山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类.docx

山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类.docx

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山东新高考英语模拟猜题专项汇编5阅读理解五科教科普类

阅读理解（五）科教科普类

1、Whatexactlyisintelligenee?

Therearen'tanyeasyanswers.Despitetheprogressthathasbeen

madeingeneticsandpsychology,humanintelligeneehasremainedoneofthemostcontroversialareasofmodernscienee,untilnow,thatis,forthediscoveryofagene（基因）linkedtointelligencehasmadetheexpertsthinkagain.

RobertPlominoftheInstituteofPsychiatryinLondonandhiscolleaguesintheUShavebeenlookingintogeneticmake-up.Fromtheirresearch,theyhavediscoveredthataslightlydifferentgeneismorecommoninthosewithahighIQ.PlominanalyzedDNAfromtwogroupsof51childrenagedbetween6and15.WhathefoundwasthatthefirstgrouphadanIQof136,puttingtheminthetop5%ofthepopulation,whiletheothergrouphadanaverageIQof103.Ananalysisoftheirgenesshowedthat32%ofchildreninthehighergrouphadthegeneinquestion,whileonly16%inthesecondgroupdid.However,thereisalotmoreresearchtobedone,andPlominhimselfiscautiousatthisearlystage.Hesuggeststhatthereareprobablymanygenesthatcontributetointelligence,ratherthanjustone.

SeveralstudieshaveshownastronglinkbetweenIQandcareersuccess,althoughsomepsychologistsremainunconvincedaboutthis.ProfessorMichaelRowe,whohaswrittenabookcalledGeniusExplained,isoneofthese.“ThepeoplewiththehighestIQsarenotusuallytheones

whodobestintheircareers.”

Manypsychologistsnowbelievethatwhenitcomestointelligence,IQisnrything.Many'teve

alternativeviewshavebeenputforwardrecently.Oneexampleistheideaofmultipleintelligences,whichwasdevelopedinthe1980sbyHarvardpsychologistHowardGardner.ThisoffersamuchbroaderviewthantheIQtheory,includingcreativityandcommunicationskillsasrelevantfactors（因素）inintelligence.

TonyBuzan,brainexpertandauthorofMasteryourMemory,isenthusiasticaboutthisbelief,arguingthattruegeniuses（天才）doindeedappeartocombinehighlevelsofeachtypeofintelligence.HelistsAlexandertheGreat,PabloPicassoandAlbertEinsteinasexamples.Atthesametime,Buzanbelievesthateveryonecandeveloptheirintelligence,onlyiftheytakethetroubletoexercisetheirbrain.Perhapsthere'shopeforusall!

1.Whatisthetopicofthepassage?

A.Therelationshipbetweengenesandintelligenee.

B.IQbenefitsalotfromhighintelligenee.

C.Howtodevelopintelligenee.

D.Whatmakesintelligenee.

2.WhydoestheauthorusedatainParagraph2?

A.Tomakeasuggestion.B.Todrawaconelusion.

C.Toproveanidea.D.Togiveanexample.

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.RobertPlominconfirmsgeneshavesomethingineommon.

B.HowardGardnerthinksintelligeneeineludesvariousfaetors.

C.MiehaelRoweapprovesofastronglinkbetweenIQandeareer.

D.TonyBuzanagreesgeniusesexereisebraintoimproveintelligenee.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inParagraph4referto?

A.Thedevelopmentofintelligenee.B.Theideaofmultipleintelligences.

C.IQisn'tnytteingforintelligenee.D.Alternativeviewshavebeenputforward.

2、Yourcolleague'ssharpeommentkeepsreplayinginyourmind.Twoofyourstudentsare

trappedina“hesaid/shesaid”battle.Whenyoureflectonyouremotionalreactions,yousometimesgetcaughtupincyclesofnegativefeelings,whichcanmakeyoufeelevenworse.Ifso,theanswermaylieinaskillcalled-distancing"self,theabilitytotakeastepbackandview

yourselfmoreobjectively.Accordingtoaresearch,whenpeopleadoptself-distancingwhilediscussingadifficultevent,theymakebettersenseoftheirreactions,experieneelessemotionalsuffering,anddisplayfewersignsofstress.

Butwhatmightself-distancinglooklikeinaction?

Consideratypical“hesaid/shesaid”stu（

conflictwheretheyareeachfocusingontheirownfeelings.Oneisthinking,"Ican'tbeliev

didthattome.”Andanotherinsists,“Shereallyhurtmyfeelings.”However,ifyouaskthen

taketheself-distancing,theymightstepoutsideofthemselvesandaskbroaderquestions:

“Why

washesohurtinthissituation?

”or“Howdidherangeraffecthim?

”

Althoughthisapproachmaysoundtoosimpletobeeffective,studiesindicatethatachangein

pointofviewcanhaveapowerfuleffectonthewaypeoplethink,feel,andbehave.Hereareseveraldifferenttechniquesyoucantry.

First,considerhowathoughtfulfriendmightrespondafterquietlyobservingtheirsituation.

Besides,avoidusingthepronoun“I”.Focus-persoingDtloinduns,he,she,they,and

theywereabletoseethestressfuleventaschallengingratherthanthreatening.Finally,ask

yourself,“HowwouldIfeelaboutthisoneweekfromnowortenyearsfromnow?

”Thisform

mentaltimetravelmaybeeffectivebecauseourattentionisdirectedawayfromourimmediate,concretecircumstances.

1.Whatisself-distancing?

A.Gettingstuckinnegativeemotions.

B.Astressfulsituation.

C.Astudyonrelievingemotionalstress.

D.Reflectingonyourselfobjectively.

2.Whichofthefollowingstatementusesthetechniquesofself-distancing?

A.I'mangrywithhim.

B.Howdidthesetwopeoplegettothispoint?

C.HowIwishIcouldgobacktothepast!

D.Hegrabbedmynotes,andthen,andthen…

3.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhySelf-distancingMatters

B.TheDisadvantagesofSelf-distancing

C.BreakingtheCycleofNegativeReflection

D.WaystoReflectonEmotionalReactions

3、Itiscommonforadultstouse

“babytalk”wheninteractingwithbabies.Thiswayofspeaking

attemptstoimitatethesoundsbabiesmakewhentheyfirsttrytotalk.Butisthisformofcommunicationhelpfultoachild'sdevelopment?

Severalstudieshavesuggestedaclearlinkbetweenparentallanguagemethodsandachild

Ianguagedevelopment.StudiesshowedthatIanguagelearninginbabieswasimprovedwhenparentsspokemorethanafewsimplewordsandusedawidervocabulary.EarlierresearchfoundthatthestyleofspeechusedbyparentstocommunicatewiththeirbabycouldhaveaninflueneeonIanguagedevelopment.

Onesuchspeakingstyleisknownas

“parentese”.Researchhasshownthatbabiesreactbetterto

thiskindofIanguageinthefirstmonthsoflife.Generally,parenteseinvolvesadultsspeakinginahighervoiceandataslowerspeed.TheIanguageissimplified,whilesentencesareshortandoftenrepeated.Studiesfromthepast30yearshaveconfirmedthatbabiesspokentoinparentesedevelopedlargervocabulariesthroughoutthefirstthreeyearsoflife.

sInstituteforLearning&

Anewstudyonthesubject,aprojectoftheUniversityofWashington

BrainSciences,examinedwhetherparentscanbeeffectivelytaughtmethodstoimprovetheirparenteseskills.

NajaFerjanRamrez.iworkingintheInstituteforLearning&BrainSciences,saidthattheparentsinvolvedintheresearchwerefirstshowntheimportaneeofIanguageinputfortheirbabydevelopment.Parentswerethengivensuggestionsonhowtousedifferentparentesemethods,andthenratedonhowwelltheyusedthesemethodswiththeirchild.Sheaddedthatthenewstudyisimportantbecausetherearestillalotofparentswithlittleknowledgeabouthowtouseparentesetohelptheirchild.Thiswasonereasontheresearchersincludedparentsfromdifferentculturalandeconomicgroupings.

1.Howdoparentsusuallytalkwiththeirbabies?

A.Byspeakinginafunnystyle.B.Bycopyingbabies'sounds.

C.Byraisingspeakingspeed.D.Bywhisperinginbabies'ears.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Babies'IanguageItekiaredecidedbytalent.

B.Babies'Ianguageisimprovedbysimplewords.

C.ParentalIanguagestylehelpsimprovebabies'behavior.

D.ParentalIanguagemethodsaffectbabies'Ianguagedevelopment.

3.Wherecanyoufindhowparentsweretrainedinparenteseskills?

A.lnparagraph2.B.lnparagraph3.C.lnparagraph4.D.lnparagraph5.

4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Communicatingwithbabiesmattersmore

B.ParenteseisagoodwaytopracticeIanguage

C.Themoreparentshelp,thebetterbabieslearn

D.Speakingparentesehelpswithbabies'Ianguagelearning

'sKTH

4、Woodhasmanygreatcharacteristicsthatmakeittheperfectbuildingmaterial.Itischeap,durable（耐用的）,easilyavailable,andmostimportantly,environmentallysustainable.Theonethingitisnot,istransparent（透明的）.NowthankstoateamofscientistsatStockholmRoyalInstituteofTechnology,thematerialmayevenbeabletoaddthatfeaturetoitsalreadyimpressivelist.

LeadresearcherDr.LarsBerglundsaidhewasinspiredtocreatethetransparentwoodafter

learninghowJapaneseresearchershaddevelopedasee-throughpaperforuseinflexibledisplayscreensforelectronicdevices.Theteambeganbypullingoutthewood木质素）.The'slignin（

lignin-freewoodwasthendippedintoapolymer（聚合物）andbakedatatemperatureof158Fforfourhours.Theresultwasahybridproductthatwasnotonlystrongerandlighterthantheoriginalwoodbutalso,almosttransparent.Theresearcherswereabletoadjusttheleveloftransparencybyvaryingtheamountofthepolymerinjectedandalsobychangingthethicknessofthewood.

Whilescientistshavepreviouslycreatedasee-throughwoodforsmall-scaleapplicationslikecomputerchips,thetransparentwoodisthefirstonebeingconsideredforlargescaleapplications.Theresearchers,whorevealedtheirfindingsinBiomacromoleculesonApril11,pictureusingthetransparentwoodi