高考英语真题分类汇编专题05阅读理解解析版.docx

高考英语真题分类汇编专题05阅读理解解析版.docx

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高考英语真题分类汇编专题05阅读理解解析版

2016年高考试题分项解析之专题5

阅读理解

1.【2016·全国新课标I】A

YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?

JaneAddams（1860-1935）

AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addanshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity（社区）bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneedIn1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.

RachelCarson（1907-1964）

Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.

SandraDayO’Connor（1930-present）

WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator（参议员）and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SupremeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.

RosaParks（1913-2005）

OnDecember1,1955,inMontgomery,Alabama,RasaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoapassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgmerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.

21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?

A.Hersocialwork.

B.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.

C.Hereffortstowinaprize.

D.Hercommunitybackground.

22.WhatisthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?

A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.

B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.

C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.

D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.

23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheUS?

A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.C.SandraDayO’Connor.D.RosaParks.

24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?

A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.

C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.

【答案】

21-24ACD.C

考点：

考查人物类短文阅读

【技巧点拨】细节理解题的解题可以先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：

段落、语句，仔细品味，对照比较，确定答案。

2.【2016·全国新课标I】B

GrandparentsAnsweraCall

AsathirdgenerationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverpleasedmoveaway,.EvenwhenherdaughterandsonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelptheirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMsGaffinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemovetoasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.

NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertothechildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudygrandparentscom.83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson‘sdecisionwillinfluencethegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.

“inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenoughfastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristineCrosby,publisherofgratemagazineforgrandparents.Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportant””tobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’rerainingchildren.”

Movingisnotforeveryone.Almosteverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstruggling,butgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.

25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?

A．Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.

B．Itimprovedherlivingconditions.

C．Itenabledhermakemorefriends.

D．Ithelpedherknowmorenewplaces.

26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?

A．17%expressedtheirsupportforit.

B．Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.

C．83%believedithadabadinfluence.

D．Themajoritythoughtitwasatrend.

27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?

A．Theywereunsureofraisemorechildren.

B．Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.

C．Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.

D．Theybadlittlerespectfortheirgrandparent.

28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelasrparagraph?

A.Makedecisionsinthebestinterests'oftheirown

B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem

C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren

D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter

【答案】

25-28.ADCA

考点：

社会生活类短文阅读

【技巧点拨】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。

此类题要求通过文章中的文字信息，上下文逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息，推断出作者暗含的意思。

解题关键要注意表明作者观点、立场的动词、名词、形容词和副词等。

28题中则根据itiswisertosayno推断出作者的立场。

3.【2016·全国新课标I】C

IampeterHodes,avolunteerstemcourier.SinceMarch2012,I'vedone89tripsofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI'vegottwoicepacksandthat'showlongtheylast,inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost,SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.

IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:

“Well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenofightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:

“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldformere-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.

Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethanthatboxyou’regotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.

29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph17

AproviderBdeliveryman

CcollectorDmedicaldoctor

30.Why does Peter have to complete his trip within 42hours?

A. He cannot stay away from his job too long.

B. The donor can only wait for that long.

C. The operation needs that very much.

D. The ice won't last any longer.

31.Which flight did the woman put Peter on first?

A. To London        B. To NewarkC. To Providence     D. To Washington

【答案】

29-31.BD.B

【技巧点拨】词义猜测题的答题技巧。

1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测2.根据同位关系进行猜测3.根据构词法（前缀、后缀、复合、派生等）进行猜测4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测。

在本文中要根据上下文对作者工作的描写来推测出正确的词义。

30.D细节理解题。

根据第一段第二句Ihave42hourstocarrystemcellsinmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.可知冰盒只能保持42小时适宜的温度。

故选D。

31.B细节理解题。

根据第二段末句Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routedmethroughNewark可知，这位好心的女士首先安排作者去Newark的航班。

故选B。

考点：

故事类短文阅读

4.【2016·全国新课标I】D

The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（间隙）with conversation. Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a 

person's needs.

Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some 

traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and 

suddenlystops, what maybe implied（暗示） is that the personwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.

Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.

Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing（治愈）valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.

32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?

A.Itimpliesanger.

B.Itpromotesfriendship.

C.Itisculture-specific.

D.Itiscontent-based.

33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightregardsilenceasacallforcarefulthought?

A.TheChinese.

B.TheFrench.

C.TheMexicans.

D.TheRussians.

34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?

A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.

B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.

C.Evaluateitsharmtopatients.

D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.

35.Whatmaybethebesttit