厦门大学阅读及英美文学语言学基础真题.docx

厦门大学阅读及英美文学语言学基础真题.docx

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厦门大学阅读及英美文学语言学基础真题

厦门大学2003年招收攻读硕士学位研究生

入学考试试题

招生专业英语语言文学考试课程阅读及英美文学、语言学417

研究方向_________________

注意：

答案必须标明题号，按序写在专用答题纸上，写在本试卷上或草稿纸上者一律不给分。

PartOneReadingComprehension70points

Directions:

Eachpassageisfollowedbyquestionsbasedonitscontent.Afterreadingthepassage,choosethebestanswertoeachquestion.Answerallquestionsfollowingthepassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassage.

Passage1

Theplaceofthechildinsocietyhasvariedforthousandsofyearsandhasbeenaffectedbydifferentculturesandreligions.Inancienttimesunwantedchildrenwereoccasionallyabandoned,puttodeath,exploited,orofferedforreligioussacrifices,andinanyeventalargepercentageofthemdidn’tsurvivetheirphysicallyhazardousexistencetoachievematurity.

InWesterncivilizationwithinthelastfewhundredyears,therehavebeenmanychangesinattitudetowardtheyoung.InagriculturalEurope,andlaterwiththebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolution,thechildrenofthepoorworkedlonghoursforlittleornopay,andtherewasnopublicconcernfortheirsafetyorwelfare.Punishmentcouldbebrutalandsevere,andsometimesreligiouspassionswereexpressedviolentlywithaviewtowardsavingthechild'ssoul.

Bytheeighteenthcenturytheharsh,deterministic,doctrinairemethodsbegantoshowsomechange.Societyslowlyaccordedchildrenaroleofmoreimportance.Bookswerewrittenexpresslyforthemandgraduallylawswerepassedfortheirprotection.

Inthepastfewdecadesparentshavebecomemoreattentivetotheneedsoftheirchildren.Betterhealthcareisavailableandeducationisnolongerreservedforalimitedfew.Withsomanynowabletogotocollege,manyeducatorsfeelthatwehavetoomanystudentsandtoofewcompetentscholars.Somesaythependuluminchildrearinghasswungsofartowardpermissivenessthatmanychildrenaregrowingupalienatedfromsocietyandwithnorespectforlaworparentalauthority.

Thetendencytodayisforteachersandparentstoemphasizeindividualresponsibilityandtostressthateducationalgoalsforstudentsshouldbetailoredtotheirchosenvocationsratherthanprovideageneralizedhighereducation.

1.Whatdoesthearticlesayaboutchildren?

A.Theyhavealwaysbeenthehopeofmankind.

B.Incertainperiodsofhistorynoonecaredaboutthem.

C.Inthemid-eighteenthcenturywesternattitudestowardchildrenbegantochange.

D.Therewerelawsbarringchildlaborduringtheindustrialrevolution.

2.Whatdoesthearticlesayaboutchildreninancienttimes?

A.Theywereoftencruellybeaten.

B.Attimestheywereusedassacrificialofferings.

C.Peoplewhodidn'twantchildrenusuallymurderedthem.

D.Thoughtheywereabusedorneglectedbytheirparents,childrensurvivedtoadulthoodwithlittledifficulty.

3.Whatchangeshaveoccurredinthepastfewdecadeswithregardtothechild'splaceinsociety?

A.Childraisinghasbecomemorepermissive.

B.Publichealthcarehasimprovedsomuchthatchildrennowneednoparticularhealthcare.

C.Childrenarebecomingmoreintelligent.

D.Childrenarebecomingmorerespectfultowardtheirparents.

4.Whatisthepresenttrendinchilddisciplineandeducation?

A.Givingasmanyyoungpeopleaspossibleapopulargeneralizedcollegeeducation.

B.Creatingmoreregimentationoftheindividual.

C.Teachingchildrentoconformtorigorousrules.

D.Emphasizingindividualresponsibility.

Passage2

Manyexperimentalcarshavebeendesignedasone-of-a-kindmodelstobeshownprivatelyorpresentedinautoshows,butneverproducedforactualsale.Onepurposeofsuchcarsistotestconsumerreactiontothevariousfeaturesshown.Theyarealsotheresultsofinspiredaswellasinnovativeideasdevelopedintheautomaker’sworkshops.Oneexperimentalcar,theFirebirdbyGeneralMotors,hadasinglestickcontrolsystemeliminatingtheconventionalsteeringwheel,brakepedalandaccelerator.Movingthesticktorightsteeredthecarinthosedirections.Pushingforwardacceleratedthecarandpullingbackappliedthebrakes.Thecontrolstickwasinthecenterofthefrontcompartmentandeitherthedriverorthepassengercouldoperateit.

5.Inthisparagraphwhatismeantbyanexperimentalcar?

A）Adisplaycarthatcustomerscanhavemadetoorder

B）Onethatthecompanywillproduceinvolumethefollowingyear

C）Acartosuitthetastesoftheverywealthy.

D）Acartotestpublicreactiontonewfeatures.

6.WhatwassaidabouttheFirebirdputoutbyGeneralMotors?

A）Itimmediatelyprovedtobeimmenselypopular.

B）Itwasacarthatcouldbemaneuveredwiththeuseoffewerknobsandpedalsthanconventionalcars.

C）Itwasanewsystemthatwaspracticallyfoolproof.

D）Itgavethedriverasenseofsecurity.

7.Whatdothemanufacturersaccomplishbymakingexperimentalcars?

A）Theycantestoutnewdesignideasconceivedintheengineeringdepartment.

B）Theyareusedtodeceivetheircompetitorsaboutthedirectionoftheirfuturedesigns.

C）Theyaredisplayedtoshowpeoplehowbizarreindesigntheymaybecome.

D）Theyservetooccupythesparetimeofdesignengineersduringslackseasons.

Passage3

One-roomschoolsarepartoftheUnitedStates,andthementionofthemmakespeoplefeelavaguelongingfor"thewaythingswere."One-roomschoolsareanendangeredspecies,however.Formorethanahundredyearsone-roomschoolshavebeensystematicallyshutdownandtheirstudentssentawaytocentralizedschools.Asrecentlyas1930therewere149,000one-roomschoolsintheUnitedStates.By1970therewere1,800.Today,ofthenearly800remainingone-roomschools,morethan350areinNebraska.Therestarescatteredthroughafewotherstatesthathaveontheirroadmapswide-spacesbetweentowns.

Nowthattherearehardlyanyleft,educatorsarebeginningtothinkthatmaybethereissomethingyettobelearnedformone-roomschools,somethingthatservedthepioneersthatmightserveaswelltoday.Progressiveeducatorshavecomeupwithprogressive-soundingnameslike"peer-groupteaching"and"multi-agegrouping"foreducationalproceduresthatoccurnaturallyintheone-roomschools.Inone-roomschools,thechildrenteacheachotherbecausetheteacherisbusypartoftheTimeteachingsomeoneelse.Afourthgradercanworkatafifth-gradelevelinmathandathird-gradelevelinEnglishwithoutthestigmaassociatedwithbeingleftbackorthepressuresofbeingskippedahead.Ayoungsterwithalearningdisabilitycanfindhisorherownlevelwithoutbeingseparatedfromtheotherpupils.Inlargerurbanandsuburbanschoolstoday,thisiscalled"mainstreaming".AfewhoursisasmallschoolthathasonlyoneclassroomanditbecomesclearwhysomanyparentsfeelthatoneoftheadvantagesoflivinginNebraskaintheirchildrenhavetogotoaone-roomschool.

8.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinthepassage?

A）Todiscusspresent-dayeducationintheUnitedStates.

B）Tomentionsomeadvantagesofone-roomschools.

C）Topersuadestatestoclosedownone-roomschools.

D）TosummarizethehistoryofeducationintheUnitedStates.

9.Theauthorimpliesthatmanyeducatorsandparentstodayfeelthatone-roomschools

A）aretoosmallB）putpressureonteachers

C）aretoofarapartD）provideagoodeducation

10.Accordingtothepassage,whyareone-roomschoolsindangerofdisappearing?

A）Theyallexistinonestate.

B）Thereisnofourth-gradelevelinanyofthem.

C）Thereisatrendtowardscentralization.

D）Theyskiptoomanychildrenahead.

11.Accordingtothepassage,abouthowmanyone-roomschoolsarethereintheUnitedStatestoday?

A）149,000B）1,800C）800D）350

12.Inthesecondparagraph,whatismentionedasamajorcharacteristicoftheone-roomschoolsystem?

A）Itcausesmanychildrentobeleftback.

B）Itmustworkinconjunctionwithanurbanschool.

C）Itdoesnotallowteacherstodoanyindividualteaching.

D）Itdoesnotlimitedtoonegradelevelatatime.

13.Theattitudeoftheauthortowardone-roomschoolisoneof

A）humorB）indifferenceC）commendationD）anger

Passage4

Inthepast,evolutionarybiologistscontemplatingtheabsenceofwheelsinnatureagreedthattheexplanationwasnotundesirability;wheelswouldbegoodforanimals,justastheyareforus.Animalswerepreventedfromevolvingwheels,thebiologistsreasoned,bythefollowingdilemma:

Livingcellsinananimal’sbodyareconnectedtotheheartbybloodvessels,andtothebrainbynerves.Becausearotatingjointisessentialtoawheel,awheelmadeoflivingcellswouldtwistitsartery,vein,andnerveconnectionsatthefirstrevolution,makinglivingwheelsimpracticable.

However,thereisaflawintheargumentthattheevolutionofwheeledanimalswasthwartedbytheinsolublejointproblem.Thetheoryfailstoexplainwhyanimalshavenotevolvedwheelsofdeadtissuewithnoneedforarteriesandnerves.Countlessanimals,includingus,bearexternalstructureswithoutbloodsupplyornerves–forexample,ourhairandfingernails,orthescales,claws,andhornsofotheranimals.Whyhaveratsnotevolvedbonywheels,similartorollerskates?

Pawsmightbemoreusefulthanwheelsinsomesituations,butcat’sclawsareretractable;whynotretractablewheels?

WethusarriveattheseriousbiologicalparadoxflippantlytermedtheRRRdilemma:

nature’sfailuretoproduceratswithretractablerollerskates.

14.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

（A）EvolutionaryBiology:

NewResearchMethods

（B）HowDoLivingJointsFunction?

（C）WheelsforAnimals:

ABiologicalPossibility?

（D）TheEvol