高校英语四级阅读理解练习题Word文件下载.docx
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therefore,(55)_____variationbecomesamajormanagementtask.
Thefunctionofthefeedbackistoprovide(56)______linkages.Withoutsomefeedbackofinformation,managementpersonnelcannotcontroloperationsbecausetheydontknowtheresultsoftheirdirections.
A)offer
B)capital
C)medium
D)difficult
E)varies
F)differently
G)proposal
H)transformationI)beautifully
J)economic
K)reducing
L)internal
M)inputs
N)afford
O)information
SectionB
Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.
PassageOne
Questions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Mostofthepeoplewhoappearmostoftenandmostgloriouslyinthehistorybooksaregreatconquerorsandgeneralsandsoldiers,whereasthepeoplewhoreallyhelpedcivilizationforwardareoftennevermentionedatall.Wedonotknowwhofirstsetabrokenleg,orlaunchedaseaworthyboat,orcalculatedthelengthoftheyear,ormanured(施肥)afield;
butweknowallaboutthekillersanddestroyers.Peoplethinkagreatdealofthem,somuchsothatonallthehighestpillarsinthegreatcitiesoftheworldyouwillfindthefigureofaconquerororageneralorasoldier.AndIthinkmostpeoplebelievethatthegreatestcountriesarethosethathavebeateninbattlethegreatestnumberofothercountriesandruledoverthemasconquerors.Itisjustpossibletheyare,buttheyarenotthemostcivilized.
Animalsfight;
sodosavages(野蛮人);
hencetobegoodatfightingistobegoodinthewayinwhichananimalorasavageisgood,butitisnottobecivilized.Evenbeinggoodatgettingotherpeopletofightforyouandtellingthemhowtodoitmostefficiently---this,afterall,iswhatconquerorsandgeneralshavedone---isnotbeingcivilized.Peoplefighttosettlequarrels.Fightingmeanskilling,andcivilizedpeoplesoughttobeabletofindsomewayofsettlingtheirdisputesotherthanbyseeingwhichsidecankilloffthegreaternumberoftheotherside,andthensayingthatthatsidewhichhaskilledmosthaswon.Anditnotonlyhaswon,but,becauseithaswon,hasbeenintheright.Forthatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;
itmeanssayingthatmightisright.
Thatiswhatthestoryofmankindhasonthewholebeenlike.Evenourownagehasfoughtthetwogreatestwarsinhistory,inwhichmillionsofpeoplewerekilledordisabled.Andwhiletodayitistruethatpeopledonotfightandkilleachotherinthestreets---while,thatistosay,wehavegottothestageofkeepingtherulesandbehavingproperlytoeachotherindailylife---nationsandcountrieshavenotlearnttodothisyet,andstillbehavelikesavages.
57.Intheopeningsentencetheauthorindicatesthat________.
A)mosthistorybookswerewrittenbyconquerors,generalsandsoldiers.
B)thosewhotrulyhelpedcivilizationforwardisrarelymentionedinhistorybooks.
C)historybooksfocusmoreonconquerorsthanonthosewhohelpedcivilizationforward.
D)conquerors,generalsandsoldiersshouldnotbementionedinhistorybooks.
58.Intheauthor’sopinion,thecountriesthatruledoveralargenumberofothercountriesare________.
A)certainlyboththegreatestandthemostcivilized
B)neitherthemostinfluentialnorthemostcivilized.
C)possiblythemostcivilizedbutnotthemostpowerful.
D)likelythegreatestinsomesensebutnotthemostcivilized.
59.Themeaningof“Thatiswhatgoingtowarmeans;
itmeanssayingthatmightisright.”(LastsentenceofParagraph2)isthat________.
A)thosewhofightbelievethatthewinnerisrightandtheloserwrong.
B)onlythosewhoarepowerfulhavetherighttogotowar.
C)thosewhoarerightshouldfightagainstthosewhoarewrong.
D)inawaronlythosewhoarepowerfulwillwin.
60.Inthethirdparagraph,whattheauthorwantstoconveytousisthat________.
A)WorldWarIandWorldWarIIaredifferentfrompreviouswars.
B)ourageisnotmuchbetterthanthoseofthepast.
C)moderntimeisnotsocivilizedcomparedwiththepast.
D)wehavefoughtfewerwarsbutsufferedheaviercasualties.
61.Thispassageismostlikelytakenfromanarticleentitled________.
A)WarandWorldPeace
B)CreatorsofCivilization
C)CivilizationandHistory
D)WhoShouldBeRemembered
PassageTwo
Questions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Themotorvehiclehaskilledanddisabledmorepeopleinitsbriefhistorythananybomborweaponeverinvented.Muchofthebloodonthestreetflowsessentiallyfromuncivilbehaviorofdriverswhorefusetorespectthelegalandmoralrightsofothers.Sothemassacreontheroadmayberegardedasasocialproblem.
Infact,theenemiesofsocietyonwheelsareratherharmlesspeopleorordinarypeopleactingcarelessly,youmightsay.Butitisaprinciplebothoflawandcommonmoralitythatcarelessnessisnoexcusewhenonesactionscouldbringdeathordamagetoothers.Aminorityofthekillersgoevenbeyondcarelessnesstototalnegligence.
Researchershaveestimatedthatasmanyas80percentofallautomobileaccidentscanbeattributedtothepsychologicalconditionofthedriver.Emotionalupsetscandistortdriversreactions,slowtheirjudgment,andblindthemtodangersthatmightotherwisebeevident.Theexpertswarnthatitisvitalforeverydrivertomakeaconsciousefforttokeeponesemotionsundercontrol.
Yettheirresponsibilitythataccountsformuchoftheproblemisnotconfinedtodrivers.Streetwalkersregularlyviolatetrafficregulations;
theyareatfaultinmostvehiclewalkeraccidents.Andmanycyclistsevenbelievethattheyarenotsubjecttothebasicrulesoftheroad.
Significantlegaladvanceshavebeenmadetowardssaferdrivinginthepastfewyears.Safetystandardsforvehiclehavebeenraisedbothatthepointofmanufactureandthroughperiodicroad-worthinessinspections.Inaddition,speedlimitshavebeenlowered.Duetothesemeasures,theaccidentratehasdecreased.Buttheaccidentexpertsstillworrybecausetherehasbeenlittleornoimprovementinthewaydriversbehave.Theonlyrealandlastingsolution,saytheexperts,istoconvincepeoplethatdrivingisaskilledtaskrequiringconstantcareandconcentration.Thosewhofailtodoallthesethingsposeathreattothosewithwhomtheysharetheroad.
62.Theword“massacre”inline3paragraphonemeans_____
A)mass-killing.
B)disaster.
C)tragedy.
D)accident.
63.Whatistheauthorsmainpurposeinwritingthepassage?
A)Toshowthatthemotorvehicleisaverydangerousinvention.
B)Topromoteunderstandingbetweencarelessdriversandstreetwalkers.
C)Todiscusstrafficproblemsandproposepossiblesolutions.
D)Towarndriversoftheimportanceofsafedriving.
64.Accordingtothepassage,trafficaccidentsmayberegardedasasocialproblembecause_____.
A)autoshavebecomemostdestructivetomankind
B)peopleusuallypaylittleattentiontolawandmorality
C)civilizationbringsmuchharmtopeople
D)thelackofvirtueisbecomingmoresevere
65.WhydoestheauthormentionthepsychologicalconditionofthedriverinParagraphThree?
A)Togiveanexampleofthevariousreasonsforroadaccidents.
B)Toshowhowimportantitisfordriverstobeemotionallyhealthy.
C)Toshowsomeoftheinaccurateestimationsbyresear