上大综英和答案.docx

上大综英和答案.docx

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上大综英和答案

上海大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：

综合英语

SECTION1:

READINGCOMPREHENSION（45points）

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillfindtwopassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbysome

questions.Readthepassagescarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsinyourownwordsonyour

AnswerSheet.Pleasenotethateachresponseshouldbelimitedtolessthantenwordsinorderto

bevalid.

Questions1~5

AnessaythatappealschieflytotheintellectisFrancisBacon’s“OfStudies.”Hiscareful

tripartitedivisionofstudiesexpressedsuccinctlyinaphoristicprosedemandsthecomplete

attentionofthemindofthereader.Heconsidersstudiesastheyshouldbe:

forpleasure,for

self-improvement,andforbusiness.Heconsiderstheevilsofexcessstudy:

laziness,affectation,

andpreciosity.Bacondividesbooksintothreecategories:

thosetobereadinpart,thosetoberead

cursorily,andthosetobereadwithcare.Studiesshouldincludereading,whichgivesdepth,

speakingwhichaddsreadinessofthought,andwritingwhichtrainsinpreciseness.Somewhat

mistakenly,theauthorascribescertainvirtuestoindividualfieldsofstudy:

wisdomtohistory,wit

topoetry,subtletytomathematicsanddepthtonaturalphilosophy.Bacon’sfour-hundred-word

essay,studdedwithLatinphrasesandhighlycompressedinthought,hasintellectualappeal

indeed.

1.WhatisBacon’stripartitedivisionofstudies?

2.Whatdoestheword“affectation”（Line4）mean?

3.WhatisBacon’scriterionfordividingbooksintothreecategories?

4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkaboutBacon’sascribingcertainvirtuestoindividualfieldsof

study?

5.WhatcharacterizesBacon’s“OfStudies”?

Questions6~15

Forme,scientificknowledgeisdividedintomathematicalsciences,naturalsciencesor

sciencesdealingwiththenaturalworld（physicalandbiologicalsciences）,andsciencesdealing

withmankind（psychology,sociology,allthesciencesofculturalachievements,everykindof

historicalknowledge）.Apartfromthesesciencesisphilosophy,aboutwhichwewilltalklater.In

thefirstplace,allthisispureortheoreticalknowledge,soughtonlyforthepurposeof

understanding,inordertofulfilltheneedtounderstandwhatisintrinsicandconsubstantialtoman

Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimalisthatheknowsandneedstoknow.Ifmandidnotknow

thattheworldexisted,andtheworldwasofacertainkind,thathewasintheworldandthathe

himselfwasofacertainkind,hewouldn’tbeman.Thetechnicalaspectsofapplicationsof

knowledgeareequallynecessaryformanandareofthegreatestimportance,becausetheyalso

contributetodefininghimasmanandpermithimtopursuealifeincreasinglymoretrulyhuman.

Butevenwhileenjoyingtheresultsoftechnicalprogress,hemustdefendtheprimacyand

autonomyofpureknowledge.Knowledgesoughtdirectlyforitspracticalapplicationswillhave

immediateandforeseeablesuccess,butnotthekindofimportantresultwhoserevolutionaryscope

isinlargepartunforeseen,exceptbytheimaginationoftheUtopians.Letmerecallawell-known

example.IftheGreekmathematicianshadnotappliedthemselvestotheinvestigationofconic

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section,zealouslyandwithouttheleastsuspicionthatitmightsomedaybeuseful,itwould

nothavebeenpossiblecenturieslatertonavigatefarfromshore.Thefirstmentostudythenature

ofelectricitycouldnotimaginethattheirexperiments,carriedonbecauseofmereintellectual

curiosity,wouldeventuallyleadtomodernelectricaltechnology,withoutwhichwecanscarcely

conceiveofcontemporarylife.Pureknowledgeisvaluableforitsownsake,becausethehuman

spiritcannotresignitselftoignorance.But,inaddition,itisthefoundationforpracticalresults

thatwouldnothavebeenreachedifthisknowledgehadnotbeensoughtdisinterestedly.

6.Whatdoesscientificknowledgeconsistof?

7.Wheredomostimportantadvancesmadebymankindcomefrom?

8.Doestheauthorincludethestudyofliteratureamongthesciences?

9.Whatmayweexpecttheauthortodiscussintheparagraphthatfollowsthispassage?

10.Whatdistinguishesmanfromanimal?

11.Whatdoesmanseekpureortheoreticalknowledgefor?

12.WeretheGreekswhostudiedconicsectionsawareofthevalueoftheirstudies?

13.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

14.Doesthepracticalscientistknowthevalueofwhathewilldiscover?

15.Whatdoestheword“disinterestedly”（Lastlineofthispassage）probablymean?

SECTION2:

CLOZE（25points）

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillfindapassagewith25wordsmissing.Readthepassage

carefullyandthenfillineachoftheblankswithONEsuitableword.Remembertowriteyour

responsesonyourAnswerSheet.

Iliketheidea__

（1）__“theEnglish（language）islikeanEnglishpark,whichis__

（2）__out

Seeminglywithoutanydefiniteplan,andin__（3）__youareallowedtowalk

everywhere__（4）__toyourfancy__（5）__havingtofearasternkeeperenforcingrigorous

regulations.”Considerthatthesameculturalsoil,theCeltic-Roman-Saxon-Danish-Norman

almalgam,which__（6）__theEnglishlanguagealsonourishedthegreatprinciplesoffreedomand

rightsof__（7）__inthemodernworld.Thefirstshoots__（8）__upinEnglandandtheygrew

strongerin__（9）__.Churchillcalled__（10）__“thejointinheritanceoftheEnglish-speaking

world.”Attheverycoreofthose__（11）__arepopularconsentandresistance__（12）__arbitrary

authority;botharefundamentalcharacteristicsoftheEnglishlanguage.TheEnglish-speaking

peoplehavedefeatedalleffortstobuild__（13）__aroundtheirlanguage,todefer__（14）__an

academy

onwhatwaspermissibleEnglishand__（15）__not.Theyhavedecidedforthemselves.

Nothingbetterexpressesresistancetoarbitrary__（16）__thanthepersistenceof__（17）__

grammarianshavedenouncedforcenturies__（18）__“errors.”Inthecommonspeechof

English-speakingpeoples—Americans,Englishmen,Canadians,Australians,NewZealanders,and

others—theseusagespersist,__（19）__risingliteracyandwidereducation.Wehearthese“errors”

everyday,__（20）__as“Idon’twantnoneofthat,”“Don’tmakethatanymoreheavier,”and“Will

youlearnmetoread?

”Theyhavebeen__（21）__usforatleastfourhundredyears,becauseyou

canfindeachoftheminsuchworksas“Hamlet”and“Othello”by__（22）__.Hiddeninthisisa

simplefact:

theEnglishlanguageisnotthespecialprivate__（23）__ofthelanguagepolice,or

grammarians,orteachers,orevengreatwriters.Thegeniusof__（24）__isthatithasalwaysbeen

thetongueofthe__（25）__people,literateornot.Englishbelongstoeverybody!

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SECTION3:

TRANSLATION（30points）

PartA:

English-ChineseTranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseandwriteyourversiononyour

AnswerSheet.

TheRiseofRealism

BetweentheworkofHawthorneandMelville,themajornovelistsofthe1850s,andthework

ofTwain,JamesandHowells,themajornovelistsofthelastquarterofthecentury,fallsthe

shadowoftheAmericanCivilWar（1861—1865）.InhisfamousGettysburgaddressAbraham

Lincolndescribedtheconflictintermsofepicsimplicity:

Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfatherssetforthonthiscontinentanewnation,conceived

inlibertyanddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedina

greatcivilwar,testingwhetherthisnation,oranyothernationsoconceivedandsodedicatedcan

longendure.Intheevent,thewarshowedthatthenationcouldendure－butonlyinapermanently

changedand,insomerespects,adeeplyscarredform.

TheresultoftheCivilWarwasnotjustthetriumphoftheabolitionistsovertheslave-owners

ItwasalsothetriumphoftheindustrialNorthovertheagrarianSouth.Despitethemuch-vaunted

programof“Reconstruction，”theSouthernstateslongremainedravagedanddispiritedterritory;

thewarleftalegacyofbitternessthathasnotyetdisappearedfromAmericanpolitics.IntheNorth

ontheotherhand,theaftermathofwarbroughtfinancialboom.TheNorth'sprosperitywas

increasedbyrapidmechanizationandindustrialization,itspopulationswelledbynewinfluxesof

foreignimmigrants.TocontemporaryobserverscitieslikeBoston,NewYork,Philadelphiaand

Chicagopresentedadoubleimage.Onthesurfacetherewaselegance,securityandcomfort;but

underneaththerewasalltheseethingdiscontentwhichaccompaniesthegrowthofanymodern

industrialsociety.

PartB:

Chinese-EnglishTranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourversiononyour

AnswerSheet.

无人知是荔枝来

在京欲食鲜荔枝者，上周可在果摊觅得。

其上市系一新景；盖归功于华南种荔枝者日增，

与北来运输业之改善。

若干世纪之前，来京华之荔枝仅限帝王及皇室所享用者。

据传，荔枝在一代帝王之“后

宫轶事”中，分量不轻。

或曰，荔枝之形貌、醇香、及其甘美回味，均非其他果类所可与伦比。

红皮之内，果肉

晶莹，含汁欲滴，内核椭圆，呈棕色，光滑似佛珠。

或曰，荔枝在传说及诗歌中所占之地位，亦非其他果类所可与伦比。

试举一例。

早在唐初，荔枝已属享有盛名之美味。

玄宗之宠杨贵妃，嗜之尤甚。

玄宗为取悦贵妃，

差人南下，将荔枝送回长安。

有鉴于炎夏荔枝易腐，玄宗乃下令，将荔枝密封于竹管内，标以“军机急件”之类字样，

由驿站辗转送抵京城，骑者信以为真。

凡怠慢者，处以死刑，故骑者与马匹常有累死于途中

者。

唐代诗人杜牧，有感于此，命笔成诗，诗曰：

“长安回望绣成堆，山顶千门次第开。

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一骑红尘妃子笑，无人知是荔枝来。

”

贵妃之笑，并不长久。

玄宗之荒淫与玩忽国事，激怒一将军，于是兵变起…玄宗遂令一

太监，扼死贵妃云云。

贵妃之悲剧，固非全然起因于酷爱荔枝。

但此段传闻可使人明瞭，当年荔枝保鲜，殊非

易事。

SECTION4:

WRITING（50points）

Directions:

Inthissection,youaretowriteacompositionofnolessthan500wordsonthe

topic“ShanghaiUniversityIsMyChoice.”Remembertowriteyourcompositionclearlyand

convincinglyonyourAnswerSheet

参考答案

上海大学2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目：

综合英语

SECTION1:

READINGCOMPREHENSION（45points）

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillfindtwopassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbysome

qu