ModelTest1知识讲解.docx

ModelTest1知识讲解.docx

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ModelTest1知识讲解

Model-Test-1

NewsReportOne

TheUnitedStatescentralbankhasraisedanimportantinterestratebyone-fourthof1percent.Thefederalfundsrate,aratepaidbybanksforshort-teamloans,isnowone-halfof1percent.

JanetYellen,thefirstwomantoleadtheFederalReserveSystem,spokeaftertheannouncement.Thedecisionwasbasedonafewfactors.YellensaidEconomicgrowthisexpectedtocontinueintheU.S.Anotherreasontoincreaseinterestrates,Yellennoted,wasthelowofficialrateofinflation.Thecentralbankhassaiditstargetinflationrateis2percent.Itsaysthatratewouldhelpsupportemploymentandkeeppricesstable.However,inflationcurrentlyisnotatthetargetrate,butbelow1percent.Thefederalreservechiefalsosaidthestronglabormarketprovidedanotherreasontoraiserates.TheU.S.Economyisaddingabout20000jobseachmonth.

1.Whatisthenewsreportmainlyabout?

2.Whatdowelearnaboutthetargetinflationratesetbythecentralbank?

NewsReportTwo

ThecampaigngroupAmnestyInternationalsaysithasevidencesthatRussianairstrikesinSyriasinceSeptemberhavekilledhundredsofcivilians,causingwidespreadtobasicfacilities.AmnestysuggeststhestrikesareinviolationsofinternationalhumanitarianlawandaccusesRussiaofattemptingacover-up.Afterinterviewingwitnesses,doctorsandhumanrightsgroups,AmnestyreportsthathomesandhospitalswerehitaswellasamarketandaMuslimbuilding.Inmostcases,thelocationandtimingoftheattackscorrespondwithRussiandefenseministryreportsonairstrikesthoughitsaysitwastargetingso-calledIS.Militants.DespitedroppingthousandsofbombsinSyria,Russianofficialshaveneveracknowledgedcausinganyciviliancasualtiesthere.Therewereproudoftheireffectivepinpointsstrikesagainstterroristsandhaddismissedpreviousclaimstothecountryaspartofananti-Russianinformationwarbythewest

3.WhatdidAmnestyInternationalsayabouttheRussianairstrikes?

4.WhatwasRussia’sreactiontowardsciviliancasualties?

NewsReportThree

Roadtrafficcrasheskill1.25millionpeopleeachyearworldwide.ButtheWordHealthOrganization（WHO）saytheyarepreventable.

Thereportsurveyed180countries,anditshowsthenumberofannualdeathsfromtrafficcrashesisstabilizing.[5]Andthatisgoodnewsthenumberofmotorvehiclesgrowsworldwide.

ButthedataalsoshowthatroadcrashesaretheNo.1causeofdeathamongyoungpeopleaged15to29.Youngadultsaroundtheworldaretheworstdrivingrisks.EvenintheU.S.,driversaged15to24accountforabout30percentofalldriving-relatedaccidents.

TheWHOreportalsofindsabiggapinroadsafetyanddeathsbetweenpoorandrichcountries.Poorcountrieshaveonly54percentofworld’svehicles.Butthosecountrieshavesomeoftheworsesafetystatisticsinthereport.

‘‘Africahasonlytwopercentoftheword’svehicles,buthasthehighestdeathrateontheroad.’’ThatiswhatEtienneKrug,theheadoftheWHODepartmentofNon-communicableDiseases,says.Sweden,theNetherlandsandtheUnitedkingdomareleadersinpreventingtrafficdeaths.ThehighestdeathratesareinAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

5.Whyisthesurveyresultgoodnews?

6.Whatdoesthesurveyreportshow?

7.Whatdowelearnabouttheroadcrashesinpoorcountries?

ConversationOne

W:

Hi,Mr.Johnson.Whendoyouusuallygetup?

M:

Iusuallygetupaboutfive,andthengoforjogbeforebreakfast,Weusuallyhavebreakfastataround6:

30.ThenIhavetimetoreadthepapers.

W:

Whichpaperdoyouread?

M:

Well,theFinancialTimes,theTimesandtheIndependent.Idon’texactlyreadthemfromcovertocover.

W:

Isee.

M:

Afterreading.Ihavefortheoffice.I’musuallybehindmydeskby7:

30.Thefirstjobofthedayisthepost.Mysecretarysortsoutthoseletterswhichneedimmediateattention.Thenatabout9:

00,Ihaveadailymeetingwithmydeputy.Werunthroughtheagendafortheday.

W:

What’satypicaldaylike?

M:

Well,there’snosuchthingsasatypicalday,butIhaveregularmorningmeetingswithmyFinanceandSalesDirectors.Ofcourse,Itravelalot,thenIkeepup-to-datebytelephone.

W:

Whataboutlunch?

M:

Itrytohavelunchinthecompanycanteenasoftenaspossible.Ofcourse,sometimesIhavelunchoutwithsomecustomers.

W:

Whatabouttheafternoons?

M:

Ioftengodowntoourplantandseehowthingsaregoing.WehaveweeklymanagementcommitteemeetingsonFridayafternoon.Thentherearemonthlyboardmeetings,usuallythefirstMondayofthemonth.

W:

Whendoyoufinishwork?

M:

Ataboutseven.Ifthereisnothingevening,I’llgohome.Moreoftenthannot,there’sadinnerengagement.

W:

Allright,thankyouforacceptingmyinterview,Mr.Johnson.

8.WhatdoesMr.Johnsonusuallydobeforebreakfast?

9.WhatisMr.Johnson’sfirstjobinhisoffice?

10.WhatisMr.Johnson’stypicaldaylike?

11.WhatdoesMr.JohnsondoonFridayafternoon/

ConversationTwo

W:

Hello?

M:

Hi,Jessica?

W:

Oh,hi,Mike.What’sup?

M:

[12]SorrytocallyousolatbutI’mhavingtroublewiththemathassignment.

W:

Don’tworry,it’snotthatbad.ButIdohavetosaythatIhaven’tworkedthishardonanassignmentallterm.I’vealreadyspentmorethantwohoursonitandI’mstillnothalfwaythroughit.

M:

Well,that’sstillfartherthanI’vegotten.Ihavenoideaevenwheretostart.IwasthinkingaboutcallingProfessorJohnson.

W:

Now?

[13]Buttheassignment’sduetomorrow.He’llwonderwhyyouwaiteduntilnowtoaskforhelp.

M:

Thisalwayshappens.Imean,whenIfirstgottheassignment,[14]IthoughtitlookedOKandIfiguredIcoulddoitintwohours.Butnow,itturnsoutIcan’tevenfigureouthowtogetstarted.

W:

Oh…well,[15]doyouwanttocomeover?

IcouldshowyouwhatI’veworkedoutsofar,andthenwecouldworkontheresttogether.

M:

Areyousure?

Ihatetointerruptyou.Idon’twanttoholdyouback.

W:

It’sOK,I’msickofworkingonitalone.Andanyway,ifI’mthinkingoutloud,it’llprobablyhelpclarifythemostdifficultpartsforme,too.Headedforanotherbadgrade.

W:

Noproblem.

M:

Seeyouinafewminutes.

W:

Okay.Bye.

12Whydoesthemancallthewoman?

13Whenwillthespeakershavetohandintheassignment?

14Whatdoweknowabouttheman?

15Howdoesthewomanrespondtotheman’sproblem?

PassageOne

Somekindsofmentalskillsnaturallydecreaseaspeoplegetolder.[16]Yetresearchseemstoshowthatsometrainingcanimprovesuchskills.Arecentlypublishedstudyalsoappearstodemonstratethatthegoodeffectoftrainingcanlastformanyyearsafterthattraininghasended.

[17]ResearchersatJohnsHopkinsUniversityinMarylandwantedtolearnhowlongmemoryandthinkingskillswouldlastinolderpeoplewhotrainedtokeepthem.Thepeoplewerepartoftheten-yearresearchproject.Theyweretaughtmethodsmeanttoimprovetheirmemory,thinkingandabilitytoperformeverydaytasks.

Morethan2,800volunteeredforthestudy.Moststudiedwhentheywerethan70yearsold.Thevolunteerstookoneofseveralshorttrainingclassesmeanttohelpthemkeeptheirmentalabilities.Oneclasstrainedparticipantsinskillsincludinghowtorememberwordlists.Anothergrouptrainedinreasoning.[18]Athirdgroupreceivedhelpwithspeed-of-processing-speedofreceivingandunderstandinginformation.Afourthgroup-thecontrolgroupdidnotgetanytraining.

Earlierresultshadestablishedthatthetraininghelpedtheparticipantsforuptofiveyears.Now,leadstudywriterGeorgeReboksays,[19]theresearchshowedmostofthetrainingremainedeffectiveafulltenyearslater.ProfessorRebokandhisteamfoundthatthepeopletrainedinreasoningandspeed-of-processingdidbetteronteststhanthecontrolgroup.[19]Theyarewonderingwhetherthoseeffectswhichenduredovertimewouldstillbetheretenyearsfollowingthetraining,andinfast,that’sexactlywhattheyfound.

16.Whatcanimprovementalskillsaccordingtotheresearch?

17.WhatwasthepurposeofJohnsHopkinsUniversity’sresearch?

18.Whatdoesthetermspeed-of-processingreferto?

19.Whatdowelearnabouttheeffectsofmosttraining?

PassageTwo

Singaporehastopped131citiesgloballytobecometheworld’smostexpensivecitytolivethisyear,ac-cordingtotheEconomistIntelligenceUnit.[20]Thecity’sstrongcurrencycombinedwiththehighcostofrunningacarandsoaringutilitybillscontributedtoSingaporetoppingthelist.Itisalsothemostexpensiveplaceintheworldtobuyclothes.

[21]SingaporereplacesTokyo,whichtoppedthelistlastyear.OthercitiesmakingupthetopfivemostexpensivecitiestoliveinareParis,Oslo,ZurichandSydney,withTokyofallingtosixthplace.TheEIU’s

WorldwideCostofLivingSurveyisarelocationtoolthatusesNewYorkCityasabase.Itlooksatmorethan400individualprices.TheeditorofthereportJonCopestakesaid,improvingsentimentinstructurallyexpensiveEuropeancitiescombinedwiththecontinuedriseofAsiancitiesmeansthatthatthesetworegionscontinuetosupplymostoftheworld’smostexpensivecities.ButAsiancitiesalsocontinuetomakeupmanyoftheworld’scheapest,especiallyintheIndianareas.[22]MostAsiancitiesthattopthelistarethereformainlyhighercostsofgroceries.Tokyoisstillatthetopofthelistforeverydayfooditems.

20.WhatcontributedtoSingaporebeingoneoftheworld’smostexpensivecitiestolivein?

21.Whatcitytoppedthelistlastyear?

22.WhatisthemainreasonthatmostAsiancitiestopthelist?

PassageThree

[23]AccordingtonewresearchbyBritishscientists,teenswhodon’tsmoke,drinkonlymoderatelyornotatall,andwhodon’