完整word版高考英语全国卷七选五历年真题docx.docx

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完整word版高考英语全国卷七选五历年真题docx

高考英语阅读专题练习七选五

北京卷2010

Muzak

Thenexttimeyougointoabank,astore,orasupermarket,stopandlisten.Whatdoyouhear?

71It'ssimilartothemusicyoulistento,butit'snotexactlythesame.That'sbecausethismusicwasespeciallydesignedtorelaxyou,ortogiveyouextraenergy.Sometimesyoudon'tevenrealizethemusicisplaying,butyoureacttothemusicanyway.

Quietbackgroundmusicusedtobecalled"elevator（电梯）music"becauseweoftenhearditin

elevators.Butlatelywehearitinmoreandmoreplaces,andithasanewnameMuzak"".Aboutone-thirdof

thepeopleinAmericalistento"Muzak"everyday.Themusicplaysfor15minutesatatime,withshortpausesinbetween.Itisalwaysmorelivelybetweentenandeleveninthemorning,andbetweenthreeand

fourintheafternoon,whenpeoplearemoretired.72

IfyoulistentoMuzakcarefully,youwillprobablyrecognizethenamesofmanyofthesongs.Somemusiciansorsongwritersdon'twanttheirsongstobeusedasMuzak,butothersarehappywhentheirsongsarechosen.Why?

73

Musicisoftenplayedinpublicplacesbecauseitisdesignedtomakepeoplefeellesslonelywhentheyareinanairportorahotel.IthasbeenproventhatMuzakdoeswhatitisdesignedtodo.TiredofficeworkerssuddenlyhavemoreenergywhentheyhearthepleasantsoundofMuzakinthebackground.74Supermarketshoppersbuy38percentmoregroceries.

75.Theysayit'sboringtohearthesamesongsallthetime.ButotherpeopleenjoyhearingMuzakinpublicplaces.Theysayithelpsthemrelaxandfeelcalm.Onewayoranother,Muzakaffectseveryone.SomefarmersevensaytheircowsgivemoremilkwhentheyhearMuzak!

A.Somepeopledon'tlikeMuzak.

B.Themusicgivesthemextraenergy.

C.Musicisplayinginthebackground.

D.Factoryworkersproduce13percentmore.

E.Muzaktendstohelppeopleunderstandmusicbetter.

F.Theygetasmuchas$4millionayeariftheirsongsareused.

G.Muzakisplayedinmostofthebigsupermarketsintheworld.

1

北京卷2011

Publicspeakingandcriticalthinking

Whatiscriticalthinking?

Toacertaindegree,it’逻s辑amatter）—ofbeingoflogic（abletospot

weaknessesinotherpeopleargument’sandtoavoidtheminyourown,italsoincludesrelatedskillssuch

asdistinguishingfactfromopinionandassessingthesoundnessofevidence.

Inthebroadsense,criticalthinkingisfocused,organizedthinking—theabilitytoseeclearlytheir

relationshipsamongideas.71Thegreatestthinkers,scientistsandinventorshaveoftentakentheir

informationthatwasreadilyavailableandputittogetherdifferentlytoproducenewideasthat,too,iscriticalthinking.

72Astheclassgoeson,forexample,youwillprobablyspendagooddealoftimeorganizingyourspeeches.Whilethismayseemlikeapurelymechanical（机械的）exercise,itiscloselyconnectedwithcriticalthinking.Ifthestructureofyourspeechislooseandconfused,chancesarethatyourthinkingisalsodisorderedandconfused.If,ontheotherhand,thestructureisclear,thereisagoodchanceyourthinkingistoo.Organizingaspeechisnotamatterofarrangingtheideasyoualreadyhave.73

Whatistrueoforganizationistrueofmanyaspectsofpublicspeaking.74Asyouworkon

expressingyourideasinclear,accuratelanguage,youwillimproveyourabilitytothinkclearlyand

accurately.75Asyoulearntolistencriticallytospeechesinclass.Youwillbebetterabletoassess

theideasofspeakersinavarietyofsituations.

Ifyoutakefulladvantageofyourspeechclass,youwillbeabletodevelopyourskillsascritical

thinkerinmanycircumstances.Thisisonereasonpublicspeakinghasbeenregardedasvitalpartof

educationsincethedaysofancientGreece.

A.Rather,itisanimportantpartofshapingtheideasthemselves.

B.Thismayseemlikealotoftime,buttherewardsarewellworthit.

C.Itmayalsohelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.

D.Ithasoftenbeensaidthattherearefewnewideasintheworld,onlyreorganizedideas.

E.Ifyouarewonderingwhatthishastodowithyourpublicspeakingclass,theanswerisquitealot.F.Theskillsyoulearninyourspeechclasscanhelpyoubecomeamoreeffectivethinkerinanumberofways.

G.Asyoustudytheroleofevidenceandreasoninginspeechmaking,youwillseehowtheycanbeusedinotherformsofcommunicationaswell.

2

北京卷2012

Empathy

Lastyear,researchersfromtheUniversityofMichiganreportedthatempathy,theabilitytounderstandotherpeople,amongcollegestudentshaddroppedsharplyoverthepast10years.__71__Today,peoplespendmoretimealoneandarelesslikelytojoingroupsandclubs.

JenniferFreed,aco-directorofateenprogram,hasanotherexplanation.TurnontheTV,andyou’reshoweredwithnewsandrealityshowsfullofpeoplefighting,competing,andgenerallytreatingoneanotherwithnorespect.__72__

Therearegoodreasonsnottofollowthosebadexamples.Humansaresociallyrelatedbynature.__73__Researchershavealsofoundthatempatheticteenagersaremorelikelytohavehighself-respect.Besides,empathycanbeacureforloneliness,sadness,anxiety,andfear.

Empathyisalsoanindicationofagoodleader.Infact,Freedsays,manytopcompaniesreportthatempathyisoneofthemostimportantthingstheylookforinnewmanagers.__74__Academicsareimportant“.Butifyoudon’thaveemotional（情感的）intelligence,youwon’tbeassuccessfulinworkorinyourlovelife,shesays.

What’sthebestwaytoupyourEQ情（商）?

Forstarters,letdownyourguardandreallylistentoothers.

__75__

Toreallydevelopempathy,you

’volunteerdbettatanursinghomeorahospital,joinacluborateamthat

hasadiversemembership,havea

“sharingcircleyour”withfamily,orspendtimecaringforpetsatan

animalshelter.

A.Everyoneisdifferent,andlevelsofempathydifferfrompersontoperson.

B.Thatcouldbebecausesomanypeoplehavereplacedfacetimewithscreentime,theresearcherssaid.

C.“Onedoesn’tdevelopempathybyhavingalotofopinionsanddoingalotoftalking,

D.Humanslearnbyexample—andmostoftheexamplesonitareanythingbutempathetic.

E.Empathyisamatteroflearninghowtounderstandsomeoneelse—bothwhattheythinkandhowtheyfeel.

F.Goodsocialskills—includingempathy—areakindof“emotionalintelligence”thatwillhelpyou

inmanyareasoflife.

G.Havingrelationshipswithotherpeopleisanimportantpartofbeinghuman—andhavingempathyisdecisivetothoserelationships.

3

北京卷2013Urbanization

Untilrelativelyrecently,thevastmajorityofhumanbeingslivedanddiedwithouteverseeingacity.Thefirstcitywasprobablyfoundednomorethan5,500yearsago.71_.Infact,nearlyeveryonelived

onfarmsorintinyrural（乡村的）villages.Itwasnotuntilthe20thcenturythatGreatBritainbecamethefirsturbansocietyinhistory—asocietyinwhichthemajorityofpeopleliveincitiesanddonotfarmforaliving.

Britainwasonlythebeginning.72_.Theprocessofurbanization—themigration（迁移）ofpeople

fromthecountrysidetothecity—wastheresultofmodernization,whichhasrapidlytransformedhowpeopleliveandwheretheylive.

In1990,fewerthan40%ofAmericanslivedinurbanareas.Today,over82%ofAmericansliveincities.

Onlyabout2%liveonfarms.73.

Largecitieswereimpossibleuntilagriculturebecameindustrialized.Eveninadvancedagricultural

societies.Ittookaboutninety-fivepeopleonfarmstofeedfivepeopleincities._74.Untilmoderntimes,

thoselivingincitiesweremainlytherulingelite（精英）andtheservants,laborersandprofessionalswhoservedthem.Citiessurvivedbytaxingfarmersandwerelimitedinsizebytheamountofsurplusfoodthattheruralpopulationproducedandbytheabilitytomovethissurplusfromfarmtocity.

Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalancebetweenthecityandthecountry.75_.Today,insteadofneedingninety-fivefarmerstofeedfivecitypeople,oneAmericanfarmerisabletofeedmorethanahundrednon-farmers.A.Thatkeptcitiesverysmall.

B.Therestliveinsmalltowns.

C.Theeffectsofurbanlivingonpeopleshouldbeconsidered.

D.Soonmanyotherindustrialnationsbecomeurbansocieties.

E.Buteven200yearsago,onlyafewpeoplecouldliveincities.

F.Modernizationdrewpeopletothecitiesandmadefarmersmoreproductive.

G.Moderncitieshavedestroyedsocialrelationsandthehealthofhumanbeings.

2014北京卷EvaluatingSources（来源）ofhealthInformation

4

Makinggoodchoicesaboutyourownhealthrequiresreasonableevaluation.Akeyfirststepinbetteringyourevaluationabilityistolookcarefullyatyoursourcesofhealthyinformation.Reasonableevaluationincludesknowingwhereandhowtofindsrelevantinformation,howtoseparatefactfromopinions,howtorecognizepoorreasoning,andhowtoanalyzeinformationandthereliabilityofsources.71

Gototheoriginalsource.Mediareportsoftensimplifytheresultsofmedicalresearch.Findoutforyourselfwhatastudyreallyreported,anddeterminewhetheritwasbasedongoodscience.Thinkaboutthetypeofstudy.72

Watchformisleadinglanguage.Somestudieswillfindthatabehavior“contributesto”associatedoris“

with”anoutcome;thisdoesnotmeanthatacertaincoursemustleadtoacertainresult.73Carefully

readorlistentoinformationinordertofullyunderstandit.

Useyourcommonsense.Ifareportseemstoogoodtobetrue,probablyitis.Beespeciallycarefulof

informationcontainedinadvertisements.74Evaluatescientific“”statementscarefully,andbeawareofquackery（江湖骗术）.