Unit 13Were trying to save the earth 讲义答案.docx

Unit 13Were trying to save the earth 讲义答案.docx

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Unit13Weretryingtosavetheearth讲义答案

Unit13We’retryingtosavetheearth!

WordsandExpressions

litter/ˈlɪtə（r）/v.乱扔n.垃圾；废弃物

bottom/ˈbɒtəm/,/ˈbɑ:

təm/n.底部；最下部

fisherman/ˈfɪʃəmən/n.渔民；钓鱼的人

coal/kəʊl/n.煤；煤块

ugly/ˈʌgli/adj.丑陋的；难看的

advantage/ədˈvɑ:

ntɪdʒ/,/ədˈvæntɪdʒ/n.优点；有利条件

cost/kɒst/,/kɔ:

st/v.（cost,cost）花费；价钱

wooden/ˈwʊdn/adj.木制的；木头的

plastic/ˈplæstɪk/adj.塑料的n.塑料；塑胶

takeaway/ˈteɪkəweɪ/n.外卖食物

bin/bɪn/n.垃圾箱

shark/ʃɑ:

（r）k/n.鲨鱼

fin/fɪn/n.（鱼）鳍

cruel/ˈkru:

əl/adj.残酷的；残忍的

harmful/ˈhɑ:

（r）mfl/adj.有害的

beharmfulto对……有害

atthetopof在……顶部或顶端

chain/tʃeɪn/n.链子；链条

thefoodchain食物链

ecosystem/ˈi:

kəʊsɪstəm/n.生态系统

industry/ˈɪndəstri/n.工业；行业

law/lɔ:

/n.法律；法规

scientific/ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/adj.科学上的；科学的

takepartin参加

afford/əˈfɔ:

（r）d/v.承担得起（后果）；买得起

turnoff关掉

reusable/ˌri:

ˈju:

zəbl/adj.可重复使用的；可再次使用的

payfor付费；付出代价

takeaction采取行动

transportation/ˌtrænspɔ:

（r）ˈteɪʃn/n.运输业；交通运输

recycle/ˌri:

ˈsaɪkl/v.回收利用；再利用

napkin/ˈnæpkɪn/n.餐巾；餐巾纸

throwaway扔掉；抛弃

putsth.togooduse好好利用某物

pull…down拆下；摧毁

upside/ˈʌpsaɪd/down上下颠倒；倒转

gate/geɪt/n.大门

bottle/ˈbɒtl/,/ˈbɑ:

tl/n.瓶子

president/ˈprezɪdənt/n.负责人；主席；总统

inspiration/ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n.灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）

iron/aɪən/n.铁

work/wɜ:

（r）k/n.（音乐、艺术）作品

metal/ˈmetl/n.金属

bringback恢复；使想起；归还

creativity/ˌkri:

eɪ’tɪvətɪ/n.创造力；独创性

WildAid/’waɪldeɪd/野生救援协会（美国）WWF（WorldWideFundforNature）世界自然基金会Jason/ˈdʒeɪsən/贾森（男名）

Hayes/heiz/海斯（姓）

Jessica/ˈdʒesɪkə/杰西卡（女名）

Role-playtheconversation.

Interviewer:

JasonandSusan,whatareyourideasforsolvingtheseproblems?

Jason:

Well,tocutdownairpollution,weshouldtakethebusorsubwayinsteadofdriving.

Susan:

Yeah,orrideabike.Thereareotheradvantagesofbikeriding.It’sgoodforhealthanditdoesn’tcostanything!

Interviewer:

Greatideas!

Whataboutwastepollution?

Susan:

Mmm,Ithinksimplethingslikebringingabagtogoshoppingcanhelp.Istarteddoingthatayearago.

Jason:

Me,too.Also,InevertakewoodenchopsticksorplasticforkswhenIbuytakeawayfood.Iusetheonesathome.

Susan:

Andremembertothrowrubbishinthebinsandkeeppublicplacescleanandbeautifulforeveryone.

Interviewer:

Sotogether,ouractionscanmakeadifferenceandleadtoabetterfuture!

Reading1

sheetbelow.

ReadthepassageaboutSharksandcompletethefactSavetheSharks!

Manyhaveheardofshark’sfinsoup.ThisfamousandexpensivedishisespeciallypopularinsouthernChina.Butdoyourealizethatyou’rekillingawholesharkeachtimeyouenjoyabowlofshark’sfinsoup?

Whenpeoplecatchsharks,theycutofftheirfinsandthrowthesharkbackintotheocean.Thisisnot

onlycruel,butalsoharmfultotheenvironment.Withoutafin,asharkcannolongerswimandslowlydies.Sharksareatthetopofthefoodchainintheocean’secosystem.Iftheirnumbersdroptoolow,itwillbringdangertoalloceanlife.Manybelievethatsharkscanneverbeendangeredbecausetheyarethestrongestintheirfoodchain.Butinfact,around70millionsharksarecaughtandtradedinthisindustryeveryyear.Thenumbersofsomekindsofsharkshavefallenbyover90percentinthelast20to30years.

Wheresharkfinsoupispopular

Numberofsharkscaughtandtradedeveryyear

Howmuchthenumbersofsomekindsofsharks

havefalleninthelast20to30years

Twoenvironmentalgroupsagainst“finning”

Environmentalprotectiongroupsaroundtheworld,suchasWildAidandtheWWF,areteachingthepublicabout“finning”.Theyhaveevenaskedgovernmentstodeveloplawstostopthesaleofshark’sfins.Sofar,noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth,sowhyeatthem?

Helpsavethesharks!

soalthoughifbutwhen

3bReadthepassageandfillintheblankswiththewordsinthebox.

1.Manypeopledonotrealizetheyarekillingawholesharktheyenjoyabowlofsharkfinsoup.

2.Sharksareatthetopofthefoodchain,iftheirnumbersdrop,theocean’secosystemwillbeindanger.

3.Manythinkthatsharksaretoostrongtobeendangered,theyarewrong.

4.therearenoscientificstudiestosupportthis,alotofpeoplebelievethatsharkfinsaregoodforhealth.

5.Sharksmaydisappearonedaywedonotdosomethingtostopthesaleofsharkfins.

GrammarFocus

We’retryingtosavetheearth.

Presentprogressive

Theriverusedtobesoclean.

usedto

Theairisbadlypolluted.

Passivevoice

Noscientificstudieshaveshownthatsharkfins

aregoodforhealth.

Presentperfect

Weshouldhelpsavethesharks.

Modalverbs

语法小结

一、现在进行时：

PresentProgressive

定义：

表示说话时（瞬间）正在进行的动作，也表示目前或现阶段正在进行的动作。

进行时，谓语常用延续性动词，常与atpresent,thisweek,thesedays等连用。

结构：

be（am/is/are）+v.-ing

标志词：

Look,Listen,now,rightnow…

e.g.Look!

Theboyiscrying.

二、usedtodo与beusedtodoing

usedtodosth.表示过去常常做某事，而现在往往不做了

（usedto是情态动词，后接动词原形）

beusedtodoingsth.表示习惯于做某事疑问式：

Did＋主语＋usetodosth.?

（掌握）

Used＋主语＋todosth.?

否定式：

主语＋didn’tusetodosth.usednotto/use（d）n’tto

e.g.Iusedtogetupatsixo’clock.

Joeisusedtodrinkingacupofcoffeeeverymorning.

1.她过去常常周末和朋友闲逛。

2.他习惯于每天晚上睡得很晚。

三、被动语态：

Passivevoice

定义：

表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象的一种语态。

结构：

be+过去分词

e.g.Anewschoolwasbuiltlastyear.Ourclassroomiscleanedeveryday.

1.一般现在时是被动语态：

am/is/are+done

2.现在完成时的被动式：

have/has+been+done

3.现在进行时的被动式：

am/is/are+being+done

4.一般过去时的被动式：

was/were+done

5.过去进行时的被动式：

was/were+being+done

6.过去完成时的被动式：

had+been+done

7.一般将来时的被动式：

will/begoingtobe+done

8.含有情态动词的被动式：

modelverb+be+doneTranslatethesentencesbyusingPassivevoice.

1.刚才一些老年人参观了博物馆。

2.工人们使用不同种类的机器工作。

四、现在完成时:

PresentPerfect

定义：

表示动作已经完成，但对现在造成影响；或者表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能持续下去的动作。

完成时，谓语常用延续性动词。

结构：

has/have+过去分词

标志词：

already,yet,ever,never,since,for,till/until,now,uptonow/present,sincethen,once,onseveraloccasions,during/in/overthelast/pastfewyears/weeks/months…

e.g.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.Completethefollowingsentences.

1.I（be）inBeijingfortwoyears.

2.Inever（hear）ofthatmanbefore.

3.Tom（work）theresincetwoyearsago.

4.HowlongSally（sing）yet?

五、情态动词

1.情态动词本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气，但不能单独作谓语，只能与其他动词构成谓语。

常见的有:

can（could）,may（might）,must,need,shall（should）,will（would）等。

2.情态动词无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。

否定式是在情态动词后面加not。

个别情态动词有过去式形式，可用来表达更加客气、委婉的语气。

e.g.Kencanclimbupthetreeslikeakoala.

Tracycouldrideabicyclewhenshewasfiveyearsold.Youmustn’tplaywithfire.Itisdangerous.

翻译

1.他现在不可能在家。

2.她一定知道这个问题的答案。

4aFillintheblankswiththecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.

Joe:

youever（take）partinanenvironmentalproject?

Ken:

Yes,Ihave.I（help）withaClean-UpDaylastyear.Itwas（consider）thebiggestclean-upprojectthiscityever（have）.

Joe:

Howmanypeople（take）part?

Ken:

I（think）morethan1,000people（come）tohelpout.

Joe:

That’sfantastic!

Iguesseveryoneinthiscityis（try）toimprovetheenvironment.Ken:

Yes,wecan’taffordto（wait）anylongertotakeaction!

canwouldcouldhavetoshouldmustmay/might

4bFillintheblankswiththeappropriatemodalverbsfromthebox.

Peoplethinkthatbigthingsbedonetosavetheearth.Manyforgetthatsavingtheearthbeginswithsmallthings.Forexample,yousaveelectricitybyturningoffthelightswhenyouleavearoom.Youalsousereusablebagsinsteadofplasticbags.Ithinkit’sagreatideathatyounowpayforplasticbagsinsomestores.Andinsteadofdrivingtoschoolorwork,yourideyourbikeorwalk.Ifit’sfar,youtakethebus.Allthesesmallthingsaddupandbecomebigthingsthatimprovetheenvironment.Let’stakeactionnow!

Reading2

UnderstandingPrefixesandSuffixes

Recognizehowprefixesandsuffixesmaychangethemeaningsofwordsandhowtheyareused.

Readthepassageandcompletethechartbelow.

Rethink,Reuse,Recycle!

Doyouoftenthrowawaythingsyoudon’tneedanymore?

Haveyoueverthoughtabouthowthesethingscanactuallybeputtogooduse?

Nothingisawasteifyouhaveacreativemind.

YouhaveprobablyneverheardofAmyHayes,butsheisa

mostunusualwoman.ShelivesinahouseintheUKthatshebuiltherselfoutofrubbish.Thewindowsanddoorscomefromoldbuildingsaroundhertownthatwerepulleddown.Thetopofthehouseisanoldboatturnedupsidedown.Andthegateinfrontofherhouseismadeofrocksandoldglassbottles.AmyrecentlywonaprizefromtheHelpSaveOurPlanetSociety.Thepresidentsaid,“Amyisaninspirationtousall.”

Amyisn’ttheonlyonewhoisgoodatrecycling.JessicaWongfromHongKongusesoldclothesthatpeopledon’twearanymoretomakebags.Shehasbeendoingthisforafewyearsnow.Sheopenedasmallshopwhereshesellsherbags,andshehasalsosetupawebsitetosellthemonline.Sheespeciallylikestouseoldjeanstomakehandbags.Herbags

arecuteanduseful.“Iplantowriteabookaboutnewwaystouseoldclothes,”shesaid.“Ihopepeoplecanreadmybookandenjoyit!

”

WangTaosetupasmallbusinessinShanghaifouryearsago.Heisknownforusingironandothermaterialsfromoldcarstomakebeautifulartpieces.Somearelargepiecesthatlooklikeanimalsorhumans,andsomearesmallerpiecesyoucanputathome.Themorepopularworkscanevenbeseeninartshopsaroundthecity.WangTaohopestosetupa“metalart”themeparktoshowpeopletheimportance

Names

Whatmaterialsdidtheyuse?

Whatdidtheymake?

ofenvironmentalprotection.Notonlycantheartbringhappinesstoothers,butitalsoshowsthatevencold,hardironcanbebroughtbacktolifewithalittlecreativity.

2cFill