冲刺高考英语阅读理解第一模块 细节理解题 重点练解析卷.docx

冲刺高考英语阅读理解第一模块 细节理解题 重点练解析卷.docx

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冲刺高考英语阅读理解第一模块细节理解题重点练解析卷

冲刺2021年中考英语二轮复习阅读理解

第一模块：

细节理解题重点

Passage1（2021·辽宁高三月考）

SophiaScottmeanttospendthesummerasanintern（实习生）shadowingdoctorsattheUCLAConcussionClinic,asshehadtheyearbefore.WithCOVID-19,theseniorfromMarymountHighSchoolhadtoputherplansonhold.

“Onceeverythingfellthrough,IwantedtomakesureIusedmytimeaswellasIcould,”sheexplained.

Insteadofusingthesummerfocusingonherself,the17-year-oldfromLosAngelessetabouttryingtohelpothers.Recognizingthatdistancelearninghasbeentrickyformany,ScottdecidedtouseherGod-givenacademicskillstodosomethingforothers.

Inamatterofweeks,shesetupandlaunchedQuaranteens,afreetutoringservicethatgatheredtogetherotherlike-mindedteenstohelpoutthosestudentsneedinganacademicboostinvarioussubjects.Shehopedthatsheandhergroupcouldreallyhelpthestudentsgetimproved.

Impressively,Scottdidn’tsitaroundwaitingforstudentsindifficultytoreachoutforhelp.Shesetupawebsiteandactivelyofferedherservicestocharitiesfocusedoneducation,appreciatingthatthereweremanypupilsstrugglingwiththedistancelearningexperience.

“AlotofthestudentsI’veworkedwithfelttheirschoolyearwasessentiallycutofflastMarch,whichabsolutelywouldhaveanegativeimpactontheyearahead.Soalotoftheworkwedidwastryingtohelpthemcatchup,”thenewtutorshared.

Thissituationhasbeenexperiencedaroundtheworldbymanystudents,sothefactthatthiscaringteensoughttoremedy（挽救）thesituationsingle-handedlymakesheractionsmoreinspiring.

Nowwithlotsofchildrenbackinschool,Scotthasn'tfinishedhertutoringservice.Instead,theexperiencehasencouragedherandherteam,whichnowtotalsanimpressive16tutors,tocontinueofferingtheirhelp.

“WhatismostsatisfyingtomeisknowingthatsomethingsmallI'mdoingnow,likehelpingakidbecomebetteratreading,couldhavesuchawiderangeofimpactontheireducationinthefuture.”

1．WhatcanweknowaboutSophiaScott?

A．Shewasnotgoodatmakingplans.B．Shewasagainstdistancelearning.

C．Sheprovedaprofessionaldoctor.D．Sheperformedwellacademically.

2．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“boost”inParagraph4probablymean?

A．Warn.B．Improvement.C．Praise.D．Comment.

3．WhatdidSophiaScottandherteamdoforstudents?

A．Theyhelpedthemcatchupwiththeirlessons.B．Theytaughtthemhowtofindonlinematerials.

C．Theyfoundpersonalizedonlinesitesforthem.D．Theyfocusedlessonsaheadoftheirschoolyear.

4．WhatmadeSophiaScottmostpleased?

A．Thestudents'deepandsinceregratitudetoher.B．Herownuniqueexperienceofdistancelearning.

C．Herpositiveinfluenceonstudents'futurelearning.D．Theteamforhertutoringservicekeepsexpanding.

【分析】

本文是记叙文。

文章讲述了SophiaScott成立了Quaranteens，在新冠疫情期间通过远程学习帮助学生们提高成绩的故事。

1．推理判断题。

根据文章第三段中“ScottdecidedtouseherGod-givenacademicskillstodosomethingforothers.（斯科特决定利用她天赐的学习技能为别人做点事）”中的“God-givenacademicskills（天赐的学习技能）”可以推断，她在学业上表现很好。

故选D。

2．词句猜测题。

划线词前一句提到“shesetupandlaunchedQuaranteens,afreetutoringservicethatgatheredtogetherotherlike-mindedteenstohelpoutthosestudents（她成立并推出了Quaranteens，这是一项免费的辅导服务，将其他志同道合的青少年聚集在一起，帮助那些需要的学生）”；划线词后一句提到“helpthestudentsgetimproved（帮助那些学生得到提高）”。

由此可知，boost与getimproved意思相同。

故选B。

3．细节理解题。

根据文章第六段中“Alotofthestudents…felttheirschoolyearwasessentiallycutoff…Soalotoftheworkwedidwastryingtohelpthemcatchup”可知，因为很多学生觉得他们的学年基本上都中断了，SophiaScott和她的团队帮助学生赶上功课。

故选A。

4．细节理解题。

根据文章最后一段“WhatismostsatisfyingtomeisknowingthatsomethingsmallI'mdoingnow,likehelpingakidbecomebetteratreading,couldhavesuchawiderangeofimpactontheireducationinthefuture.（最令我满意的是，我知道我现在做的一件小事，比如帮助孩子提高阅读能力，可以对他们未来的教育产生广泛的影响）”可知，让SophiaScott最高兴的是她的帮助会对学生未来的学习产生广泛的影响。

故选C。

Passage2（2021·重庆高三月考）

In2015,astronautScottKellymadehimselfa guineapig forNASA's"twinsstudy,"designedtoseewhatspaceflightdoestothehumanbody.ItwasforallthepeoplewhodreamofhumanjourneystoMarsandotherdestinationsinspace.KellyrodearocketintospaceandspentnearlyayearontheInternationalSpaceStationinlowEarth orbit,whilehis identicaltwinbrother,MarkKelly,servedasthecomparisonsubjectandstayedonEarth'ssurface.

Thefullresults,publishedThursdayinthejournal Science,showedthatScottKellyexperiencednumerous physiological and chromosomal（染色体的）changesduringhislong stay inorbit,includingchangesingeneexpression.Hisimmunesystem wentonhighalert,bothwhenhewenttospaceanduponreturningtoEarth.Hisbodyactedasifitwereunderattack.

Oneofthemostdramaticfindingsconcerned epigenetics（实验胚胎学） —howgenesareturnedonorofftoproduceproteins.GeneexpressionchangedinbothKellysduringthestudybutinsignificantlydifferentways.Thestudyfoundthatmorethan90percentofScottKelly'sgeneexpressionchanges returnedtonormalwhenhelandedonthesurface.His telomeres（染色体端粒）,structureswhichbreakovertimeaspartofthenaturalagingprocess,lengthenedinspace.Butthatdidn'tnecessarilymeanbeingyounger,thestudyfound,becausemosttelomeresshorteneddramaticallywhenhereturnedtoEarth.

Monthslater,testsshowedthatslightchangesintelomereslengthstillremainedandleftsomeinfluenceonScottKelly,whichmeansheandhisbrotherarenolongeridenticaltwins."Hemightbeatsomeincreasedriskfor cardiovascular diseaseorsometypesofcancer,"saidSusanBailey,abiologistatColoradoStateUniversitywholedoneoftheinvestigationsinthestudy.

However,theresearchers,echoingwhatNASAhassuggestedpreviously,saidthetwinsstudyturnedup noshowstoppers —noshockinghealthconsequencesthatwouldsurelypreventahumanmissiontoMarsorsimilarlong-durationmission.

5．Whatdoestheunderlinedexpression"a guineapig"inParagraph1mean?

A．apersonwhoisstrongenoughtobecomeanastronaut.

B．apersonwhoisaleaderofspaceexploration.

C．apersonwhoispickedoutforascientificexperiment.

D．apersonwhoisfacedwiththeharsheffectsofspaceflight.

6．Whathappenstoanastronaut'sbodyduringaspaceflight?

A．Thepermanentchangesingeneexpression.B．Theagingofcells.

C．Thelengthenedtelomeres.D．Thefailureinimmunesystem.

7．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．ScottKellywillappearyoungerbecausehis telomeres lengthened inspace.

B．Along-durationspaceflightwillbebannedbecauseofthedamagetohealth.

C．ScottKelly'sgeneexpressionchanges werenormalwhenhereturnedtothesurface.

D．ScottKellymightbemorelikelytodevelop cardiovascular diseaseorsometypesofcancer.

8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．Geneexpression:

PhysiologicalChangeofProteins.

B．SpaceExperiment:

ChangesinBothKellys.

C．MarsExploration:

anUnstoppableHumanMission.

D．ShortenedTelomeres:

theKillerofAstronauts.

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。

文章讲述了，美国宇航局的“双胞胎研究”实验发现，生活在太空的ScottKelly和生活在地球的MarkKelly因为所生活的地方不一样，他们不再是同卵双胞胎。

5．词句猜测题。

由第一段中的“In2015,astronautScottKellymadehimselfaguineapigforNASA's"twinsstudy,"designedtoseewhatspaceflightdoestothehumanbody.”（2015年，宇航员ScottKelly为美国宇航局的“双胞胎研究”做了一只aguineapig，旨在观察太空飞行对人体的影响。

）和“KellyrodearocketintospaceandspentnearlyayearontheInternationalSpaceStationinlowEarthorbit,whilehisidenticaltwinbrother,MarkKelly,servedasthecomparisonsubjectandstayedonEarth'ssurface.”（Kelly乘坐火箭进入太空，在近地轨道的国际空间站上呆了近一年，而他的同卵双胞胎兄弟MarkKelly则作为对比对象，留在地球表面。

），可知ScottKelly被美国宇航局选中去太空完成“双胞胎研究”，以此来观察太空飞行对人体的影响，而他的同卵双胞胎兄弟MarkKelly待在地球上就行，可得出aguineapig意为“被挑选出来做科学实验的人”。

故选C项。

6．细节理解题。

由第三段中的“Histelomeres（染色体端粒）,structureswhichbreakovertimeaspartofthenaturalagingprocess,lengthenedinspace.”（他的染色体端粒，作为自然老化过程的一部分，随着时间的推移而断裂，在太空中延长。

），可知在太空中飞行的宇航员ScottKelly，他的染色体端粒在太空中延长。

故选C项。

7．细节理解题。

由倒数第二段中的“"Hemightbeatsomeincreasedriskforcardiovasculardiseaseorsometypesofcancer,"saidSusanBailey,abiologistatColoradoStateUniversitywholedoneoftheinvestigationsinthestudy.”（科罗拉多州立大学的生物学家SusanBailey说：

“他患心血管疾病或某些癌症的风险可能会增加。

”。

），可知ScottKelly可能更容易患心血管疾病或某些类型的癌症。

故选D项。

8．主旨大意题。

第一段讲“2015年，同卵双胞胎之一的ScottKelly被美国宇航局选中去太空完成“双胞胎研究”，以此来观察太空飞行对人体的影响，而他的同卵双胞胎兄弟MarkKelly待在地球上就行”，第二段讲““双胞胎研究”发现ScottKelly在长期在轨期间经历了许多生理和染色体变化，包括基因表达的变化”，第三段讲“研究发现两个Kelly的基因表达都发生了变化，但方式明显不同，ScottKelly的染色体端粒在太空中延长”，第四段讲“染色体端粒的不同导致两个Kelly不再是同卵双胞胎，ScottKelly可能更容易患心血管疾病或某些类型的癌症”，最后一段讲“太空旅行对健康非常不好，肯定会阻止人类前往火星或类似的长期任务”，可知文章主要介绍了太空实验“双胞胎研究”，被美国宇航局选中去太空完成实验的ScottKelly，他的染色体端粒在太空中延长，导致他和MarkKelly不再是同卵双胞胎，太空实验导致了两个Kelly的变化，B项“太空实验：

两个Kelly的变化”符合文意。

故选B项。

Passage3（2021·广东佛山市·高三月考）

Twovaccines（疫苗）developedbyaMarylandcompanyareshowingpromiseinthefightagainstmalaria（疟疾）.Onevaccinewas100percenteffectiveinpreventingthedeadlydiseasemalaria.

Malariaisadiseasecausedbyparasites（寄生虫）andcarriedbymosquitoes.Parasitesareorganismsthatliveonorinanorganismofanotherspeciesandfeedoffitorgetprotectionfromit.Mosquitoesspreadthediseasetopeoplebybitingontheirskin.TheWorldHealthOrganizationsaysthereare214millioncasesofmalariaeachyear.Andthedeadlydiseasekillsover400,000peopleayearworldwide.Peoplewhohavemalariaoftenhaveafever,chills,andflu-likeillness.Seriouscomplicationshappen,includingdeath,whenthediseaseisleftuntreated.

Thenewvaccinesworkbypreparingtheimmunesystemtofightthedisease.Researchersdothisbyintroducinglive,butweakened,youngparasitescalledsporozoites.Theyareinjectedintothebodybyinfectedmosquitoes.BothvaccinestargetPlasmodiumFalciparum（恶性疟原虫），whichisthemostcommonanddeadlyformofthedisease.

OnesuccessfultrailwascarriedoutinGer