高二英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析.docx

高二英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析.docx

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高二英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析

高二英语阅读理解易错剖析及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Whenyougotothedoctor,youliketocomeawaywithaprescription．Itmakesyoufeelbettertoknowyouwillgetsomemedicine.Butthedoctorknowsthatmedicineisnotalwaysneeded.Sometimesallasickpersonneedsissomereassurancethatallwillbewell.Insuchcasesthedoctormayprescribeaplacebo.

   Aplaceboisasugarpill,aharmlessshot,orailemptycapsule.Eventhoughtheyhavenomedicineinthem,thesethingsseemtomakepeoplewell.Thepatientthinksitismedicineandbeginstogetbetter.Howdoesthishappen?

   Thestudyoftheplaceboopensupnewknowledgeaboutthewaythehumanbodycanhealitself.Itisasiftherewasadoctorineachofus.Thedoctorwillhealthebodyforusifweletit.Butitisnotyetknownjusthowtheplaceboworkstohealthebody.Somepeoplesayitworksbecausethehumanmindfoolsitself.Thesepeoplesaythatifthemindisfooledintothinkingitgotmedicine,thenitwillactasifitdid,andthebodywillfeelbetter.

   Placebosdonotalwayswork.Thesuccessofthistreatmentseemstorestalotwiththerelationshipbetweenthepatientandthedoctor.Ifthepatienthasalotoftrustinthedoctorandifthedoctorreallywantstohelpthepatient,thentheplaceboismorelikelytowork.Soinaway,thedoctoristhemostpowerfulplaceboofall.

   Aplacebocanalsohavebadeffects.Ifpatientsexpectabadreactiontomedicine,thentheywillalsoshowabadreactiontotheplacebo.Thiswouldseemtoshowthatalotofhowyoureacttomedicineisinyourmindratherthaninyourbody.Somedoctorsstillthinkthatiftheplacebocanhavebadeffectsitshouldneverbeused.Theythinkthereisstillnotenoughknownaboutit.

   Thestrangepoweroftheplacebodoesseemtosuggestthatthehumanmindisstrongerthanwethinkitis.Therearepeoplewhosayyoucanhealyourbodybyusingyourmind.Andtheinterestingthingisthatevenpeoplewhoswearthisisnotpossiblehavebeenhealedbyaplacebo．

（1）Whatdoweknowaboutplaceboaccordingtothepassage?

A. Itcontainssomesortofmedicine.                  B. Itwon'tfunctionifyouarenegativeaboutmedicine.

C. Peoplewhodon'tbelieveplacebocan'tbehealedbyit.         

D. Patientsanddoctorsknowclearlyhowithelpstohealthebody.

（2）Whyisthedoctorsometimesthemostpowerfulplacebo?

A. Thepatientneedshelpbadly．                      

B. Thepatientbelievesinthedoctor．

C. Thedoctorknowsbetteraboutyourbody．         

D. Thedoctorhascarefullystudiedmedicine．

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph5referto?

A. Theplacebo.                 

B. Thebadeffect.                 

C. Thebody.                 

D. Themedicine.

（4）Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A. Placebo：

WorkonYourMind                         B. Placebo：

TheMostPowerfulMedicine

C. Placebo：

TheBestDoctor                               

D. Placebo：

HealYourBody

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，安慰病人的心理使病人的情绪得到舒缓，从而有利于病情的痊愈。

（1）考查细节理解。

纵观全文可知，一些医生仍然认为，如果安慰剂有坏的影响，它应该永远不会被使用，他们认为对安慰剂仍然没有足够的了解。

所以此处的it是指的安慰剂。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Aplaceboisasugarpill，aharmlessshot，orailemptycapsule．”可知安慰剂不会起到医学上的作用。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据文章的描述有时候病人是不需要使用药物的，医生给病人开出安慰剂，病人觉得安慰剂有很大的作用是因为他们很相信医生。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文讲述的是有时候病人的病并不是需要真正的药物来医治，而是需要医生开一些安慰的药剂，这时候就会安慰病人的心理，病人的情绪得到舒缓从而有利于病情的痊愈。

这被叫做安慰剂。

通常是空的甜胶囊，作用于病人的心理，帮助他们调节心情，从而有利于病情痊愈。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   OhmyGod,therobotsaretakingover!

We'redoomed!

Doomed!

NowthatI'vegottenthatoutofmysystem,it'sbecomeclearthatwhilewemayormaynotbedoomed,therobotsaretakingover.Thelatestexampleisthegovernment'snewguidelinesforself-drivingcars.

   Tesla,GoogleandUberarealreadytestingdriverlesscarsincitiesacrossAmerica.UberchiefexecutiveTravisKalanickisamongthosepredictingthatby2021,self-drivingcarswillplayabigpartinurbansettings.

   Nearly40,000peoplediedlastyearinthisnationinautomobile-relatedaccidents,andwebelievesdriverlesscarscansavetensofthousandsoflivesannually.

   Makessense.Robotdriversarelesslikelytogetdrunk,drivewithoutalicense,textwhiledrivingorfeelagitatedatthesceneofapileup.Ontheotherhand,Iwonderhowthesehighlysensitivecarswillreact,withwalkersconstantlydashingintothestreet.Willtheyjamonthebrakesevery10seconds?

   Butthere'sabiggerpicture.Notonlyarerobotsreplacinghumansbehindthewheel,butbehindtheworkdesk,inwarehouses,seniorhomes,younameit.Robotsaren'tjusttakingoverintheworkplace.

   Thequestionis,wherecan'tarobotfunctionbetterthanahuman?

Howaboutwritingsongs?

Arobotcangothrougheverycombinationofnotesinrecordtimeandcomeupwithapleasingmelody.Thelyricsmightbeadifferentstory.IsaGrammy-winningsongco-writtenbyHankHumanandR-3071inourfuture?

   Finally,it'sonlyamatteroftimeuntilwehaverobotpoliticiansandpresidentialcandidates.Whynot?

Theycanbeprogrammedtobeexpertsinworldanddomesticaffairsandcomeupwiththebestsolutionswithoutcorruptionandbadhumors.

    Actually,it'stoobadsuchtechnologyisn'tavailablein2016.Prettysuretherobotwouldwininalandslide.

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“agitated”mean?

A. Tired                              

B. Cautious                              

C. Careful                              

D. Anxious

（2）Whatdoubtdoesthewriterhaveaboutself-drivingcars?

A. Howpassengersbehaveinit.                         

B. Howrobotdriversgetthelicense.

C. Howtheyavoidcrashingintoothercar.          

D. Howtheyrespondtowalkersonabusystreet.

（3）Thelastquestionsaskedinthesixthparagraphreflectsthewriter’s________.

A. confidenceinrobots,winningGrammyAwards          

B. eagernesstolistentosongswrittenbyrobots

C. doubtaboutrobots’abilitytowritesongs          

D. curiosityaboutthefutureGrammysongs

（4）Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthetext?

A. Robotswillcontroltheworldineveryfield          

B. Robotsarecomingbutnotsoonenough

C. Robotsarebeingusedinourdailylife           D. Robotscandrivecarsandwritemusic

【答案】

（1）D

（2）D

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文谈论机器人是否会控制世界的问题。

以无人驾驶汽车为例，谈论无人驾驶的优缺点，以及在其他领域对机器人的应用，最后得出结论，机器人等现代化科学技术全面代替人类只是时间问题。

（1）猜测词义。

根据划线词所在句“Robotdriversarelesslikelyto...atthesceneofapileup.”可知，作者想说的是无人驾驶汽车看到堵车也不会感到焦虑不安。

所以agitated应意为“焦虑的”，相当于anxious，故选D。

（2）细节理解。

根据第四段中ontheotherhand,Iwonderhowthesehighlysensitivecarswillreact,withwalkerconstantlydashingintothestreet.可知，作者担心的是这些无人驾驶的汽车如何对经常冲进马路的行人如何反应，故选D。

（3）推理判断。

题干询问的是第六段提出的最后一个问题反映了作者的什么看法，根据本段提到的机器人能够创作出优美的旋律可推知，作者是想借此问题说明将来机器人肯定会写出获得格莱美奖的音乐作品，故选A。

（4）主旨大意。

通读全文内容尤其是最后一段中的“it’stoobadsuchtechnologyisn’tavailablein2016”可知，本文作者认为机器人时代来的不够快，B项反映了作者的看法，概括了文章内容。

故选B。

【点评】议论文阅读首先要弄清楚作者要证明什么观点，然后用什么样的论据进行怎样的分析，最后得出了什么样的结论，理清了线索，理解文章就不是问题。

看题时注意确定关键词，然后在文章中定位，找到与选项一致的内容，就可以轻松的确定答案。

3．阅读理解

   It's3o'clockandyou'vebeenhardatwork.Asyousitatyourdesk,astrongdesireforchocolateovercomesyou.Youtrytobusyyourselftomakeitgoaway.Butitdoesn't.Hereisanothersituation.Perhapsyouarenotfeelingwell.Theonlythingyouwanttoeatisabigbowlofchickensoup,likeyourmomusedtomakewhenyouweresickasachild.Foodcravingsareastrongdesireforaspecifictypeoffood.Andtheyarenormal.

   ScientistsatthewebsiteHowStuffWorkscomparehungerandcravingsthisway.Hungerisafairlysimpleconnectionbetweenthestomachandthebrain.Theyevencallitsimply“stomachhunger.”Whenourstomachsburnupallofthefoodwehaveeaten,ahormone（荷尔蒙）sendsamessagetoonepartofthebrainformorefood,whichregulatesourmostbasicbodyfunctionssuchasthirst,hungerandsleep.Thebrainthenproducesachemicaltostarttheappetiteandyoueat.Hungerisafunctionofsurvival.

   Acravingismorecomplex.Itactivates（使活跃）brainareasrelatedtoemotion,memoryandreward.Thesearethesameareasofthebrainactivatedduringdrug-cravingstudies.So,somescientistscallfoodcravings“mindhunger.”Peopleoftencravefoodsthatarehighinfatandsugar.Foodsthatarehighinfatorhighinsugarproducechemicalsinthebrain.Thesechemicalsgiveusfeelingsofpleasure.

   Ina2007study,researchersatCambridgeUniversityfoundthat“dietingorrestrictedeatinggenerallyincreasesthepossibilityoffoodcraving.”So,themoreyoudenyyourselfafoodthatyouwant,themoreyoumaycraveit.However,fastingisabitdifferent.Theyfoundthateatingnofoodatallforashortperiodoftimelessenedfoodcravings.

   So,thenexttimeyoucravesomethingveryspecific,knowthatyourbrainmaybemoretoblamethanyourstomach.

（1）Whatisthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?

A. Toremindreadersoftheirownspecialfood.          

B. Todeepentheunderstandingofhunger.

C. Toreportthediscoveryofcravingstudy.          

D. Toleadtothetopicofthewholepassage.

（2）Whatdowelearnaboutfoodcraving?

A. Itshowsfoodislinkedtofeelings.                 

B. Itensuresapersonsurviveshunger.

C. Itmeansthestomachfunctionswell.             

D. Itprovesthebraindecidesyourappetite.

（3）What'sthelikelyresultofdieting?

A. Thedecreaseofchemicals.                              B. Theincreaseoffooddesire.

C. Therefusaloffatandsugar.                            D. Thedisappearanceofappetite.

（4）Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss?

A. Thefunctionsofbrainareas.