建筑工程专业外文翻译门禁监管系统.docx

建筑工程专业外文翻译门禁监管系统.docx

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建筑工程专业外文翻译门禁监管系统

外文原文：

TheAccesscontrolsystem

Accesscontrolsystemiswidelyusedinrecentyearsanditisoneofthehigh-techandsafetyequipment,hasbecomeoneoftheintelligentsignsofmodernarchitecture.Accesscontrol,theexportandtheentrancecontrolsystem,istocontroltheexportandentrancechannelsystem.Accesscontrolsystemisdevelopedonthebasisofthetraditionallocks（EntranceGuard/AccessControlinEnglish）.

Accesscontrolis,inreality,aneveryday phenomenon.Alockona car doorisessentiallyaformofaccesscontrol.A PIN onan ATM systematabankisanothermeansofaccesscontrol.Bouncersstandinginfrontofa nightclub isperhapsamoreprimitivemodeofaccesscontrol（giventheevidentlackof informationtechnology involved）.Thepossessionofaccesscontrolisofprimeimportancewhenpersonsseektosecureimportant,confidential,orsensitiveinformationandequipment.Itemcontrolor electronickeymanagement isanareawithin（andpossiblyintegratedwith）anaccesscontrolsystemwhichconcernsthemanagingofpossessionandlocationofsmallassetsorphysical（mechanical）keys.

Physicalaccessbyaperson maybealloweddependingonpayment,authorization,etc.Alsotheremaybe one-waytrafficofpeople.Thesecanbeenforcedbypersonnelsuchasa borderguard,a doorman,a ticket checker,etc.,orwithadevicesuchasa turnstile.Theremaybe fences toavoidcircumventingthisaccesscontrol.Analternativeofaccesscontrolinthestrictsense（physicallycontrollingaccessitself）isasystemofcheckingauthorizedpresence,seee.g.Ticketcontroller（transportation）.Avariantisexitcontrol,e.g.ofashop（checkout）oracountry.In physicalsecurity,thetermaccesscontrolreferstothepracticeofrestrictingentrancetoaproperty,abuilding,oraroomto authorized persons.Physicalaccesscontrolcanbeachievedbyahuman（aguard,bouncer,orreceptionist）,throughmechanicalmeanssuchaslocksandkeys,orthroughtechnologicalmeanssuchasaccesscontrolsystemslikethe Accesscontrolvestibule.

Withintheseenvironments,physicalkeymanagement mayalsobeemployedasameansoffurthermanagingandmonitoringaccesstomechanicallykeyedareasoraccesstocertainsmallassets.Physicalaccesscontrolisamatterofwho,where,andwhen.Anaccesscontrolsystemdetermineswhoisallowedtoenterorexit,wheretheyareallowedtoexitorenter,andwhentheyareallowedtoenterorexit.Historicallythiswaspartiallyaccomplishedthroughkeysandlocks.Whenadoorislockedonlysomeonewithakeycanenterthroughthedoordependingonhowthelockisconfigured.Mechanicallocksandkeysdonotallowrestrictionofthekeyholdertospecifictimesordates.Mechanicallocksandkeysdonotproviderecordsofthekeyusedonanyspecificdoorandthekeyscanbeeasilycopiedortransferredtoanunauthorizedperson.Whenamechanicalkeyislostorthekeyholderisnolongerauthorizedtousetheprotectedarea,thelocksmustbere-keyed.Electronicaccesscontrolusescomputerstosolvethelimitationsofmechanicallocksandkeys.Awiderangeofcredentials canbeusedtoreplacemechanicalkeys.Theelectronicaccesscontrolsystemgrantsaccessbasedonthecredentialpresented.Whenaccessisgranted,thedoorisunlockedforapredeterminedtimeandthetransactionisrecorded.Whenaccessisrefused,thedoorremainslockedandtheattemptedaccessisrecorded.Thesystemwillalsomonitorthedoorandalarmifthedoorisforcedopenorheldopentoolongafterbeingunlocked.

Whenacredentialispresentedtoareader,thereadersendsthecredential’sinformation,usuallyanumber,toacontrolpanel,ahighlyreliableprocessor.Thecontrolpanelcomparesthecredential'snumbertoanaccesscontrollist,grantsordeniesthepresentedrequest,andsendsatransactionlogtoadatabase.Whenaccessisdeniedbasedontheaccesscontrollist,thedoorremainslocked.Ifthereisamatchbetweenthecredentialandtheaccesscontrollist,thecontrolpaneloperatesarelaythatinturnunlocksthedoor.Thecontrolpanelalsoignoresadooropensignaltopreventanalarm.Oftenthereaderprovidesfeedback,suchasaflashingredLEDforanaccessdeniedandaflashinggreenLEDforanaccessgranted.Theabovedescriptionillustratesasinglefactortransaction.Credentialscanbepassedaround,thussubvertingtheaccesscontrollist.Forexample,Alicehasaccessrightstothe serverroom butBobdoesnot.AliceeithergivesBobhercredentialorBobtakesit;henowhasaccesstotheserverroom.Topreventthis, two-factorauthenticationcanbeused.Inatwofactortransaction,thepresentedcredentialandasecondfactorareneededforaccesstobegranted;anotherfactorcanbeaPIN,asecondcredential,operatorintervention,orabiometricinput.

Therearethreetypes（factors）ofauthenticatinginformation:

▪somethingtheuserknows,egapassword,pass-phraseorPIN

▪somethingtheuserhas,suchassmartcard

▪somethingtheuseris,suchasfingerprint,verifiedbybiometric

measurement.

Passwordsareacommonmeansofverifyingauser'sidentitybeforeaccessisgiventoinformationsystems.Inaddition,afourthfactorofauthenticationisnowrecognized:

someoneyouknow,whereanotherpersonwhoknowsyoucanprovideahumanelementofauthenticationinsituationswheresystemshavebeensetuptoallowforsuchscenarios.Forexample,ausermayhavetheirpassword,buthaveforgottentheirsmartcard.Insuchascenario,iftheuserisknowntodesignatedcohorts,thecohortsmayprovidetheirsmartcardandpasswordincombinationwiththeextantfactoroftheuserinquestionandthusprovidetwofactorsfortheuserwithmissingcredential,andthreefactorsoveralltoallowaccess.Now,aspeople'slivingstandardsimproveandtechnologyadvances,moreandmorelocalneedsofaccesscontrolsystemsuchasresidentialentrance,garageentrance,theentranceandotherpublicplaces.Manydifferenttypesofaccesscontrolsystem;becauseithasdifferentcharacteristics,sodonotusetheplace,ICcardaccesscontrolsystembecauseofitshighersecurity,betterconvenienceandcost-effectiveaccesscontrolsystemintothemainstream.ICcardtechnologyiscurrentlywidelyusedinvariousindustries,particularlypublictransport,wirelesscommunications,identification,financialtransactionsandsecurityanddefenseindustries.Accesscontrolsystemthroughtheimportandexportcontrol,limitingstaffandvehiclesenteringcontrolledareas,toensurethatcontrolledregionalsecurity.Thisstudyfocusesontheundergroundgarageaccesscontrolsystem,whichtherequirementsoftheaccesscontrolsystemwithacleardirection,thisdesignreferstoradiofrequencytechnology,theuseofcomputercontroloftheICcardreaderforreadingandwriting.ACCESSdatabasesoftwareusedtoimplementsoftwaresystemdatabaseservices;usingVisualBasic6.0todesignsoftwarewithwhichthevariouscommoncontrolsdesignedtologbasicinformation,equipmentmanagement,cardmanagement,querymanagement,systemmanagementawindowBody.TheICaccesscontrolsystemsoftwarewitheasytouse,simplefeatures,theoperatordoesnot

needaprofessionalcomputeroperatinglevel.

Credential

Acredentialisaphysical/tangibleobject,apieceofknowledge,orafacetofaperson'sphysicalbeing,thatenablesanindividualaccesstoagivenphysicalfacilityorcomputer-basedinformationsystem.Typically,credentialscanbesomethingyouknow（suchasnumberorPIN）,somethingyouhave（suchasan accessbadge）,somethingyouare（suchasabiometricfeature）orsomecombinationoftheseitems.Thetypicalcredentialisanaccesscard,keyfob,orotherkey.Therearemanycardtechnologiesincludingmagneticstripe,barcode,Wiegand,125 kHzproximity,26bitcard-swipe,contactsmartcards,and contactlesssmartcards.Alsoavailablearekey-fobswhicharemorecompactthanIDcardsandattachtoakeyring.Typicalbiometrictechnologiesincludefingerprint,facialrecognition,irisrecognition,retinalscan,voice,andhandgeometry.

Accesscontrolsystemcomponents

Anaccesscontrolpoint,whichcanbea door,turnstile,parkinggate,elevator,orotherphysicalbarrierwheregrantingaccesscanbeelectronicallycontrolled.Typicallytheaccesspointisadoor.Anelectronicaccesscontroldoorcancontainseveralelements.Atitsmostbasicthereisastand-aloneelectriclock.Thelockisunlockedbyanoperatorwithaswitch.Toautomatethis,operatorinterventionisreplacedbyareader.Thereadercouldbeakeypadwhereacodeisentered,itcouldbea cardreader,oritcouldbeabiometricreader.Readersdonotusuallymakeanaccessdecisionbutsendacardnumbertoanaccesscontrolpanelthatverifiesthenumberagainstanaccesslist.Tomonitorthedoorpositionamagneticdoorswitchisused.Inconceptthedoorswitchisnotunlikethoseonrefrigeratorsorcardoors.Generallyonlyentryiscontrolledandexitisuncontrolled.Incaseswhereexitisalsocontrolledasecondreaderisusedontheoppositesideofthedoor.Incaseswhereexitisnotcontrolled,freeexit,adevicecalledarequest-to-exit（RTE）isused.Request-to-exitdevicescanbeapushbuttonoramotiondetector.Whenthebuttonispushedorthemotiondetectordetectsmotionatthedoor,thedooralarmistemporarilyignoredwhilethedoorisopened.Exitingadoorwithouthavingtoelectricallyunlockthedooriscalledmechanicalfreeegress.Thisisanimportantsafetyfeature.Incaseswherethelockmustbeelectricallyunlockedonexit,therequest-to-exitdevicealsounlocksthedoor.

Accesscontroltopology

Accesscontroldecisionsaremadebycomparingt