最新中国石化集团工程师职称英语考试复习资料2.docx

最新中国石化集团工程师职称英语考试复习资料2.docx

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最新中国石化集团工程师职称英语考试复习资料2

阅读理解

1.Justasmanhasfoundgreatusesforthematerials,P2

2.Scientistscalltheprocessofwaterspreadingoverasurfacewetting.P2

3.SincenooneknowswhatscientificdiscoverieswillbemadebetweennowandtheyearA.D.2000P3

4.Ifyouliveinalargecity,P3

5.Mostteachersagreethatthebestwaytolearnalanguageistoimmerseyourselfintheenvironmentandcultureofthatlanguage.P3

6.Oneevening,longaftermostpeoplehadP4

7.Oneeveninglastweek,mywifeandIweresittingquietlyathome.P4

8.IwouldliketoproposethatforsixtytoninetyminuteseachP5

9.TherewasgreatexcitementontheplanetofVenusthisweek,P5

10.Whatisintelligence,anyway?

P6

11.Whyisitthatwhenyoustudyaforeignlanguage,youneverlearnthelittlephrasesthatP7

12.Ifyouareanaveragereader,youcanreadanaveragebookattherateof300wordsaminute.P8

13.PsychologistGeorgeSplitchandcolleaguesatWashingtonCollegeinP8

14.ThebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristP9

15.AftertheviolentearthquakethatshookLosAngelesin1994,P9

16.Unlesswespendmoneytospotandpreventasteroidsnow,P10

17.SomepessimisticexpertsfeelthattheautomobileisP10

18.Haveyouheardaboutthebookwhichpushesbloodtypesasdeterminingwhethersomebodyshouldbevegetarianornot?

P11

19.Mydictionarydefineshappyas"lucky"or"fortunate',butIthinkaP11

20.Fingerprints,oneofthegreatdecidersofinnocenceorguiltP12

21.Petroleum,likecoal,isfoundinsedimentaryrocks,andwasprobablyP13

22.Therichworld'sargumentabouttheenvironmentfollowsapattern.P13

23.OnaverageeachpersonintheUnitedStatesusesaboutthreegallonsofpetroleumeveryday.P14

24.SleepissomethingwegenerallyassociatewithlivingpersonsP15

25.CoronaryarterydiseaseisadisorderinwhichthecoronaryP15

26、Aftersplittingup44yearsago,acouplemarriedeachotherforthesecondtimeyesterday,p15

27、Thecheetah……itisthefastmammalonearth.P15

28、Theyoungfrog（ortadpole）spendsallitslifeinthewater.P15

29、Newtondiscoveredthat’whitelight’（inotherwords,colorlesslightfromthesun）reallyconsistsofaseriesofcolorsp16

30、TherearemanykindsofprogramsonTV.ManypeopleliketowatchspecialeventsonTV.P16

31、1）Frombehindhelookedyoungerthanhewasinhisdarkthinready-madesuitalittletoobigforhim…p16

32、1）Askedtogototheoffice,hemethisbrotherthere,lookingsurprisedtoseehim.P16

33、ThereissaidtobeastrangemonsterinalakeinScotland.P16

34、Youlookback,shethought.Youlookbackatotheryears,withthechildrenyounger.P16

35、Howdopeoplebehavewhentheyarethreatenedbydanger?

P16

36、Thebuoyantforceofliquid,orhowmuchitpushesupward,dependsonthedensityoftheliquid.P17

37、whatisablackhole?

Well,it’sdifficulttoanswerthisquestion,sincethetermswewouldp17

38、Todiscover,howlifebegan,archaeologistsstudyfossils.P17

39、Atruckcarrying800boxesofmoneybeesoverturnedonahighway,releasingabout40millionbees.P17

40、Chinawillsenda40—memberresearchexpeditiontotheAntarcticContinentinNovember,p

41、therearemanytypesofkineticandpotentialenergy,includingchemical,thermal,mechanical,electrical,andnuclearenergy.P17

42、Therewasquiteaside—spreadconcernthatcomputerswouldtakeovertheworldfrommanoneday.P17

43、Thegreatpoweroftornadoesisalmostunbelievable.P18

44、Inoneyeartheworldusesasmuchenergyasthatcontainedin21billionbarrelsofoil.P18

45、Ifyouareinterestedinbuyingapairofcontactlensespreparingtopay$200ormore.P18

46、Itisestimatedthatsomesevenhundredmillionpeople—abouthalftheworld’spopulationareunabletoreadandwrite,p18

47、TheinventionoflightbulbbyThomasA.Edisonin1879createdademandforacheep,p18

48、Whatisacidrain?

Toanswerthisquestion,weneedtogobacktwodecades.P18

49、Thelegalbasisofallinsuranceisthe“policy”.Thisisprintedformofcontractonstoutpaperofthebestquality.P19

50、Asyoumighthaveguessedbynow,adetergentisnotusuallymadeofasinglesubstancebutofacombinationofsubstances.P19

51、Itremainstobeseenwhetherthereservesofrawmaterialswouldbesufficienttosupplyaworldeconomywhichhavegrownby500percent.P19

段落翻译

1、Whyisitthatwhenyoustudyaforeignlanguage,P19

2、AnotherfactoremphasizingthemarketimportanceoftheyouthisthatthisisthetimeP19

3、Therearedozensofmind-bodytechniquesforyoutochoosefrom.P20

4、Becauseofeithereconomicnecessityorstrongdeterminationforpersonalfulfillment,P20

5、However,aggressioninitselfisnotnecessarilyabadthing.P20

6、Advertisersgenerallyservetwofunctionsfortheirclients:

P21

7、Dietisallthefoodanddrinkthatapersonnormallyconsumesonaregular,P21

8、Allergyisanunusualsensitivitytoakindofmatterthatisnormallyharmless.P22

9、Thenursingprocessisalogicalsystematicseriesofactions.P22

10、hewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylives,P22

11、ThelinksbetweenmentalhealthproblemsandoldagearemorecloselyrelatedwiththesocialP23

12、Totheordinaryman,onekindofoilmaybeasimportantasanotherP23

13、Createdonlybynaturebutexploitedbyman,P24

14、PlanetEarthwilldonanelectronicskininthenot-toodistantfuture.P24

15、Scienceisimportanttoworldpeaceinmanyways.P24

16、Trainingisintendedprimarilyfortheserviceofsociety;educationisprimarilyfortheindividual.P25

17、Thousandsofyearsagotheancientpeoplesfoundoutthatdayswerelongerinsummerthaninwinter,P25

18、Asaresultofhisobservations,Darwinformulatedatheoryoftheevolutionofhumanlife.P25

19、ThelaborplanofajointventureisdecidedbytheboardofdirectorsthroughdiscussionsinaccordanceP26

20、Diagnosisistheprocessofassigninganametoapatient~scondition.P26

21、YouwillfindrestaurantsfromeverysituationittheUnitedStates.P26

22、JustasDarwindiscoveredthelawofdevelopmentoforganicnature,P27

23、ScienceisthebodyofknowledgeaboutnaturethatrepresentsthecollectiveeffortsinsightsP27

24、Petroleumisthelargestsourceofliquidfuel,P27

25、Amanmayusuallybeknownbythehookshereadsaswellasbythecompanyhekeep；P28

Passage1

Justasmanhasfoundgreatusesforthematerials,whichhecandigupfromtheground,so,too,hehasfoundimportantuseforthegases,whichhecanobtainfromtheair.Oxygenandnitrogencanbemadefromothermaterials,buttheyareusuallyobtainedfromtheairbecauseairissoplentiful.Someoftheothergases,suchasargon,canonlybeobtainedfromtheair.Thereissolittlecarbondioxideintheairthatitisbettertoobtainitinotherways.Theproblem,ofcourse,istofindqquickandusefulwayofseparatingthegasesintheair.Letusreadhowthisisdone.

Werememberhowaircanbemadeintoaliquid.Iftheliquidiswarmedagain,It"boils"andturnsbackintoagas.Nowoxygendoesnotboilawayfromliquidairsoeasilyasnitrogen.Bycarefularrangementoftheboiling,itispossibletomakethenitrogenturnbackintoagasandleavetheliquidoxygenbehind.Theoxygencanbeturnedintoagaslater.InThiswaytheoxygenandnitrogenareseparated.Theothergases,suchasargon,canalsobeobtainedseparatelybyverycarefularrangementoftheboiling.

Questions.

Whypeopleusuallyobtainoxygenandnitrogenfromtheair?

Whathappensiftheliquidiswarmedagain?

Doesnitrogenboileasilythanoxygendoes?

Canthenitrogenturnbackintoagas?

Howareoxygenandnitrogenseparated?

Passage1

l）Becauseairisplentiful.

2）Itboilsandturnshackintoagas.

3）Yes,itdoes.

4）Yes,itcan.

5）Makethenitrogenturnbackintoagasandleavetheliquidoxygenbehind.

Passage2

Scientistscalltheprocessofwaterspreadingoverasurfacewetting.Butwaterdoesn'talwaysdoagoodjobofwettingasurface.You'veprobablynoticedthiswhenlookingatthesurfaceofawaxedcarafterarain.Thewatersitsonthecarintinybeads.That'sbecausethewatermoleculesarestronglyattractedtooneanother.Theytendtobunchtogetherwhichmakesthemformbeads.However,chemicalscalledsurfactantscanweakentheattractionofwatermoleculesforoneanother.（Theyweakenthesurfacetension.）Sosurfactantsareputindetergentstoallowthewatertospreadoutonasurface.（Loweringsurfacetensionalsocausesdetergentstoformsuds.Butsudsaren'tanecessarypartofthecleaningprocess.）

Adetergentmoleculehastwoends.Oneendishydrophilic（"waterloving"）.Thatis,itisattractedtowater.Theotherendishydrophobic.Thatis,itisrepulsedbywater,However,thishydrophobicendofadetergentmoleculeisattractedtosubstancessuchasfats.There

suit?

Withthehelpofsomemechanicalaction,likescrubbingortumbling,thehydrophobicendofthedetergentmoleculedragsthefatoffthesurfacetohecleanedwhilethehydrophilicendpullsthefatintothewater.Sowhenthewaterheadsforthedrain,downgoesthefatwithanicesoundinggurgle,leavingacleandishorevenacleanseabirdbehind.

Questions:

Howmanyendsdoesadetergentmoleculehave?

Whathappensonawaxedcarafterarain?

Whatfunctiondosurfactantshave?

Whichendofthedetergentmoleculepullsthefatintothewater?

Whatdoestheword"hydrophilic"mean?

Passage2

Adetergentmoleculehastwoends.

Thewatersitsonthecarintinyheads.

Itcanallowthewatertospreadoutonasurface.

Thehydrophilicendpullsthefatintothewat