初中英语时态语态.pptx
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时态,两现,三一,现在进行时现在完成时,一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时,三过过去进行时过去完成时过去将来时,看时间,定语态,IlearnEnglisheveryday,.,IlearnedEnglishIwilllearnEnglish,yesterday.nextyear.,now.justnow.,IamlearningEnglishIwaslearningEnglishIhavelearnedEnglish,forthreeyears.,bytheendof,IhadlearnedEnglish3yearslastmonth.IsaidIwouldlearnEnglish,thenextday.,初中常见的6种时态:
一般现在时,一般过去时,现在进行时,过去进行时,现在完成时,一般将来时,各种时态的用法,一、一般现在时,2.结构:
主语+动词原形/动词单三形式,3.标志词:
1.Theboyusuallygets(get)toschoolearly.2.Lighttravels(travel)fasterthansound.,1.用法:
A.,现在经常性的动作或状态B.客观事实和真理。
always,usually,often,sometimes,never,everyday/week/month/year/,一般现在时的注意点:
在when,assoonas,until,after,before等到引导的时间状语从句和if引导的条件,状语从句中,Shellwritetoyouassoonasshegetsthere.,用一般现在时表示将来.,主将从现如果明天不下雨,我们将去野营。
Ifitdoesntraintomorrow,wellgocamping.她一到达那儿,就会给你写信。
当主句是祈使句或含有情态动词时,从句用一般现在时。
Dontgetoffthebusuntilitstops(stop).Youmaygoouttoplaywhenyoufinish(finish)yourhomework.某些以here,there开头的句子用一般现在时表示现在进行时。
Herecomesacar.Theregoesthebell.,二、一般过去时,用法:
结构:
A.makeC.willmake,B.madeDammaking,2.标志词:
yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,threedaysago,lastnight/week/month,inthepast;justnow=amomentago【2010河北省卷】39.IBamistake.Pleasedontbeangrywithme.,过去的动作或状态。
主语+V-ed,三、一般将来时1.用法:
将来的动作或状态。
结构:
1)will+动词原形)am(is,are)goingto+动词原形)常用bedoing表示将来的动词:
go,come,leave,stay,start,begin等如:
Weareleavingforlondon.4)beaboutto+do和beto+do表示即将发生的,动作,Thetrainisabouttostart.Sheistobemarriednextmonth.,begoingto与will/shall,betodo,beabouttodo的用法及区别:
Ifitisfine,wearegoingtogofishing.(,错误),begoingto表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/willdo表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。
*begoingto表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。
如:
Ifitisfine,wellgofishing.(正确),betodosth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。
Ameetingistobeheldat3:
00oclockthisafternoon.beabouttodosth.表示“即可,就要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。
Autumnharvestisabouttostart.,3.标志词:
tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,inthreedays,in(the)future,nextweek/month/term,fromnowon,下面几种情况只用will/shall:
表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意或表示客气的邀请或命令时:
Willyoupleaselendmeyourbike?
Wewillhelphimifheasksus.表示单纯的将来,与人的主观愿望和判断无关时:
Thesunwillriseat6:
30tomorrowmoring.,三、现在进行时,2.结构:
A.hasplayedC.wasplaying,B.willplayD.isplaying,1.用法:
A.现刻动作:
目前正在发生的动作。
3.标志词:
now,Look!
Listen!
thisweek,thesedays中考模拟:
-Mike,whofootballintheyard?
-Letmegoandsee.(2010顺义),B.现阶段动作:
目前一个时期一直在进行的动作,此刻不一定在进行。
is/am/are+doing,注意,A.有几个瞬间动词可以用现在进行时表将,。
来,如:
begin,start,come,go,leave1.-Lucy!
Wouldyouliketogivemeahand?
-OK.I.,A.willcomeC.amcoming,B.comeD.wouldcome,2.-WhenyouforToronto?
-Tomorrow.,A.do;leaveC.will;leaving,B.are;leavingD.shall;leave,B.现在进行时和always连用,表示说话人较强烈的感情色彩。
Theboyisalwayshelpingus!
(夸赞),Youarealwaysmakingthesamemistake!
(责备),四、过去进行时,2.结构:
1.用法:
过去某时某段时间正在进行的动作。
3.标志词:
atthattime,thistimeyesterday,then,when,lastnight,lastyear,at9:
00yesterday;fromseventonine;yesterday,yesterdaymorning,was/were+doing,含有when和while引导的时间状语:
主句中的动作先于从句的动作发生,且进行时间较长时,主句用过去进行时,从句用一般过去时Theboywaswalkingdownthestreetwhentheearthquakehappened.从句中的动作先于主句中的动作发生时,且进行的时间较长时,从句用过去进行时,主句用一般过去时Whenhewasplaying,allofussatstillandlistened.若主从句动作同时进行时,从句一般用while引导HewasreadinganewspaperwhileIwaswatchingTV.谁先发生谁用进行时,1.用法:
1,2,五、现在完成时,过去的动作对现在的影响。
Ihavefinishedmyhomework.过去的动作持续到现在,还可能继续持续。
Ihavestayedhereforanhour!
2.结构,have/has+done,3.标志词,already,just,yet,ever,never,sofar(tillnow/uptonow),recently,inthepast3years,before,since+时间点,for+时间段ShehaslearntEnglishfor3years.Theyhavelivedheresince1990.注意:
表示短暂时间动作的词,如come,go,die,join,buy等的完成时不能与for,since等表示一段时间的短语连用。
4.瞬间动词和延续性动词若句中出现时间段,则必须使用延续性动词。
瞬间动词和延续性动词转换关系如下:
1.Thefilmbegan5minutesago.2.Theyleftanhourago.3.Themandiedaweekago.4.Hejoinedtheclub3daysago.,6.Hecamehereanhourago.7.Jackgothome2hoursago.,10.Iboughtthecarayearago.,Thefilmhasbeenonfor5minutes.,Theyhavebeenawayforanhour.Themanhasbeendeadforaweek.Hehasbeenintheclubfor3days.,5.Theygotmarried10yearsago.Theyhavebeenmarriedfor10years.,Hehasbeenheresinceanhourago.Jackhasbeenhomefor2hours.,8.Mumopenedthedoorjustnow.Thedoorhasbeenopenforawhile.9.Iborrowedthebookaweekago.Ihavekeptthebookforaweek.,Ihavehadthecarsinceayearago.,havebeen(to)和havegone(to)的区别:
have/hasbeen(to)表示“曾经去过”某地,说话时此人很可能不在那里,已经回来。
侧重指经历。
have/hasgone(to)表示某人“已经去了”某地,说话时此人在那里,或可能在路上,反正不在这里。
短暂性动词与延续性动词,将暂短性动词改为相应的延续性动词或短语和一段时间连用,其常用的方法有:
a.用相应的延续性动词替换的主要有:
buyborrow,havekeep,catch/getacoldgettoknowjointheParty,haveacoldknowbeaPartymember,leavediebegin,beaway(from)bedeadbeon,behere,comeherefallasleepjointheArmy,beasleepbeintheArmy,cometowork/livebegintostudy/teach,work/livestudy/teach,B.把误句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去时间的状语,原动词的完成时改为过去时Hecameherethreemonthsago.C.用“Itis/hasbeen+一段时间+since(一般过去时)”结构。
Itis/hasbeenthreemonthssincehecamehere.,D.用“多长时间+haspassed+since(一般过去,时)”Threemonthshaspassedsincehecamehere.(4)暂短性动词的肯定式的完成时不能和howlong连用。
如:
误:
Howlonghaveyouborrowthebook?
正:
Howlonghaveyoukeptthebook?
正:
Whendidyouborrowthebook?
动词的时态结构歌谣,一般时,一般现在时,动词用原型;单数三人称,动词加“s”。
一般过去时,动词加“ed”。
Iwork.,Heworks.Iworked.,现在进行时,进行时,am,is,are,-ing。
过去进行时,was,were,-ing。
将来时,一般将来时,will加原型。
完成时,现在完成时,have/has加过分。
Exercise,.,1.ThevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifitA.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israining,2.-Doyouwanttoseethefilm“HarryPotter”?
-Thefilm“HarryPotter”?
Iit.Itsverywonderful.(2008黄岗中考)A.seeB.haveseenC.wasseeingD.hasseen,3.The,swim)in,theriveryet.,boyhasntswum(not,4.-Whereisyourfather?
7.Heaskedwhattimetheyateightlastnight.,weredoi(ndgo),8.Iknowthathejoined(join)thearmyin1985.,-Heiswatching(watch)TVintheroom.5.-WhereisLiuMei?
home.willrain(rain),tomorrow.Ifitrains(rain)tomorrow,wellnotgoforapicnic.,-Shehasgone(go)6.Wedontknowifit,10.Imsurehewillwork(work)itoutinonehour.,11.-HavetheBlacks,visited(visit),9.Hesnothungry.Hehasjusthad(have)lunch.,theGreatWallbefore?
-Yes,theyhave.-Whendidtheyvisi(tvisit)it?
-Onlyamonthago.,1.Sorry,Itohelpyouatten.Iwasbusyatthemoment.,A.wontcomeC.didntcome,B.cantcomeD.shouldntcome,2.Hethispenforfiveyears.Heitin1997.,A.hasbought,bought.C.haskept,hasbought,B.bought,boughtD.hashad,bought,3.ShetheflowersinthegardenwhenItoseeheryesterday.4.Idontknowifmyfriend.Ifhe,Illletyouknow.,A.comes,comesC.willcome,comes,B.comes,willcomeD.willcome,willcome,5.It10yearssinceIhere.,A.is,comeC.was,came,B.is,havecomeD.is,came,6.Hisbrotherfromhomeforalongtime.,A.hasleftC.left,B.hasbeenawayD.willleave,7.-Lucy,youyourticket?
-Notyet.(2003,河北省),A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;foundD.do;find8.-Idontknowifhisuncle-Ithinkheifitdoesntrain.,A.willcome;comesC.comes;comes,B.willcome;willcomeD.comes;willcome,9.-Hurryup!
Itstimetoleave.,-OK,.(2003江西),A.ImcomingB.Illcome,C.IvecomeD.Icome,10.ImustreturnthecameratoLiLei,Iitfortwoweeks.,辽,A.keepB.borrowedC.havekeptD.havelent(2003宁),天,11.-Whenthiskindofcomputer?
-Lastyear.(2002津),A.did;useB.was;usedC.is;usedD.are;used12.-Jerry,youyourlostbook?
-Notyet.A.did;findB.have;foundC.has;found,D.do;find13.Doyouknowifbacknextweek?
Ifheback,pleaseletmeknow.(2002,黑龙江),A.hecomes,willcomeC.hewillcome;comes,B.willhecome;comesD.willhecome,willcome,被动语态的基本结构:
be+done有各种时态的变化,考点一:
一般现在时的被动语态:
am/is/are+done,一般过去时的被动语态:
was/were+done,一般将来时的被动语态:
will+be+donebegoingto+be+done现在完成时的被动语态:
have/has+been+done含有情态动词的被动语态:
情态动词+be+done,考点二:
被动语态中的特殊情况:
Thispenwell.A.issoldB.sell,C.sells,感官动词,和sell,write,wash,read,open,burn等动词用主动语态表被动.Goodmedicinebittertothemouth.A.tastesB.istastedC.taste,happen,die,fit,takeplace,cometrue,belongto等动词不使用被动.ManypeopleduringtheearthquakeinMay,2008.weredieddeadC.died,主动:
被动:
see/hearsb.dosthbeseen/heardtodosthmakesb.dosth.bemadetodosth.,使役动词和感官动词再变为被动语态时必须还原to,Themancleanthetoiletbecauseherubbishboutwhenthepolicewalkedpastthepark.wasmade;wasseentothrowwasmadeto;wasseenthrowingmade;saw,Childrenshould.takegoodcareofbetakengoodcarebetakengoodcareof,固定短语的被动不要丢掉后面的介词或副词,Yourdesk.needsrepairneedsrepairingneedstorepair,可以用-ing形式表示,need/requir/want被动needtobedone,=needdoing,sthbeworthdoing是主动表被动,Thisbookisworth.A.readB.toreadC.reading,A.isgivenC.willbegiven,B.hasbeengivenD.willgive,巩固训练:
1.ThekeyBforlockingtheclassroomdoor.,A.usesB.isusedC.isusingD.usenewschoolBoverthereintwoyears.A.maybuiltB.maybebuiltC.isbuiltHewasmadeByesterday.A.cryB.tocryC.cryingD.tobecried4.ThePRCConOctober1,1949.A.wasfoundB.isfoundC.wasfoundedD.isfounded5.AtalkonChinesehistoryCintheschoolhallnextweek.,Manythnks!