教案 3Word格式文档下载.docx
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限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。
非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。
如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。
二、外在表现形式不同
限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；
而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
例1.Thisistheplacewhereheusedtolive.
例2.Mr.Zhang，whocametoseemeyesterday，isanoldfriendofmine.
在例1中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
在例2中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。
三、先行词内容有所不同
大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。
例：
1.Amiddle-agedwomankilledherhusband，whichfrightenedmeverymuch.
由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导定语从句。
2.Afive-year-oldboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages，whichsurprisesallthepeoplepresent.
由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which引导非限制性定语从句。
四、关系词的使用情况有所不同
（一）that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句
所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但that不可。
例如：
他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。
误：
Hedidn'
tpasstheexam，thatdisappointedme.
正：
tpasstheexam，whichdisappointedme.
值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有which才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。
使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用who，whom或whose引导非限制性定语从句；
先行词指物可用which引导非限制性定语从句；
先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用when，where引导非限制性定语从句。
例1.We'
llgraduateinJuly，whenwewillbefree.
例2.LastSundaytheyreachedNanjing，whereaconferencewastobeheld.
（二）关系代词替代情况不同
关系代词whom在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who代替whom，但whom在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who来代替。
例:
1.ThisisthegirlwhomImetinthestreet.
先行词thegirl在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who代替whom.
2.Ayoungmanhadanewgirlfriend，whomhewantedtoimpress.
先行词anewgirlfriend在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用who代替whom.
在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用that代替who/whom，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用that代替who/whom.
她有一个姐姐，她是教师。
Shehasasister，thatisateacher.
Shehasasister，whoisteacher.
（三）关系代词省略情况不同
关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。
例1.Thisisthebook（which/that）helostyesterday.
先行词thebook在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which或that可以省略。
例2.Thebook，whichhelostyesterday，hasbeenfound.
先行词thebook在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which不可省。
（四）as引导定语从句时的用法
①as引导限制性定语从句通常用于thesame…as,such…as结构中。
e.g.Iwantthesameshirtasmyfriend’s.
SuchmachinesasareusedinourworkshoparemadeinChina.
我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
②as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。
通常用下列句型：
asisknowntoall,asissaid,asisreported,asisannounced,asweallknow,asIexpect等。
e.g.AsIexpected,hegotthefirstplaceagaininthismid-termexamination.
3）as引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别
①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；
反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。
e.g.Hemadealongspeech,asweexpected.
Hemadealongspeech,whichwasunexpected.
②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。
e.g.Tomdrinksaloteveryday,whichhiswifedoesn’tlikeatall.
2.定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
这种定语从句叫做分隔性定语从句
e.g.ThereisanexpressioninhiseyesthatIcan’tunderstand.
4.引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+which”来代替。
e.g.October1,1949wasthedayonwhich（=when）thePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.
5.当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。
e.g.Thesickmanwhomsheislookingafterisherfather.
6.介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；
介词在句尾，关系代词可以省略。
课外作业
一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：
1.Thefanisonthedesk.Youwantit.
2.Themanisinthenextroom.Hebroughtourtextbookshereyesterday.
3.Themagazineismine.Hehastakenitaway.
4.Thestudentswillnotpasstheexam.Theydon’tstudyhard.
5.Thewomanisourgeographyteacher.Yousawherinthepark.
6.Theletterisfrommysister.Ireceivedityesterday.
7.Theplaywaswonderful.Wesawitlastnight.
8.Thetrainwaslate.ItwasgoingtoNanning.
9.Theboyismybrother.Hewashereaminuteago.
10.Thetreeisquitetall.Heisclimbingit.
11.Hereisthegirl.Herbrotherworksinthisshop.
12.That’sthechild.Wewerelookingathisdrawingjustnow.
13.Thisistheboy.Hissisterisafamoussinger.
14.Iwanttotalktotheboys.Theirhomeworkhaven’tbeenhandedin.
15.Isthatthewoman?
Herdaughterisinmyclass.
16.Heusedtoliveinabighouse.Infrontofitgrewmanybananatrees.
17.Theypassedafactory.Atthebackofthefactorytherewerericefields.
18.Thesoldierrantothebuilding.Onthetopofitflewaflag.
19.Intheeveningtheyarrivedatahill.Atthefootofthehilltherewasatemple.
20.Shecameintoabigroom.Inthemiddleofitstoodalargetable.
二、根据句子意思，用介词＋关系代词whom或which完成下列句子.
1.Theperson________________IspokejustnowisthemanagerthatItoldyouabout.
2.Thepencil________________hewaswritingbroke.
3.WuDong,________________Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.
4.Thetwothings________________MarxwasnotsurewerethegrammarandsomeoftheidiomsofEnglish.
5.Herbag,________________sheputallherbooks,hasnotbeenfound.
6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,________________thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.
三、选择填空：
1.Theman____visitedourschoolyesterdayisfromLondon.
A.whoB.whichC.whomD.when
2.Thewoman____istalkingtomymotherisafriendofhers.
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
3.Becauseofmypoormemory,all____youtoldmehasbeenforgotten.
A.thatB.whichC.whatD.as
4.Doyourememberthosedays____wespentalongtheseashoreveryhappily?
A.whenB.whereC.whichD.who
5.Tomttookawaythecamerabecauseitwasjustthesamecamera____helostlastweek.
A.whichB.thatC.whomD.as
6.Those____wanttogopleasesigntheirnameshere.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.when
7.Whereistheman____Imetthismorning?
8.Whoisthewoman____issweepingtheflooroverthere?
A.whoB./C.thatD.when
9.Theman____youtalkedjustnowisaworker.
A.whoB.whomC.towhomD.towho
10.Theman____youaregoingtomakefriendsismyfather’sneighbour.
A.withwhomB.whenC.towhomD.which
11.Thedoctor____isleavingforAfricanextmonth.
A.thenurseistalkingtohimB.whomthenurseistalking
C.thenurseistalkingtoD.whothenurseistalking
12.Theman____aroundourschoolisfromAmerica.
A.whichyoushowedB.youshowedhim
C.youshowedD.whereyoushowed
13.Hetalkedaboutahero____noonehadeverheard.
A.ofwhomB.fromwhomC.aboutthatD.who
14.InfacttheSwededidnotunderstandthethreequestions____wereaskedinFrench.
A.whereB.whoC.inwhichD.which
15.Haveyoureadthebook____Ilenttoyou?
A.thatB.whomC.whenD.whose
16.Finally,thethiefhandedovereverything____hehadstolentothepolice.
A.thatB.whichC.whateverD.all
17.Theforeignguests,____weregovernmentofficials,werewarmlywelcomedattheairport.
A.mostofthemB.mostofthatC.mostofwhomD.mostofthose
18.Thisistheveryletter____camelastnight.
A.whoB.whichC.thatD.as
19.Iknowonlyalittleaboutthismatter;
youmayask____knowsbetterthanI.
A.whoeverB.whomeverC.anyoneD.theone
20.Thisistheschool____wevisitedthreedaysago.
A.whereB./C.whenD.what
21.Thisisthefactory____weworkedayearago.
A.whereB.thatC.whichD.onwhich
22.Nearbyweretwocanoes____theyhadcometotheisland.
A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD./
23.Jackispleasedwith____youhavegivenhimandall____youhavetoldhim.
A.that,whatB.what,thatC.which,whatD.that,which
24.Doyouworknearthebuilding____colourisyellow?
A.thatB.whichC.itsD.whose
25.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasingleperson____shecouldturnforhelp.
A.whomB.whoC.towhomD.formwhom
26.Isthisschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whichC.thatD.where
27.Isthistheschool____wevisitedthreeyearsago?
A.theoneB.whereC.inwhichD./
28,Howmanystudentsarethereinyourclass____homesareinthecountry?
A.whoseB.whoC.whomD.which
29.Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,____cameasasurprise.
A.itB.whichC.thatD.he
30.ThetrainwascrowdedandIhadtogetintoacarriage____alreadysevenotherpeople.
A.whentherewereB.whichtherewere
C.thattherewereD.wheretherewere
31.Iliveinthehouse____windowsfacesouth.
A.whichB.whoseC.whereD.that
32.----Whatgameispopularwiththem?
----The____mostistennis.
A.gametheylikeitB.gametheylike
C.bestgametheylikeD.bestgametheylikeit
33.Theystayedwithmethreeweeks,____theydrankallthewineIhad.
A.whichB.whichtimeC.duringwhichD.duringwhichtime
34.Theroom____MrWhitelivesisnotverylarge.
A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when
35.Don’tforgettheday____youwerereceivedintotheYouthLeague.
A.whenB.thatC.atwhichD.where
36.I’vefinishedwritingthenovel,____istobepublishednextmonth.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when
37.Hereturnedhomesafeandsoundafterafiercebattle,____wasunexpected.
A.whichB.asC.thatD.it
38.____isknowntoall,Englishisnotverydifficulttolearn.
A.WhatB.AsC.ThatD.Which
39.Theoldmanhadthreesons,allof____diedduringWorldWarⅡ.
A.whoseB.thatC.whomD.who
40.Ihaveboughttwopens,____writewell.
A.noneofwhichB.neitherofwhich
C.bothofwhichD.allofwhich
41.Doyouknowthereason____shehaschangedhermind?
A.whyB.whichC.forthatD.ofwhich
42.Hefailedintheexam,____provesthathewasn’tworkinghardenough.
A.whichB.whatC.itD.that
43.Duringtheweek____hetriedtocollectmaterialsfor
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