GREOG Test 1填空和阅读解析.docx

GREOG Test 1填空和阅读解析.docx

《GREOG Test 1填空和阅读解析.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《GREOG Test 1填空和阅读解析.docx（15页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

GREOGTest1填空和阅读解析

GRE-OGTest1Explanations

SECTION3

VerbalReasoning

Explanations

1.ChoicesAandBarecorrect.ChoiceAiscorrect:

thetlamatinimearementionedinthefirstsentenceofthesecondparagraph,whereitsaystheywereabletouseNahuatl’sstockofabstractterms“toexpressthenuancesoftheirthought.”Thissuggeststhatthereissomeevidenceofwhatthosethoughtswere,andthereforeChoiceAcanbeinferred.ChoiceBiscorrect:

accordingtothenextsentence,Nahuatlspeakersused“formsofexpressionwithmetaphoricalmeaning,”someofwhichwereprobably“original”andothers“derivedfromTolteccoinages.”ThatresearchersknowcertainNahuatlexpressionsarederivedfromToltecsuggeststhattheyareabletotracethederivationofsomeNahuatlexpressionsfromanotherlanguagebesidesNahuatl,andthereforeChoiceBmaybeinferred.ChoiceCisincorrect:

thepassagesaysthatinNahuatltherearesinglecompoundwordsthatcanexpressconceptualrelationsofan“abstractuniversalcharacter”andmentions“otherformsofexpressionwithmetaphoricalmeaning,”butitdoesnotindicatewhethermetaphoricalwordsorphrasesaretheonlywaythatabstractuniversalconceptsareexpressedinNahuatl,orwhetherresearchersbelievethisaboutNahuatl.ThereforeChoiceCcannotbeinferred.

2.ThepassageintroducestwospecificNahuatlmodesofexpression.Oneistheformationofsinglecompoundwordsthatarecapableofexpressingcomplexconceptualrelations（firstparagraph）;theotheristhejuxtapositionoftworelatedwordstoevokeasingleidea（secondparagraph）.IntheformationofcompoundsNahuatlisdescribedasbeing“likeGreekandGerman,”butthesecondmodeisnotidentifiedasbeingsharedwithotherlanguages.Thereforethesixthsentence（“Oftheseforms...onesingleidea”）isthebestchoice.

3.“Coinage”hastwosensesthatarerepresentedamongtheanswerchoices:

inonesenseitdenotescoinsandcurrency,whileintheotheritdenotesthings—especiallywords—thatareinvented.ThefifthsentencedrawsacontrastbetweenlinguisticexpressionsoriginaltoNahuatlandthosederivedfromToltec.Inthiscontextoforiginalversusderivedlanguage,“coinages”means“inventions,”not“currencies.”Oftheanswerchoicesgiven,“creations”isthenearestequivalentof“coinages”inthesenseof“inventions,”andthereforeChoiceBisthebestanswer.

4.Thepassagepresentsanargumentandthequestionasksyoutoidentifytheroletheportionshighlightedinboldfaceplayinthatargument.Thefirststepinrespondingistoreadthroughthepassagequicklytogetanunderstandingofwhatisbeingsaid.Thenitispossibletogobackandassesshowthepartsofthepassagefittogetherintoanargument.

Inthispassagethefirstsentencepresentstwopiecesofinformationthatseemtobeinconflict—theatmospherecontainedalmostnooxygeneventhoughplantswereproducingsomuchofit.Thesecondsentencepresentsahypotheticalexplanationthathasbeenproposedforreconcilingthediscrepancy—thatoxygenwasabsorbedbyiron.Thenextsentencecallsthishypotheticalexplanationinadequateandthefollowingsentencegivesareasonforthatjudgment—thattherewasinsufficientironfortheproposedexplanationtowork.Finally,thelastsentencedrawstheconclusionthattheremusthavebeensomethinginadditiontoirontoabsorbtheoxygen.

Sincethehighlightedportionsinthepassagerepresentthemaincontentofthethirdandfourthsentences,thetaskinthisquestionistofindtheanswerchoicewhosetwopartsfitthosesentences’roles.ItcanbeseenthatanswerChoiceDfitstherequirement:

thethirdsentencedoessumuptheargument’spositionaboutahypothesis,andthefourthsentencegivesgroundsforthethird.ThereforeChoiceDisthecorrectanswer.

5.Thesentenceisclearlyconveyingacontrastsince“but”isusedtwicetoindicatesomethingpositiveandsomethingnegativeaboutPappenheim.Thecluetothenegativeaspectisinthelaterpartofthesentence,where“outofstep”leadsbothto“anachronistic”astheanswerforthefirstblankand“alienatedfrom”astheanswerforthesecond.Thus,thecorrectanswerisanachronistic（ChoiceA）andalienatedfrom（ChoiceF）.

6.Thesentencesetsuptwoparallel,contrastingconcepts.Thewordintheblankmustcontrastwith“orthodoxy,”andsince“convention”inthesecondcontrastingpairissynonymouswith“orthodoxy,”thecorrectanswershouldberoughlysynonymouswith“novelty.”Theword“invention”isthebestchoice.Thus,thecorrectanswerisinvention（ChoiceD）.

7.Itispossibletoanalyzethissentencebystartingwitheitherblank.Broadly,itstatesthatsomethingthathashappenedtoNabokovhascalledattentiontosomeofhisperipheralactivities.Itwouldhardlymakesenseforwhathadhappenedtobeeitherstigmatizationormarginalization,sincebothofthoseactivitiesrepresentaturningawayfromhim,notacallingattentiontohim.Sothecorrectanswerforthefirstblankis“lionization,”sincetolionizemeanstotreatasimportant.Then,sincewearetoldthatNabokovisaliterarygiant,entomologymustbeoneofhisperipheralactivities,sothecorrectanswerforthesecondblankmustbe“foreground,”whichalsomeans“callattentionto.”Spotlightingsomethingwouldnotresultintranscendingitorobscuringit,soneitheroftheotherchoicesiscorrect.Thus,thecorrectanswerislionization（ChoiceB）andforeground（ChoiceD）.

8.Theopeningstatementattributesa“senseofbeauty”tomathematicians,andtheremainderofthesentenceafterthecolonspellsoutthatobservation.Fillingintheblankwillsupplysomeaspectthatbalances“logic”andreinforcestheviewthatmathematicianshaveasenseofbeauty;“aesthetics”isthebestchoice.Thus,thecorrectanswerisaesthetics（ChoiceB）.

9.Asmentionedabove,thefirstparagraphmentionsvariouscostsassociatedwithbirdsong,butfromthatpointonward,thefocusofthepassageisonevidenceconcerningtheenergycostsofsinging,fornightingalesinparticular.Thus,thecorrectanswerisChoiceC.Althoughthepassagementionsothercosts,itdoesnotcomparethemwithoneanother,soChoiceAisincorrect.Becausethepassagedoesnotquestionanyhypotheses,discussbenefits,oradvanceanalternativemodelofbirdsong,ChoicesB,D,andEareincorrect.

10.ChoiceBiscorrect.

ChoiceAisincorrect:

theonlyreferencetothermoregulationcomesinline24anddiscussesnighttimeactivity,notdaytimeactivity.

ChoiceBiscorrect:

thesecondparagraphexplainsthatbirdsstoreenergyasfat

depositsthatcanbeestimatedbymeasuringbodymass,andthatbodymassatduskwassignificantlyhigherinnightingalesonnightswhentheirsongratewashigher.

ChoiceCisincorrect:

whilethepassagedoessaythatsingingexposesbirdstopredators（line3）,itsaysnothingtosuggestthattheymakespecialeffortstohidebeforesinging,andinfactitsaysthatnightingalesspendextratimeforaging（line20）.

11.Explanation

Onlytwosentencesintherelevantportionofthepassagecontaininformationthatmightbeconsideredtobeempiricalresults.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphcontainsinformationaboutincreasesinenergyconsumptionbutonlythelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphprovidesresultsinsupportoftheonlyhypothesisinthepassage,thatnightingalesshouldlosemorebodymassonnightswhentheirsongrateishigh.Thus,sentence9（“Thomasfound...high”）isthecorrectchoice.

12.ChoiceBiscorrect.

ChoiceAisincorrect:

youmightinferthatenergycostsofsingingaresignificantbutnoinformationisgiventosuggestthattheyaregreaterthanothercosts.

ChoiceBiscorrect:

lines4–5saythatdiscussionsofthecostsofsinginghavegenerallyfocusedonenergycosts.

ChoiceCisincorrect:

theonlymentionofdifferencesacrossspeciesoccursinthediscussionofthefindingsofEberhardtandChappell.Thesefindingsrelatetoenergycostsaloneand,ifanything,suggestthatenergycostsvaryconsiderably.

13.Inthisquestionyouareaskedtoidentifythefactthatwouldbestreconciletheapparentdiscrepancythatthepassagepresents.Thediscrepancyisthatdespiteimprovementsinmountainclimbingequipmentthathavemadeclimbingsafer,theincidenceofmountain-climbinginjurieshasgreatlyincreased.ChoiceAexplainshowthiscouldhavehappened—theimprovementsinequipmenthaveledclimberstoattemptfeatsthatarebeyondtheirlevelofskill.Therefore,ChoiceAisthecorrectanswer.Noneoftheotherchoicesprovidesinformationthatresolvesthediscrepancy.NeitherChoiceBnorChoiceCrelatestoconditionsthathavechangedovertherelevantten-yearperiod.ChoicesDandEdorelatetotherelevantperiod.Butif,asChoiceDsays,techniquesaswellasequipmenthaveimproved,thatfactbyitselfonlymakestheincreaseininjuriesmorepuzzling.ChoiceEprovidesmoredataabouttheconsequencesofclimbingaccidents,butdoesn’tsuggestanyexplanationfortheincreaseininjuries.

14.Theblankmustbefilledwithawordthatdescribesaproblemthataworkgroupcansuffer,aproblemthatcanbeacauseof（orassociatedwith）seriousconflict.Oftheanswerchoices,only“schism”fitsthisdescription.Thus,thecorrectanswerisschism（ChoiceB）.

15.The“concerns”describedbytheadjectivethatfillstheblankrelatetoclothing,so“sartorial”fitstheblank.Althoughtheseconcernscouldalsobedescribedas“irrelevant”or“frivolous,”neitherofthesechoicesiscorrectbecausethesentenceidentifiestheconcernsas“worthyofattention.”Thus,thecorrectanswerissartorial（ChoiceD）.

16.ThepointofthesentenceistoemphasizecontradictoryaspectsofBelanger’sdancing:

wearetold,