备战高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题及答案.docx

备战高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题及答案.docx

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备战高考英语阅读理解经典压轴题及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Itstartedduringayogaclass.Shefeltastrangepullonherneck,afeelingcompletelyforeigntoher.Herfriendsuggestedsherushtotheemergencyroom.Itturnedoutthatshewashavingaheartattack.

   Shedidn'tsharesimilarsymptomswithsomeonewhowaslikelytohaveaheartattack.Sheexercised,watchedherplateanddidnotsmoke.Butonreviewinghermedicalhistory,Ifoundthathercholesterol（胆固醇）levelwassky-high.Shehadbeenprescribedacholesterol-loweringstatin（他汀）medication,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstatinsontheInternet.Shewasthevictimoffakemedicalnews.

   Whilemisinformationhasbeentheobjectofgreatattentioninpolitics,medicalmisinformationmightleadtoanincreaseindeaths.Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.

   Falsemedicalinformationcanalsoleadtopatientsexperiencinggreatersideeffectsthroughthe"noceboeffect（反安慰剂效应）".Sometimespatientsbenefitfromanintervention（干预）simplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that'stheplaceboeffect（安慰剂效应）.Thenoceboeffectistheopposite.Patientscanexperienceharmfuleffectsbecausetheyanticipatethem.Thisisverytrueofstatins.Inblindedtrials,patientswhogetstatinsarenomorelikelytoreportfeelingmuscleachesthanpatientswhogetaplacebo.Yet,inclinicalpractice,accordingtoonestudy,almostafifthofpatientstakingstatinsreportsideeffects,leadingmanytodiscontinuethedrugs.

   Whatelseisonthefakenewshitlist?

Asalways,vaccines（疫苗）.Falseconcernsthatthevaccinemaycausesideeffectshavegreatlyreducedcoveragerates.

   Cancerisanotherbigtargetforpushersofmedicalmisinformation—manyofwhomrefusealternativetherapies."Thoughmostpeoplethinkcancertumorsarebad,they'reactuallythewayyourbodyattemptstocontaintheharmfulcells,"onefakenewsstoryreads.Itwarnsthatprescriptionmedicationsleadtotheuncontrolledcellmutations（变异）.

   SiliconValleyneedstofacethisproblem.Iamnotafree-speechlawyer,butwhenhumanhealthisatrisk,perhapssearchengines,socialmediaplatformsandwebsitesshouldbeheldresponsibleforpromotingorhostingfakeinformation.Meanwhile,journalistsshoulddoabetterjobofspreadingaccurateinformation.

（1）WecanlearnfromParagraph2that________.

A. thewomanpaidlittleattentiontoherdailydiets

B. theunhealthylifestylemightleadtothewoman'sheartattack

C. thesymptomoftheheartattackwasfamiliartothewoman

D. thewomandidn'ttaketheprescriptionduetofakemedicalnews

（2）Accordingtothepassage,theplaceboeffectfunctionsbecausepatients________.

A. neglectnecessarytreatment                           

B. discontinuetheharmfuldrugs

C. believethebenefitsofanintervention          

D. suffermoresideeffects

（3）Whatdoestheauthormeanbyclaimingthat"heisnotafree-speechlawyer"inthelastparagraph?

A. Heisalawyerveryeasytospeakto.

B. Heisgoodatspeakingbecauseofhisjob.

C. Heisavailabletogiveaspeechonthelaw.

D. Heisverycautiouswhenspeakingsomething

（4）Themainpurposeofthepassageisto________.

A. remindustotakemedicationasprescribed

B. warnusagainstfakemedicalnewsontheInternet

C. encouragejournaliststoreportmorepositivenewsevents

D. teachushowtodistinguishfakemedicalnewsontheInternet

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）D

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，通过举例来论证了网络谣言，尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的”...,butsheneverpickeduptheprescriptionbecauseofthescarythingsshehadreadaboutstainsontheInternet."她从来没有拿过这个处方，因为她在网上看到关于他汀的可怕事情，可知，由于虚假的医疗信息，这名女子没有服用那个处方药。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Sometimespatientsbenefitfromaninterventionsimplybecausetheybelievetheywill—that'stheplaceboeffect.”有时患者从干预中获益仅仅是因为他们相信他们会——这就是安慰剂效应，可知，安慰剂效应的作用是因为患者相信干预的好处。

故选C。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据最后一段中的“Iamnotafree-speechlawyer,butwhenhumanhealthisatrisk,perhapssearchengines,socialmediaplatformsandwebsitesshouldbeheldresponsibleforpromotingorhostingfakeinformation.”我不是一个言论自由的律师，但当人类健康受到威胁时，或许搜索引擎、社交媒体平台和网站应该为推广或提供虚假信息负责，可知，他不赞成随口造谣、传谣的，同时他说话很谨慎。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Asistruewithfakenewsingeneral,medicalliestendtospreadfurtherthantruthsontheInternet—andtheyhaveveryrealbadconsequences.”就像假新闻一样，医学上的谎言在网络上传播得比真相还远，而且后果非常严重；以及文章中的例子可知，全文的主要目的是通过举例来论证了网络谣言，尤其是关于药物的网络谣言有巨大的杀伤力，来教我们如何辨别网上的假医疗新闻。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   AsthePresidentofArielInvestments,Iamoftenaskedhowtocultivate（培养）greenhandstobequalifiedforanewjobwithinashorttime.MymemoriestakemestraightbacktothedayswhenIworkedforJohnW.Rogers.

   Whileincollege,Iworkedasanintern（实习生）atArielInvestments.Astheyoungestgirlofsixkidsfromasinglemom,Ihadverylittleknowledgeofthebusinessworld.WhenIgraduated,Idecidedtoreturntothecompanytoimprovemyself.

   Attheageof22,myperspectivewasgreatlyinfluencedbylunchingwiththecompany'sfounderandthen-president,JohnW.Rogers.HetoldmethatIwouldoftenfindmyselfinthecompanyofrichandsuccessfulpeoplewithbigtitles,lotsofdegreesandlotsofexperience.Andyet,myideascouldstillbeasgoodorevenbetter,hesaid.Thisearlyadvicebecametheguidingforcethathashelpedmethroughoutmyentirecareer.WhenIwasstartingout,Ithoughtmyinexperiencewasholdingmeback,butJohnsaidthatitwasagoodthing.Hetoldmethatbeinginexperiencedmeansthatyouhaveafreshpointofview.

   Asmytutor,Johnencouragedmetobebrave.Asmyboss,hetooksomegiantleapsoffaithtosupportme.Becauseofourfirstlunchandtheyearsofsupportthatfollowed,Ineverthoughttwiceaboutspeakingup,raisingmyhandortakingaseatatthetable.Stayinginthebackgroundwasneverachoice.ButJohn'sadvicecamewithoneimportantwarning.Ineededtokeepmyattitudeincheck.It'sonethingtobefirmbutquiteanothertoberude.Similarly,thereisafinelinebetweenconfidenceandoverconfidence.Withthatinmind,IhavehadtolearntobalancethewayIactaroundothers.Assomeoneoncetoldme,"thegoalistobenon-threatenedandnon-threateningatthesametime."

（1）Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthetext?

A.ShewenttoArielInvestmentsaftergraduationforpractice.

B.Shemadehervoiceheardwithencouragementfromherboss.

C.Hermiserablechildhoodhadanegativeeffectonherwork.

D.Herperformanceduringinternshipwashighlypraisedinpublic.

（2）DuetoJohnW.Rogers'advice,theauthor_______.

A.learnedtostrikeabalancebetweenworkandlife

B.contributedherideasonlyafterlisteningtoothers'

C.nolongerfeltlostandbecameawareofherownvalue

D.switchedtoadifferentcompanytodisplayhertalent

（3）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.KeepYourAttitudeunderControl.

B.EncourageYourEmployeestoGrow.

C.LetYourSuccessBeYourNoise.

D.LiveaLifewithaHighGoal.

（4）Whowouldprobablybenefitmostfromthisarticle?

A.Companybosses.

B.Thosenewtoajob.

C.Businessconsultants.

D.Experiencedteammates.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作为实习生，作者在实习期间受到公司的创始人、董事长JohnW.Rogers深深地影响，JohnW.Rogers鼓励作者要敢于思考、发表自己的想法，也鼓励作者要勇敢，因为JohnW.Rogers，作者也学习到"要有锋芒却不伤人"。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Attheageof22,myperspectivewasgreatlyinfluencedbylunchingwiththecompany'sfounderandthen-president,JohnW.Rogers."作者22岁时的想法被JohnW.Rogers极大地影响，故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"myideascouldstillbeasgoodorevenbetter,hesaid.Thisearlyadvicebecametheguidingforcethathashelpedmethroughoutmyentirecareer."JohnW.Rogers说作者的想法可以很好甚至可以更好，这些建议对于作者整个职业生涯造成了非常大的影响，这些影响使得作者不再感到迷茫，同时也开始意识到自己的价值。

故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据最后一段中的"‘Withthatinmind,IhavehadtolearntobalancethewayIactaroundothers.Assomeoneoncetoldme,’thegoalistobenon-threatenedandnon-threateningatthesametime."可知，作者通过自己的经历告诉读者，要平衡自信与自负之间的关系，而且曾经有人告诉作者"要有锋芒，但也不要伤人"，即能控制自己的态度，总结概括了文章的主旨。

故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

第一段提到作者非常擅长培养新手，同时作者也回忆了自己在做实习生时的上司对作者的指导，这些对于刚入职场的人而言都是非常好的工作经验，因此这篇文章特别适合职场新手。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Whattodoifyoufindasick,injuredorabandonedwildanimal.

   Generaltips

   Don'tremoveananimalfromitsnaturalhabitat（theanimalmaynotneedassistance,andyoucoulddomoreharmthangood）.

   Checktheanimalperiodicallyfor24-48hours.

   Keepyourdistance.

   Younganimals/babies

   Ifyoufindanabandonedyounganimal,separatedfromadultsorleftonitsown—keepcatsanddogsawayandlimitnoise.

   Anadultmaynotreturnifitisnoisyorifpeoplearecloseby.

   Gethelpforawildanimal

   InOntario,wildliferehabilitators（复健员）areauthorizedbytheMinistryofNaturalResourcesandForestrytoprovidetemporarycaretosick,injuredandabandonedwildlifesoitcanbereturnedtothewild.Rehabilitatorscommitsignificanttimeandresources,andmanyseekdonationstoassistwiththeirwork.

   Everyeffortismadebywildliferehabilitatorstoensurewildlifeintheircaredonotbecometame（驯服）.

   Findawildliferehabilitator

   Togethelpforasick,injuredorabandonedanimal,youcancontact:

anauthorizedwildliferehabilitatoryourlocalMinistryofNaturalResourcesandForestrydistrictoffice

   Healthrisks

   Ifyoucomeacrosssickordiseasedwildlifeandyoususpectthereisapublichealthrisk（suchasWestNilevirus）,contactyourregionalorlocalhealth