高考英语二轮复习讲义练习专题一阅读理解1.docx

高考英语二轮复习讲义练习专题一阅读理解1.docx

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高考英语二轮复习讲义练习专题一阅读理解1

1.细节理解题

一A

（2019·陕西咸阳模拟）

话题：

介绍公司

难度：

★

建议用时：

5分

CompanieswithKidCEOs

MaxineMarcus，TheAmbassadorCompany

UnlikemanyyoungCEOs,17yearoldMaxineMarcusbuiltaservice，notaproduct.Hercompany，TheAmbassadorCompany，helpsbigcompaniesandbrandsunderstandtheteenviewpointandensuresthattheireffortstoconnectwiththemsucceed.

BrandonandSebastianMartinez，AreYouKidding

Thispairofbrotherscreatessomeprettystylishsocksfortheircompany，AreYouKidding.Theyincludefun，colorfuldesignsforkidsandadults，buttheircharityline，whichdesignsspecialsocksforvariouscharitieslikeSpecialOlympics，AutismAwareness，andBigBrothersBigSisters，maybetheirmostpopularandmeaningfuldesigns.

Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik，SneakerDon

Benjaminwasjust15whenhedecidedtoturnhispassionforsneakersintoabusiness，dealinginhardtoget，limitededitionkicks.Hestartedoutbypayingfriendstostandinlinewhennewshoeswerereleasedbutnowhasconnectionswithretailers（零售商）tohelphimgetthemostsoughtaftershoesinbulk（批量）forSneakerDon.Hecurrentlycountsstarathletesandmusicians，includingDJKhaledandP．Diddy，amonghisclients.

MihirGarimella，Firefly

This18yearoldStanfordfreshmanhasanumberofprojectsalreadyunderhisbelt，includingcreatingahomeworkapptoreplacepaperplannersandworkingontechnologytohelpwithaccidentalinjuriesinasoccergame.Buthislatestwork，FireflyAutonomy，involvesbuildingautonomousdrones（无人机）thatcangointodangerousordifficultlocations，frominspectingequipmenttoconducting.

1．Inwhosecompanycanpeoplebuysportsshoes?

A．MihirGarimella.

B．Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik.

C．MaxineMarcus.

D．BrandonandSebastianMartinez.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

由Benjamin“Kickz”Kapelushnik，SneakerDon部分“Hestartedoutbypayingfriendstostandinlinewhennewshoeswerereleasedbutnowhasconnectionswithretailers（零售商）tohelphimgetthemostsoughtaftershoesinbulk（批量）forSneakerDon.”可知在本杰明的公司，人们可以买到运动鞋，故选B。

2．WhatdoesTheAmbassadorCompanyprovide?

A．Technology.B．Socks.

C．Opinions.D．Equipment.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

由MaxineMarcus，TheAmbassadorCompany部分最后一句“Hercompany，TheAmbassadorCompany，helpsbigcompaniesandbrandsunderstandtheteenviewpointandensuresthattheireffortstoconnectwiththemsucceed.”可知选C。

3．WhatmakesAreYouKiddingpopular?

A．Itshomeworkapp.

B．Itssoccergame.

C．Itspotentialclients.

D．ItsCharityline.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

由BrandonandSebastianMartinez，AreYouKidding部分“...buttheirCharityline，whichdesignsspecialsocksforvariouscharitieslikeSpecialOlympics，AutismAwareness，andBigBrothersBigSisters，maybetheirmostpopularandmeaningfuldesigns.”可知，它的Charityline使得它很受欢迎，故选D。

B

（2019·山东青岛二模）

话题：

帮助穷人

难度：

★★

建议用时：

7分

VijayGuptaisknowntoclassicalmusicloversacrosstheUnitedStates.HeservesasfirstviolinistfortheLosAngelesPhilharmonic.Inthatjob，heoftenplaystolargecrowds，includingmanyveryrichpeople.Whenheisnotperforming，heorganizesconcertsforhomelesspeople.“TheyhaveremindedmewhyIbecameamusician，”hesaid.

Lastweek，GuptawasrecognizedforbeingafounderandtheartisticdirectorofStreetSymphony.Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters，jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.Guptaisamongthe25winnersofthe2018MacArthurFellowship，commonlyknownasthe“geniusgrant”．Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.Themoneyiscomingfromaprivategroup，theJohnD．andKatherineT．MacArthurFoundation.Itawardsgrants（补助金）topeoplewhoseworkitconsidersexceptionalandthat“inspireshopeinusall”．GuptasaidhegottheideaforStreetSymphonywhileteachingNathanielAyers，atrainedmusicianwhosementalillnessledtohomelessness.

The31yearoldgrantwinnersaidhedoesnotknowyethowhewillspendthemoney.Hehasbeenaperformersinceagesevenandtheawardwillgivehim“spacetobreathe，planandlookahead.”

AnotherwinnerisRebeccaSandefur，anassociateprofessorofsociologyandlawintheUniversityofIllinois.TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheUSjusticesystem.

47yearoldSandefurcreatedthefirstnationalmappingofcivillegalaidproviders.Itshowswhichstateshadthefinancialresourcestoprovidesuchaidandwhichdidnot.Shealsofoundthatthecostoflegalservicesisonlyoneofthethingspreventingpoorpeoplefromgettinglawyers.Amongtheothersarefearsaboutunfairnessinthelegalsystem.Sandefurnotedthatalotofattentionhasbeenpaidtoproblemswiththecriminaljusticesystem，butmoreattentionmustbepaidtothecivilsideofthelaw，whichalsoaffectsmillionsofpeople.

语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获奖者古普塔和桑德福尔分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助而帮助穷人的故事。

4．WhydidGuptawintheaward?

A．Forhisachievementsinclassicalmusic.

B．Forperformingforlargecrowds.

C．Fororganizingagroupplayingforthehomeless.

D．ForthefriendshipwithNathanielAyers.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Thegrouphasperformedathomelessshelters，jailsandhalfwayhousesforabouteightyears.”可知，古普塔获得该奖是因为他组织的街道交响乐团为流浪者演奏音乐，故C项正确。

5．WhatdoweknowaboutMacArthurFellowship?

A．Itisfoundedbythegovernment.

B．Itoffered$625,000to25winnersin2018.

C．Itallowsthewinnerstousethemoneyfreely.

D．Itawardspeoplewhomakegreatcontributionstosociety.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段第四句“Eachwinnerwillreceive$625,000overfiveyearstouseastheywish.”可知，每一位获奖者将在五年内获得62.5万美元的奖金，供其随意使用，故C项正确。

6．WhatwastheextraordinarythingthatSandefurdid?

A．Shemadeiteasiertogetlegalhelpforthepoor.

B．Shemadethelegalsystemfairer.

C．Shepaidmoreattentiontothecriminaljusticesystem.

D．Sheofferedlegalaidstothepoorfreely.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段最后一句“TheAssociatedPresssaysherresearchactivelysupportsnewwaystoinvolvepoorcommunitiesintheUSjusticesystem.”可知，美联社称，桑德福尔的研究为贫困地区参与美国司法系统提供了新途径。

由此可知，桑德福尔使穷人更容易获得法律援助，故A项正确。

7．Whichcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．GrantsWinners，InspiringthePoor

B．TheCityHomeless，inNeedofHelp

C．VijayGupta，anExtraordinaryViolinist

D．MacArthurFoundation，AwardingExceptionalWork

答案　A

解析　标题归纳题。

通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了美国两位麦克阿瑟奖学金的获奖者古普塔和桑德福尔分别通过为流浪者演奏音乐和为穷人争取法律援助而帮助穷人的故事，故A项作本文标题最佳。

C

（2019·天津部分区二模）

话题：

破解基因

难度：

★★★

建议用时：

8分

Hackingisn’tjustforcomputersandsmartphones.Accordingtoastudy，scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.Someday，theresultscouldincreasethenumberoffoodsproducedaroundtheworld.

Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.Hackedplantsarelargerthannormalplants.

Photosynthesisisthewordusedtodescribehowplantsusesunlight，waterandcarbondioxidetomaketheirownfood.Scientistssaythisisaveryslowprocess.Plantsuselessthan1percentoftheenergy.Butbyhackingaplant’sgenes，thescientistswereabletoincreasetheamountofleafgrowthonplantsbetween14and20percent.Scientistshackedtheplant’sprotectivesystem.Normally，thissystemstartswhenaplantgetstoomuchsunlight.Whentheplantsensesthelight，itcreatesmoreleaves.Whentheplantisinshade，theprotectivesystemisturnedoff.Buttheprocessisslow.

Thenewstudyspeduptheprocess.Bychangingtheplant’sgenes，theprotectivesystemturnedonandoffmorequicklythannormal.Asaresult，leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.Leafgrowthontwoplantsincreasedby20percent，whileleafgrowthonathirdplantincreasedby14percent.Scientistsconductedthestudyontobaccoplants.Buttheythinkthegeneticchangeswouldproducethesameresultsincornandrice.

AgricultureprofessorTalaAwandasaidthestudymakessense，butcautionedtheyield（产量）mightnotbequitesohighforconventionalfoodcrops.Still，sheaddedinanemail，“thisstudyremainsabreakthrough.”

语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了科学家通过研究发现了一种通过破解植物基因使其更快地利用阳光的方法，这种方法对提高粮食产量是个重大突破。

8．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoParagraph1?

A．Wecanfindhackingonlyindigitaldevices.

B．Aplant’sgenescanbechangedbyhacking.

C．Hackinghasbeenusedinimprovingfoodproduction.

D．Hackingcanbeusedtochangewhateveryouwant.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“...scientistshavefoundawaytohackaplant’sgenesinordertomakeitusesunlightmorequickly.”可知，科学家发现了一种破解植物基因的方法，可以使植物更快地利用阳光。

由此可知，植物的基因可以通过破解来改变，故B项正确。

9．Whydidscientistschoosetobaccoplantstostudy?

A．Becausetheyareveryeasytoget.

B．Becausetheirgenesareeasytochange.

C．Becausetheyarelargerthanotherplants.

D．Becausetheycanabsorbsunlightquickly.

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段第一句“Scientistsusedtobaccoplantsinthestudybecauseitiseasytochangetheplants’genes.”可知，科学家在研究中选择使用烟草植物是因为它们的基因很容易改变，故B项正确。

10．Whatdoweknowaboutphotosynthesis?

A．Ithelpsplantstoproduceenergy.

B．Itisregardedasaproductivesystemforplants.

C．Itcanincreaseleafgrowthonplantsby14percent.

D．Itismadeupofsunlight，waterandcarbondioxide.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句可知，光合作用这个词用来描述植物如何利用阳光、水和二氧化碳制造自己的食物。

由此可知，光合作用能帮助植物产生能量，故A项正确。

11．WecanlearnfromParagraph4thatchangingtheplants’genesproved.

A．uselessB．deadly

C．effectiveD．unrealistic

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据第四段第三句“Asaresult，leafgrowthontheplantsscientistsusedinthestudyincreased.”可知，科学家在研究中使用的植物叶片生长量增加了，由此可知，破解植物基因的方法证明是有效的，故C项正确。

D

（2019·广东揭阳二模）

话题：

真正的美丽

难度：

★★★

建议用时：

8分

You’resoyoungrightnow，butIhopethisletterwillbehelpfultoyouonedaywhenyou’reolder.Ifeelitismyresponsibility，asamotheroftwolittlegirls，toleadyoudownapaththatisrelativelyhealthywhenitcomestobeautyandselfimage.Inalotofwomen’seyes，I’v