考研英语语法曹欣Word格式文档下载.docx
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与将来事实可能相反动词过去时
Should+动词原形
Wereto+动词原形
Should/would/could/might+动词原
Ifwecaughtthe10o’clocktrain,wewouldgettherebylunchtime.
Ifwehadknownyourtelephonenumber,wewouldhavecalledyou.
Ifheweretogetintouchwithme,Icouldexplain.
A、用于表示意愿建议命令提议请求（request,demand,insist）等动词后的that宾语从句中
Sheadvisedthatweshouldkeepthegatelocked.
B、用于Itis+形容词或过去分词（advisable,commanded,essential）+主语从句中
Itisessentialthatheshouldbepreparedforthis.
C、用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词（advice,proposal,suggestion）引导的表语从句和同位语
从句
Thisistheirresolutionthatextracurriculumactivitiesshouldbemadepartoftheirschoollife.
二、特殊形式的虚拟语气
（1）由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
IwishIknewtheanswer.
Iwishitwouldstopraining.
IwishIhadn’twastedsomuchtime.
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（2）hadhoped引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失
望的事。
Hisfatherhadhopedthathissonwouldgotobusinesswithhim,buthissonbecameanartistlater.
（3）would（had）rather,wouldassoon,wouldsooner和wouldprefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示
当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。
Iwouldratheryoupostedtheletterrightaway.
Iwouldjustassoonyouhadreturnedthebookyesterday.
（4）It’s（high,about）timethat句型中that从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。
Itishightimethatweputanendtothisdiscussion.
（5）由连接词incase,lest,forfearthatsothat,unless引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should+
动词原形。
Sheputablanketoverthebabyforfearthatheshouldcatchcold.
她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。
Thebadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllestheinjurehimself.
（6）ifitwerenotfor…与现在事实相反，ifithadnotbeenfor与过去事实相反，相当于butfor：
Ifithadnotbeenforhishelp（=butforhishelp）,wewouldnothavesucceeded.
（7）虚拟语气用于asif（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句
Theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.
Shelooksasifshewouldcry.
三、特殊情况
1、虚拟条件句的倒装
HadIbeen（=IfIhadbeen）inthatsituation,Iwouldnothaveletthethiefescapeawaywithsomuch
money.
Shouldtherebe（=Ifthereshouldbe）adrought,whatshouldwedoatthattime?
2、错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句的动作发生的时间并不一致，这时谓语动词的形式应根据它所要表示的具体时间
来决定。
Ifwehadn’tbeenworkinghardinthepastfewyears,thingswouldn’tbegoingsosmoothly.
IfthePartyhadn’tledtheChinesepeopletoliberatethecountry,Chinesepeoplewouldstilllivealife
inpainandpoverty.
虚拟语气习题
1.Ienjoyedthemovieverymuch.IwishI_____thebookfromwhichitwasmade.
A.havereadB.hadreadC.shouldhavereadD.amreading
2.Youarelate.Ifyou_____afewminutesearlier,you_____him.
A.came;
WouldmeetB.hadcome;
Wouldhavemet
C.come;
WillmeetD.hadcome;
wouldmeet
3.Ican’tstandhim.Healwaystalksasthoughhe_____everything·
A.knewB.knowsC.hasknowD.hadknown
4.Hisdoctorsuggestedthathe_____shorttripabroad.
A.willtakeB.wouldtakeC.takeD.took
5.Wemighthavefailedifyou_____usahelpinghand.
A.havenotgivenB.wouldnotgiveC.hadnotgivenD.didnotgive
6.Thelawrequiresthateveryone_____hiscarcheckedatleastonceamonth.
A.hasB.haveC.hadD.willhave
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7.Hewasbusyyesterday,otherwisehe_____tothemeeting.
A.wouldcomeB.wouldhavebeenC.comeD.wouldbe
8.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasier.
A.willbeB.wouldhavebeenC.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe
9._____thefog,weshouldhavereachedourschoo1.
A.BecauseofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Butfor
10.—Whatwillyoudoduringwintervacation?
—Idon’tknow,butit’sabouttime_____something.
A.IdecidedB.I’lldecideC.I’ddecidedD.I’mdeciding
11.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwise,he_____toyourbirthdayparty.
A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.shouldcome
12.Thetwostrangerstalkedasifthey_____friendsforyears.
A.shouldbeB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.were
13.Look!
Whatyou’vedone!
You_____havebeenmorecareful.
A.shouldB.mayC.oughtD.would
14.Withoutelectricity，what_____?
A.willtheworldbelikeB.wouldtheworldbelike
C.theworldwillbelikeD.theWorldWouldbelike
15.Withyourability,you_____outthepuzzlewithinafewminutes.
A.couldhaveworkedB.needhaveworked
B.oughthaveworkedD.musthaveworked
16.Mysuggestionisthatthesickboy_____tohospitalassoonaspossible.
A.istakenB.mustbetakenC.betakenD.hastobetaken
17.Ifwehadnotmissedthebus,we_____lunchathomenow.
A.wouldhavehadB.wouldhaveC.mustbehavingD.wouldbehaving
18._____hereyesterday，hewouldattendthelecturewithustoday.
A.HadhebeenB.IfhewereC.WereheD.Shouldbehe
19.Histiredfacesuggestedthathe_____reallytiredafterthe1ongwalk.
A.hadbeenB.wasC.beD.shouldbe
20.DoyoufeelthatI_____theprobleminadifferentwaytheotherday?
A.shouldcomeB.shouldhavesolvedC.havesolvedD.solved
21.0urchairmanhasn’tcomeyet.Ifhe_____ontime,wewouldhavetoputoffthemeeting.
A.shouldcomeB.wouldcomeC.shouldn’tcomeD.doesn’tcome
22.Heinsistedthathe_____reallyverytriedandthathetohavearest.
A.was;
beallowedB.was;
mustbeallowed
C.shouldbe;
mustbeallowedD.shouldbe;
beallowed
23.Hedidhisbestineverything;
_____hewouldnothavebeenwhathewas.
A.andB.butC.otherwiseD.butthat
24.IdoIcouldgiveyouahand.
A.hopeB.wishC.expectD.think
25.IWouldrathershetomorrowthantoday.
A.comeB.cameC.shouldD.hascome
26.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybodytherules.
A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.Wouldobey
27.I_____herifIthoughtshewouldunderstand.
A.wouldtellB.willtellC.Wouldhaveto1dD.told
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28.TheteacherrequiresRose_____byheart15Englishwordseachday.
A.1earnedB.tolearnC.mustlearnD.1earning
29.—Ifhe_____,he_____thatfood.
—Luckilyhewassenttothehospita1immediate1y.
A.Waswarmed;
wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarmed;
wou1dnothavetaken
C.wouldbewarmed;
hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarmed;
hadnottaken
30.Withoutelectricityhumanlife_____quitedifferenttoday.
A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.Wouldbe
31.Wedidn'
tknowhistelephonenumber,otherwisewe_____him.
A.wouldhavetelephonedB.musthavetelephonedC.wouldtelephoneD.hadtelephoned
32.Jeandoesn'
twanttoworkrightawaybecauseshethinksthatifshe______ajobsheprobably
wouldn'
tbeabletoseeherfriendsveryoften.
A.hastogetB.hadgotC.weretogetD.couldhavegot
33.Hadheworkedharder,he_____theexams.
A.musthavegotthroughB.wouldhavegotthrough
C.wouldgetthroughD.couldgetthrough
34.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!
ifonlyI____youradvice.
A.followB.hadfollowedC.wouldfollowD.havefollowed
35.IwishI____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.
A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept
36.Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatradios______after11o'
clockatnight.
A.werenotplayedB.notbeplayedC.nottoplayD.didnotplay
37.Weareallforyourproposalthatdiscussion_____.
A.beputoffB.wasputoffC.shouldputoffD.istoputoff
38.It'
salready5o'
clocknow.Don'
tyouthinkit'
sabouttime_____?
A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft
39.Thetreelookedasifit______foralongtime.
A.hasn'
twateredB.didn'
twaterC.hadn'
tbeenwateredD.wasn'
twatered
40.Themadmanwasputinthesoft-paddedcelllesthe_____himself.
A.injureB.injuredC.hadinjureD.wouldinjure
41.Theoriescenteringontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehaviorbecausethey
werenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthro
ughinteractionswithothers.（2004年Closetest）
42.Theyshouldbequicktorespondtoletterstotheeditor,lestanimalrightmisinformationgounchall
engedandacquireadeceptiveappearanceoftruth.（2003年Text2）
43.Itwasinevitablethatthisprimacyshouldhavenarrowedasothercountriesgrewricher.（2000-1）
非谓语动词
不定式
（1）作主语：
Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.
（2）作表语：
Herjobistocleanthehall.
（3）作宾语：
Hewantstostudyabroad.
（4）作宾语补足语：
Iaskedhimtodomeafavor.
（5）作定语：
Hefoundahousetolivein.
（6）作状语：
Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.
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现在分词
1）作主语
It’sinterestingplanningaholiday.
动名词复合结构作主语时，逻辑主语不论是名词还是代词，常用属格，如：
Hergoingtherewon’tdoanyharm.
ItisnouseMary’spretendingthatshedidn’tknowtherules.
2）作表语Thejourneywithoutyouwillbeboring.
3）宾语
**动名词和不定式意义有些差别的动词：
remember,forget,try,help,mean,stop,goon等。
Irememberpostingtheletter.
Iwillremembertoposttheletter.
4）作定语Doyouknowthemanstandingoverthere?
5）作宾语补足语Inoticedhimslippingawaybeforetheendofthemeeting.
6）作状语Rushingoutoftheroom,hehasbeenknockeddownbyacar.
过去分词
1、过去分词作定语OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.
2、过去分词作表语Thewindowisbroken.
3、过去分词作宾语补足语Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.
4、过去分词作状语Praisedbytheneighbors,hebecametheprideofhisparents.
非谓语动词习题
1.Themeeting_______nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.
A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplace
2._______bytheComradeLeiFeng,wetryourbesttodogooddeeds.
A.InspiredB.BeinginspiredC.TobeinspiredD.Inspiring
3.It'
snogood_______here.Let'
sgohome.
A.towaitB.waitedC.waitingD.beingwaited
4.Ilistenedtothewind,______thathewouldnotcometonight.
A.thinkingB.tothinkC.thoughtD.beingthinking
5.Asaresultof
升级会员 