专四阅读详解 1.docx

专四阅读详解 1.docx

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专四阅读详解1

星期1Monday

Whatmakeslifedrearyisthewantofmotive.没有了原动力，生活便会沉郁无光。

学习内容

题材

词数

建议时间

错误统计

做题备忘

TextA

日常生活类

377

7分钟

/6

TextB

体育人物类

539

6分钟

/4

TextC

语言探索类

462

6分钟

/5

TextD

社会制度类

418

6分钟

/5

今日练习

TextA

InAmerica,themovementofhousingawayfromthehigh-risebuildingsoftheinnercitiesoriginatedinthe1920s,butwasstalledbytheGreatDepressionofthe1930sandbyWorldWarII.Afterthewaratremendoussurgeoccurredintherealestatemarketwiththeadventofsingle-familyhomesonrelativelysmalllots—typicallylessthanone-tenthofanacre.Duringthe1950s,manylargetractdevelopmentsinvadeformerfarmlandsnearmetropolitanareas.ThemostdramaticinstancesofthissprawlingeffectwerewitnessedinwesternmunicipalitiessuchasSanJoesandSanDiegowhosecitychartersdefinedtheirboundariesoverseveralhundredsquarekilometers.Theselargeparcelsoflandwereoverrunbystandardthreebedrooms,twobaths,and“ranch-style”homeinafewshortdecades.

Bythe1960sconstructionhaddieddownsignificantlyanddevelopersbeganbuildingdifferentkindsofplanstotryandaccommodatethechangesinthemarket.Thosewhohadtakenadvantageofthesuburbanizationtrendinthepost-waryearshadseenthevalueoftheirrealestateincreasedramaticallyandmanywereanxioustoreinvesttheirassets.Inanefforttoreapthisaffluence,certaincontractorsmovedawayfromthestandardmodelsandbegandesigninglargerbuildingsonincreasinglyspaciousparcelsevenfartherfromcitycenters.Otherbuildersbeganworkingonhomestomeettheneedsofyoungcouplesstartingnewfamilies.Thetownhouse,atwo-to-three-storeybrickandframestructurecontainingmorethan4butlessthan30unitsperstructure,wasseenasthesolution.Theseapartmentsweresuccessfulinluringmanyyoungadultcitydwellersouttothesuburbs.

Insubsequentdevelopment,traditionalsinglefamilyranch-styledesignscontinuedtobeembraced,butnewformswerealsointroduced:

thecondominium,asingle-familyattacheddwelling,suchasthetriplexandfourplex,three-and-four-familystructures;andprefabs,whichhavebecomesignificantlymorepopularduringthelast20yearsowingtotheirlowcostandeaseofconstruction.Theprefabshavetheadditionaldistinctionofbeingmobile.Itisnotuncommontoseesemi-trailershaulingthesemodularlivingunitsalongthefreewaystoremotedestinations.Inaveryrealsense,thisphenomenonmarksthecuttingedgeofsuburbanization:

amoveoutofthetraditionalsuburbsandintoareasthatwereformallyconsideredwilderness.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thelargepopulationincreasesinSanDiegoandSanJoseweredueto

[A]proximitytothecoast.

[B]excellentyear-roundweather.

[C]increasedemploymentintheareas.

[D]largeareassurroundingmetropolitanareas.

2.WhichofthefollowingisNottrueabout“ranch-style”homes?

[A]TheywerefirsthintroducedinSanJoesandSanDiego.

[B]Theyhavetwobaths.

[C]Theyhavebeenreplacedbyprefabs.

[D]Theyhavethreebedrooms.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothispassage?

[A]Theurbanizationtrendwaspartlycausedbythewarandeconomicdepression.

[B]Inthe1960s,thetownhousewaspopularespeciallywithyoungcouples.

[C]Peoplelivingincitieshavebecomefewerastheurbanizationtrendgoeson.

[D]Peoplewouldmoveoutofcitiesforbetterjobopportunities.

4.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTtrueabouttheprefabs?

[A]Theywerecheapandeasytoconstruct.

[B]Theycouldbemovedfromoneplacetoanother.

[C]Theyservedasareplacementforthetraditionalsuburbanhouses.

[D]Theybecamepopularafterthe1960s.

5.Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutfuturehousingdevelopment?

[A]Allhousingwillbemobilized.

[B]Itwillslowdownastheeconomyfalters.

[C]Themovetowardssuburbshascometoanend.

[D]Itwillcontinuetomoveawayfromthecitycenters.

6.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

[A]Real-estatefinance.[B]Suburbanhousing.

[C]Constructiontechniques.[D]Populationincrease.

TextB

WhenMichaelPhelpswas16,hestruckadealwithhismother.AnendorsementcontactwithSpeedohadmadehimagoodbitwealthierthantheaverageBaltimoreteenager,andDebbiePhelpswantedtoinstillasenseoffinancialprudenceinherson.Theyoungswimmerhadjustboughthimselfagray2000CadillacEscaladeSUV—used,notnew—andnowhewantedtotrickitupinthestyleofthehip-hopM.C.sheidolized.Debbiedidn’tobject,butshehadterms:

foreveryworldrecordMichaelbroke,hecouldaddoneoutrageouslyunnecessaryequipmenttohiscar.Itseemedlikeasmartbargain.Afterall,it’shardtobreakworldrecords.Isn’tit?

Inthreeyears,thecarhasbecomeagreat,blinkingmonumenttoPhelps’sdominanceinthewater.OnaMarchmorning,heisdrivingtobreakfastandtryingtorecallwhichtoywaspurchasedontheheelsofwhichrecord.It’stoughkeepingall11ofthemstraight.Anyway,thedealisoff.Itwasaniceidea,buthowcouldDebbiehavepredictedthatherson,akidwhowasafraidtoputhisfaceinthewaterasa6-year-old,wouldbecometheworld’sgreatestswimmersinceMarkSpitz?

There’slittlechancehewon’t.PhelpswillheadtoAthensasatopU.S.qualifierinthreedifferentdisciplines:

individualmedley,butterflyandfreestyle.Suchversatilityisunheardofinanerawhenkidsbeginspecializingattheageof12.Thenagain,Phelpshasneverbeenliketheotherkids.The19-year-oldisawillowy6feet4inches,“buthislegs,comparedtohistorso,areshort,”sayshiscoachBobBowman.“That’sagoodswimmingattributebecauseyourbodyrideslikeaboatonthewater.Thelongerthehull,thefasteritgoes.”Thentherearehisfreak-of-naturetraits,suchashiselbows,whichhyperextendagood10degreespastlevel,andhisserpentinetoes,whichare,inaword,gross.

Mentally,Phelpsishard-wiredforgreatness.Likemosttranscendentathletes,hehasanendlessappetitefortraining—heswimsevenonChristmasDay—andapreternaturalcalm.Butgreatnessisn’tenoughforhim.HewantstobetheTigerWoodsofswimming,abrandnamecapableofliftinganentiresport.Phelps’stastesarepurehip-hop—hecanquoteChappelle’sShowandrapperKanyeWestverbatim,andherarelyleaveshomewithouthisthrowbackBaltimoreOriolesbaseballcap.Buthispersonalityswingstheoppositeway.Helaughsconstantly.Heiscockybutneverprovocative.Thoughhe’sstillarelativebeginnerintheinternationalspotlight,Phelpshasalreadymasteredthefineartofbland,post-raceathletespeech.DuringapressconferencelastmonthfollowingonevictoryattheOlympictrials,heservedupthisgem:

“It’sonestepandI’mjusttakingitonestepatatime,sohopefullywe’llbeabletotakethatnextstep.”

AftertheAthensgames,PhelpswilljoinBowmanattheUniversityofMichigan,wherethecoachwilltakeoverthemen’sswimmingteamthisfall.Thetwohavebecomeuncommonlyclose;PhelpssaysBowmanis“likeabigbrother”,whichmightexplainwhytheirrelationshipseemsrootedinlovingantagonism.

7.DebbiePhelpsmadeadealwithhersoninorderto

[A]liveontheirlowincome.

[B]encouragehimtobreakworldrecords.

[C]develophisabilitytomanagemoneymatters.

[D]helphimgetoutofthehabitofspendingfreely.

8.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

[A]Thehip-hopM.C.sarePhelps’sidols.

[B]LikeTigerWoods,Phelpsisaversatileswimmer.

[C]Phelpsisoneoftheworld’sgreatestswimmerssinceMarkSpitz.

[D]PhelpsoftenwearshisthrowbackBaltimoreOriolesbaseballcap.

9.WhatPhelpssaidatapressconferenceindicatesthat

[A]heisaskilledspeaker.

[B]heisatalkativeman.

[C]heisnervousofspeakinginpublic.

[D]heisclumsyinexpressinghimself.

10.Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat

[A]Phelpswasborntobeagoodswimmer.

[B]Phelpsshouldowehissuccesstohismother.

[C]PhelpswasluckytobediscoveredbyBowman.

[D]Phelps’ssuccessshouldbeattributedtohisgiftanddiligence.

TextC

Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacriticalperiodoflifecanbestarvedanddamaged?

JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederickIIinthethirteenthcenturyitmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakifheheardnomothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.

Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlanguagedeprivationhere.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthefirstyearoflifeespecially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.

TodaynosuchdrasticdeprivationexistsasorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,somechildrenarestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemotherisinsensitivetothecuesandsignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtomopuplanguagerapidly.Therearecriticaltimes,itseems,whenchildrenlearnmorerapidly.Ifthesesensitiveperiodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymightneverbelearnedsoeasilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,buttheprocessisslowandhardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.

Linguisticssuggestthatspeechmilestonesarereachedinafixedsequenceandataconstantage,buttherearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuallyturnsouttobeofhighIQ.Attwelveweeksababysmilesanduttersvowel-likesounds;attwelvemonthshecanspeaksimplewordsandunderstandsimplecommands;ateighteenmonthshehasavocabularyofthreetofiftywords.Atthreeheknowsabout1000words