助理人力资源管理师英语阅读理解.docx

助理人力资源管理师英语阅读理解.docx

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助理人力资源管理师英语阅读理解

阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）—-第一套

（一）

Bargainingingoodfaithisthecornerstoneofeffectivelabormanagementrelations.Itmeansthatbothpartiescommunicateandnegotiate。

Itmeansthatproposalsarematchedwithcounterproposalsandthatbothpartiesmakeeveryreasonableefforttoarriveatanagreement。

Itdoesnotmeanthateitherpartyiscompelledtoagreetoaproposal。

Nordoesitrequirethateitherpartymakeanyspecificconcessions。

Whenisbargainingnotingoodfaith？

AsinterpretedbytheNLRBandthecourts，aviolationoftherequirementforgoodfaithbargainingmayincludethefollowing:

1.Surfacebargaining。

Thisinvolvesmerelygoingthroughthemotionsofbargainingwithoutanyrealintentionofcompletingaformalagreement.

2.Concession.Althoughnooneisrequiredtomakeaconcession，thecourt'sandNLRB’sdefinitionsofgoodfaithsuggestthatawillingnesstocompromiseisanessentialingredientingoodfaithbargaining.

3.Proposalsanddemands。

TheNLRBconsiderstheadvancementofproposalsasapositivefactorindeterminingoverallgoodfaith。

4.Dilatorytactics.Thelawrequiresthatthepartiesmeetand“conferatreasonabletimesandintervals”。

Obviously，refusaltomeetatallwiththeuniondoesnotsatisfythepositivedutyimposedontheemployer。

5.Imposingconditions。

Attemptstoimposeconditionsthataresoonerousorunreasonableastoindicatebadfaithwillbescrutinizedbytheboard。

6.Unilateralchangesinconditions。

Thisisviewedasastrongindicationthattheemployerisnotbargainingwiththerequiredintentofreachinganagreement.

7.Bypassingtherepresentative.Anemployerviolatesitsdutytobargainwhenitrefusestonegotiatewiththeunionrepresentative.Thedutyofmanagementtobargainingoodfaithinvolves,ataminimum，recognitionthatthisstatutoryrepresentativeistheonewithwhomtheemployermustdealinconductingbargainingnegotiations.

8.Commissionofunfairlaborpracticesduringnegotiations。

Suchpracticesmayreflectpoorlyuponthegoodfaithoftheguiltyparty.

9.Providinginformation。

Informationmustbesuppliedtotheunion，uponrequest,toenableittounderstandandintelligentlydiscusstheissuesraisedinbargaining。

10.Bargainingitems.Refusaltobargainonamandatoryitem（onemustbargainoverthese）orinsistenceonapermissiveitem（onemaybargainoverthese）isusuallyviewedasbadfaithbargaining.。

1。

Bargainingingoodfaithdoesnotmeanthat。

A.bothpartiescommunicateandnegotiate

B.proposalsareinlinewithcounterproposals

C。

bothpartiesmakegreatefforttoreachanagreement

D。

eitherpartymustagreetoaproposal

2。

AccordingtotheinterpretionoftheNLRBandthecourts,bargainingmaybeingoodfaithwhen。

A。

Bothpartieshavenorealintentionofcompletingaformalagreement.

B.Bothpartiesarewillingtocompromise。

C。

Employersrefusetomeetwiththeunion.

D.Bothpartiesattempttoimposeunreasonableconditions。

3。

Whichofthefollowingisn'tapositivefactorindeterminingoverallgoodfaith？

。

A.awillingnesstocompromise

B。

theadvancementofproposals

C.unilateralchangesinconditions

D.providinginformation

4.Fromthispassage,wecanconcludethat。

A.Itisn’tmandatorytomeetand“conferatreasonabletimesandintervals”forbothparties。

B。

Employerscanrefusetonegotiatewiththeunionrepresentativeinordertobargainingoodfaith.

C。

Commissionofunfairlaborpracticesduringnegotiationsmayreflectlittlegoodfaithoftheguiltyparty.

D。

Insistenceonapermissiveitemcanbringbargainingingoodfaith.

5.Thebesttitleforthepassagemightbe。

A。

whatisandwhenisnotbargainingingoodfaith

B。

whatisbargainingingoodfaith

C.whenisnotbargainingingoodfaith

D。

howtobargainingoodfaith

Answer：

1.D2。

B3。

C4.C5。

A

（二）

Fewer18-to25-year-oldsareenteringtheworkforce；thishascausedmanyemployerstolookinto“harnessingAmerica'sgraypower”.Isitpracticalintermsofproductivitytokeepolderworkerson？

Theanswerseemsunequivocablytobe“yes”.Age-relatedchangesinphysicalability,cognitiveperformance，andpersonalityhavelittleeffectonworker'soutputexceptinthemostphysicallydemandingtasks.Similarly,creativeandintellectualachievementsdonotdeclinewithageandabsenteeismdropsasageincreases。

Olderworkersalsousuallydisplaymorecompanyloyaltythanyouthfulworkers，tendtobemoresatisfiedwiththeirjobsandsupervision，andcanbetrainedorretrainedaseffectivelyasanyone.

RecruitingandattractingolderworkersgenerallyrequiresacomprehensiveHRretireeeffortbeforetherecruitingbegins。

Theaimistomakethecompanyanattractiveplaceinwhichtheolderworkercanwork。

Specifically:

Examineyourpersonnelpolicies.Checktomakesurepoliciesandproceduresdonotdiscouragerecruitmentofseniorsorencouragevaluableolderpeopletoleave.

Developflexibleworkoptions.Theseincludepart—time，shorter-than-30-hourworkweeks,consultingorseasonalwork，reducedhourswithreducedpay,andflextime。

Createorredesignsuitablejobs.AtXerox,unionizedhourlyworkersover55with15yearsofserviceandthoseover50with20yearsofservicecanbidonjobsatlowerstressandlowerpaylevelsiftheysodesire.

Offerorredesignsuitablejobs。

Allowingemployeestopickandchooseamongbenefitoptionscanbeattractivetoolderaswellasyoungeremployees。

Asoneexpertputsit，torecruitolderworkers，themessagemustbetailoredtotheirwayofthinking。

Appealingtojobqualitiestheyvaluewillattractattention.Theseincludeflexiblehours,flexiblebenefits,autonomy，opportunitytomeetnewfriends，andworkingwithpeopletheirownage。

Youmightalsostressthatyouvaluetheirmaturityandexperience.

1.Whichoftheage-relatedchangeswillaffectworker’soutputexceptinthemostphysicallydemandingtasks？

.

A.physicalability

B.cognitiveperformance

C.personality

D.companyloyalty

2.“HarnessingAmerica’sgraypower,”meansthat.

A.keepingolderworkerson

B。

recruiting18-to25—year-olds

C.attractingminorities

D.encouragingwomentoentertheworkforce

3。

Inordertomakethecompanyanattractiveplaceinwhichtheolderworkercanwork，HRstaffshoulddothefollowingexcept.

A。

examinethepersonnelpolicies

B。

developflexibleworkoptions

C.rewardatlowerpaylevels

D.offerorredesignsuitablejobs

4.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisn'taflexibleworkoption？

.

A。

shorter-than-30—hourworkweeks

B。

full—time

C.seasonalwork

D。

reducedhourswithreducedpay

5。

Fromthispassage,wecaninferthat.

A。

InAmerica，thereisnodeficitofworkforce。

B。

Absenteeismispositivelyrelatedtoages.

C.Flexibleworkoptionscanbeattractivetoolderworkers。

D.Torecruitolderworkers，themessageneedn’tbeinaccordancewiththeirwayofthinking.

Answer：

1.D2.A3。

C4。

B5.C

阅读理解（每题3分，共30分）—-第二套

（一）

Japanesemanagementgivesagreatdealofattentiontoorientationandtraining，whichisparticularlytrueinthecaseofregularemployees。

Pre—employmenteducationgenerallystartsimmediatelyafterthepersonischosen。

Thepurposeoftheprogramisto（a）familiarizethestudentwiththecompany；（b）monitortheperson’sactivities;（c）makethestudentcomfortablewiththecompany;（d）answerquestionsthepersonmighthave;and（e）providethenewhirerswithanybasicskillstrainingthecompanyfeelstheyrequire。

Theappraisalandcompensationsystemislong-terminorientationandisbasedonrewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboveranextendedperiodoftime。

IntheUnitedStatesemployeescommonlyreceiveanannualappraisalthatindicateswhetherornottheyaredoingagoodjoband，ifnot,providesfeedbackrelatedtoimprovingperformanceorseekingemploymentelsewhere.InJapantheinitialappraisalistypicallygivenattheendofa7—10yearperiod.Atthispointthepersonlearnswhetherornotheorsheisgoingtobepromoteduptheranksofmanagementornot.Thosewhofailthisfirstmajorevaluationknowthattheirchancesofmakingthetopmanagementranksarevirtuallynil.

CompensationinJapanusedtobebasedheavilyonseniority，buttodaymeritisbecomingmoreimportant。

Inmanyindustriestheannualraiseisinthe2-4percentrangeandoftenisbasedheavilyonmeritfactorssuchasattitude，ability,andcooperativeness。

AnotherfeaturethatdistinguishestheJapanesesystemformmanyothersisthesemiannualbonusorwageallowance.Thisbonusisseparatefromtheannualwageincreaseand，usuallywithoutexception，ispaideveryyearregardlessofthestateoftheeconomy.Thebonusistypicallyequivalentto5-6months’salaryandispaidinmidsummerandattheendoftheyear。

Otherformsofcompensationincludehousingallowances，dailylivingsupportfortransportation,meals，uniforms,healthcare,andculturalandrecreationalbenefits。

1。

Thepurposesofpre—employmenteducationinJapandon’tinclude。

A.familiarizingthestudentwiththecompany

B。

monitortheperson’sactivities

C.makethestudentcomfortablewiththecompany

D.providethenewhirerswithanyknowledgeandskills

2。

TheappraisalandcompensationsysteminJapanisbasedon.

A.rewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboveranextendedperiodoftime

B.rewardingpeoplefordoingagoodjoboverayear

C。

rewardingpeoplefordoinganyjoboveralongtime

D.rewardingpeoplefordoinganyjoboverayear

3.InJapantheinitialappraisalistypicallygivenattheendofa

yearperiod。

A.5-10

B.7—10

C.10—12

D。

10—15

4.AboutcompensationinJapan，theauthorwoulddisagreethat.

A。

CompensationinJapanarebasedheavilyonmerittoday.

B。

Meritfactors