情态动词+连词.docx
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情态动词+连词
情态动词的基本用法
1.can基本含义与用法
(1)(表示能力)能……;会……,
(2)(表示可能、许可)能够……;可以,(3)(表温和的命令)请做……;得……,(4)(用于疑问句中,表请求、提议)能不能……;要不要…,(5)(用于疑问句中,表惊讶、怀疑等)“(到底)可能有这样的事吗?
”,(6)构成特殊句式:
①cannot/cannever...too...或cannot...enough“无论怎么……也不过分;越……越好;非常……”。
Onecannotbetoocareful.越认真越好。
Icannotthankyouenough.我对你感激不尽。
②cannothelpdoing.../cannothelpbutdo.../cannnotbutdo...“禁不住;不由得;不得不”。
【注意】情态动词完成式的用法:
表示已经发生的情况,can’t/couldn’thave+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的否定推测,译为“(昨天)一定没……”。
例如:
Marycouldn’thavereceivedmyletter;otherwiseshewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.
表示虚拟语气,couldhave+过去分词,表示过去本来可以做但却未做,译为“完全可以……”。
例如:
Whatyousaidisright,butyoucouldhavephraseditmoretactfully.
2.may基本含义与用法
(1)(表准许、请求)可以、
(2)(表愿望、祝福)但愿;祝……。
此时,句子要用倒装语序、(3)(用于目的状语从句中)为了;为了能够、(4)(用于让步状语从句中)即使;无论、(5)构成句型:
may/mightaswelldosth.“还是做某事的好;不妨去做某事”
【注意】情态动词完成式的用法:
表示已经发生的情况,may/mighthave+过去分词,表示对已发生的事情做不肯定、可能性很小的推测,或事实上根本没发生,译为“也许……”。
例如:
AtFloridaPower’sCrystalRiverplant,apotentiallyseriousleakageofradioactivewatermayhavebeenunknowinglycausedbyanelectrician.
表示虚拟语气,may/mighthave+过去分词,表示过去可以做但实际未做,译为“(那样)也许会……”。
例如:
Itmighthavebeenbettertoincludemorepunchystatisticsandphotosofequipmentintheintroductiontofurtherassistfirst-timeofficeautomationmanagers.
3.must基本含义与用法
(1)(表义务、必要性、命令)必须,得,要,mustn’t表“禁止、不准”、
(2)(表必然性)必定、(3)(表固执、不满等)偏偏;硬要;偏要,例如:
Ifyoumustknow,I’mgoingtohelphimlookforanapartment.
【注意】情态动词完成式的用法:
musthave+过去分词,表示对已发生情况的肯定推测,译为“(昨天)一定……”。
例如:
MypainmusthavebeenapparentthemomentIwalkedintotheroom,forthefirstmanImetaskedsympathetically:
“Areyoufeelingallright?
”
4.shall基本含义与用法
(1)用于疑问句中,与第一、三人称连用,表示征求对方的意见,may用于征求对方的许可,shall用于征求对方的意见或指示、
(2)用于第二、三人称,表示说话人的命令、警告、强制、允诺、威胁或决心等、(3)(用于法律、规则等条文中)应……,须……,得……
5.should基本含义与用法
(1)(表义务、责任)应该、
(2)(表预期)应该会,想必会,一定会……吧、(3)(表惊讶、遗憾)竟然;居然、(4)(与疑问词连用,表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等)究竟是;到底、(5)(用于条件状语从句中)一旦;万一、(6)(用于表示命令、建议、请求的动词后面的that从句中,且should可省略)应该;必须,例如:
Shedemandedthatthey(should)leaveatonce.(7)(用于以lest,forfearthat,incase引导的状语从句中)以免;唯恐,例如:
ShegavemealistjustincaseIshouldforgetwhattobuy.
【注意】情态动词完成式的用法:
表示虚拟语气,should/shouldnothave+过去分词,表示应该做某事但实际上未做,或本不应该做但实际上做了,译为“本(不)应该……”。
如:
Iregrethavinglefttheworkunfinished;Ishouldhaveplannedeverythingaheadcarefully.
6.would基本含义与用法
(1)(表过去的习惯性动作)(从前)常常;经常、
(2)(表示说话者的厌烦、焦躁)老是;偏要、(3)(用于否定句中,主语一般是事物,表示某事物暂时的特性)就是(不能)、(4)表示请求或个人的想法、看法,使语气婉转,例如:
WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?
表推测情态动词辨析
1.must,can/could,may/might可以用来对事情进行推测。
must表推测时只能用于肯定句,是对现在或过去的事情进行的推测,不能表对将来事情的推测,语气非常肯定,译为“一定……”。
can/could表推测时一般用于否定句或疑问句,也是对现在或过去的事情进行推测,但could偶尔可用于肯定推测。
may/might表推测时一般用于肯定句或否定句,可对现在、过去或将来的事情进行推测,语气不很肯定,译为“可能……”。
2.“情态动词+havedone”结构用于对过去事情的推测。
mighthavedone和couldhavedone除了表对过去事情的推测外,还可表示一种责备语气,意为“(过去)本来可以(能够)做某事,但实际上没有做到”,此时不能用may或can。
例如:
Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.
3.表责备语气情态动词should,oughtto,could,might,need等常用来表示说话人对过去事情的不满或遗憾,带有较强烈的责备语气。
should(oughtto)havedone“本应该……”,表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气,其否定形式为“shouldnot/oughtnottohavedone”,shouldhavedone还可以表示惊讶、赞叹等情绪。
例如:
It’swonderfulthatyoushouldhaveachievedsomuchintheseyears.
could/mighthavedone“本来能够(会)……”,表示过去本来可以(能够)做某事,但实际上没有做到。
Needn’thavedone“本来不需要……”,表示过去本来没有必要做某事,但事实上却做了。
对may引出的问句,可以有下列回答方式:
Yes,ofcourse.
Yes,certainly.
Sure.
No,youmustn’t.
No,youcan’t.
----Might/MayIsmokeinthisroom?
----No,youmustn’t.
----May/MightItakethisbookoutoftheroom?
----Yes,youcan.(No,youcan’t/mustn’t.
----Mustwehandinourexercisebookstoday?
----Yes,youmust.
----No,youdon’thaveto/youneedn’t.
.----NeedIfinishtheworktoday?
----Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.
对will/wouldyou… 的回答方式有以下几种:
Yes,Iwill.(No,Iwon’t.)
Sure.(I’msorry,Ican’t.)
Allright.
Certainly.(No,thankyou.)
Yes,please.
shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称,表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。
如:
我给你把门打开好吗?
我们现在开始好吗?
其回答方式有以下几种:
Yes,please.
Allright.
No,thankyou.
情态动词练习1
1.You________readthatarticleifyoudon’twantto.
A.haven’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t
2.I_______getthisdoneimmediatelyoritwillbetoolate.
A.mustB.canC.mayD.might
3.Thehouseisdark;theBrowns_________tobed.
A.maygoB.shouldgo
C.shouldhavegoneD.musthavegone
4.“Thatcarmusthavecosta1otofmoney.”
“Oh,no,_____.”
A.itmustn’tB.ithasn’t
C.itdoesn’tD.itdidn’t
5.I_______asleepinthecorner,for1remembernothingofwhathappenedduringthenight.
A.mightfallB.mustfall
C.musthavefallenD.canhavefallen
6.I’mfeelingsick.I_________somuchchocolate.
A.needn’thaveeatenB.couldn’thaveeaten
C.mustn’thaveeatenD.shouldn’thaveeaten
7.Mywalletisnowheretobefound.I________when1wasonthebus.
A.musthavedroppeditB.mustdropit
C.shouldhavedroppeditD.oughttohavedroppedit
8.Mr.Green________myletter,otherwisehewouldhaverepliedbeforenow.
A.musthavereceivedB.musthavefailedtoreceive
C.mustreceiveD.mustfailtoreceive
9.Youcouldhavedonemuchbetteryesterday.Why_________?
A.didn’tyouB.couldn’tyou
C.hadn’tyouD.shouldn’tyou
10.Theyhavedonethingstheyought_______
A.nottodoB.nottobedone
C.nottohavedoneD.nothavingdone
11.Youhadbetter__________adoctorassoonaspossible.
A.seenB.sawC.seeD.seeing
12.Ibelievehe__________anaccident.otherwisehewouldhavearrivedontime.
A.wouldhavehadB.couldhavehad
C.shouldhavehadD.musthavehad
13.Somethingmusthavehappenedontheirwayhere.Orthey_______bynow.
A.shouldhavearrivedB.shouldarrive
C.wouldhavearrivedD.wouldarrive
14.“Areyoucoming‘toJeff’sparty?
”
“I’mnotsure.I_________gototheconcertinstead.”
A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.might
15.“Willyoustayforlunch?
”
“Sorry.___________.Mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.”
A.Imustn’tB.Ican’t
C.Ineedn’tD.Iwon’t
16.“Iheardtheywentskiinginthemountainslastwinter.”
“It__________truebecausetherewaslittlesnowthere.”
A.maynotbeB.won’tbe
C.couldn’tbeD.mustn’tbe
17.“Shallwegoskatingorstayathome?
”
“Which__________doyourself?
”
A.doyouratherB.wouldyourather
C.willyouratherD.shouldyourather
18.Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_______homewithoutaword.
A.mustn’tleaveB.shouldn’thaveleft
Ccouldn’thaveleftD.needn’tleave
19.Someoneiscominghere.Who___________itbe?
A.willB.shallC.mustD.can
20.——MayIstophere?
——No,you_________.
A.mustn’tB.mightnot
C.needn’tD.won’t
情态动词练习2
1.Jeanhavekepthispromise.Iwonderwhyhechangedhisidea.
A.mustB.shouldC.needD.would
2.Janehavecometotheparty,butshenotfindtheexacttime.
A.could;couldB.might;could
C.should;couldD.should;would
3.Somanymistakesinyourhomework!
Youmorecareful.
A.maybeB.hadto
C.wouldbeD.shouldhavebeen
4.Herbrotherbeathomenow,becausehewasseenplayingbasketballinthestadiumjustnow.
A.mustn’tB.needn’t
C.can’tD.shouldn't
5.---Ican’tunderstandwhyourbossislate.
---Hetheearlybus.
A.couldmissB.mayhavemissed
C.canhavemissedD.mightmiss
6.Shedidn'tanswerthephone,she______asleep.
A.maybeB.mustbe
C.shouldhavebeenD.musthavebeen
7.Thelittlegirl’seyeswerered.She______.
A.maycryB.mustcry
C.mustbecriedD.musthavebeencrying
8.He______hissuppernow,forthedininghallisstillclosed.
A.can’tbehavingB.needn’tbehaving
C.mustn’tbehavingD.shouldn'tbehaving
9.Iparkedmybikebehindthebuilding,butnowitisgone.It________.
A.maybestolenB.mustbestolen
C.musthavebeenstolenD.musthavestolen
10.______Mr.Black_______gotoworkbyferry(轮渡)beforethebridgewasbuilt?
A.Did;usedtoB.Use;to
C.Did;usetoD.Does;useto
Used+主语+todo?
/Did+主语+usetodo?
11.Thehotelisonlyastone’sthrowaway(举步之遥),you______takeabus.
A.neednottoB.notneedto
C.don'tneedD.neednot
12.Iambusynow,_______mybrotherdoitforyou?
A.WillB.ShallC.MustD.May
13.---Youneedn’tdoitrightnow,needyou?
---YesIamafraidI______.
A.needB.needn’tC.mustD.mustn’t
14.MyEnglish-Chinesedictionaryhasdisappeared.Who_____havetakenit?
A.shouldB.mustC.couldD.would
15.---Theroomissodirty._______wecleanit?
----Ofcourse.
A.WillB.ShallC.WouldD.Do
16.Ifyouhavesomethingimportanttodo,you______wasteanytime.
A.needn’tB.mustn’tC.maynotD.won’t
17.Ifyouwanttoborrowafootballafterschool,yourstudentcard______here.
A.hastoleaveB.mustleave
C.hastobeleftD.mustbeleft
18.“Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness?
”
“Yes,but_____it”
A.I’drathernotdoB.I’drathernothavedone
C.Ishouldn’tdoD.I’dbetternotdo
19.“Don’tgetneartoit.Itistoodangerous!
”
“_______”.
A.Yes,Iwon’tB.No,Idon’t
C.No,Ican’tD.No,Iwon’t
20.Hemustbeintheclassroom,_______he?
A.mustn’tB.can’tC.isn’tD.can
21.He________beinthegarden.Hemustbeintheroom.
A.can’tB.mustn’t
C.willnotD.maynot
22.“Doyouhavetoleavenow?
”
“Iamverysorry,butIreally______.”
A.can’tB.haveC.shouldD.must
23.“Let’sgotothelibrary,shallwe?
”
“_________?
”
A.No,Ican’tB.Yes,Iwill
C.Yes,thankyouD.No,we’dbetternot
24.“CanItakeitaway?
”
“You______betternot.”
A.shouldB.couldC.wouldD.had
25.You_______havebroughtyourcamera.Theyallhadtheirswiththem.
A.couldn’tB.needn’t
C.wouldn’tD.mustn’t
26.Seewhoisthere!
______itbeMay?
A.MayB.MustC.CanD.Will
27.John______