完整版英语语言学练习题含答案.docx

完整版英语语言学练习题含答案.docx

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完整版英语语言学练习题含答案

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

2.Linguisticsstudiesparticularlanguage,notlanguagesingeneral.

3.Ascientificstudyoflanguageisbasedonwhatthelinguistthinks.

4.Inthestudyoflinguistics,hypothesesformedshouldbebasedonlanguagefactsandcheckedagainsttheobservedfacts.

5.Generallinguisticsisgenerallythestudyoflanguageasawhole.

6.Generallinguistics,whichrelatesitselftotheresearchofotherareas,studiesthebasicconcepts,theories,descriptions,modelsandmethodsapplicableinanylinguisticstudy.

7.Phoneticsisdifferentfromphonologyinthatthelatterstudiesthecombinationsofthesoundstoconveymeaningincommunication.

8.Morphologystudieshowwordscanbeformedtoproducemeaningfulsentences.

9.Thestudyofthewaysinwhichmorphemescanbecombinedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

10.Syntaxisdifferentfrommorphologyinthattheformernotonlystudiesthemorphemes,butalsothecombinationofmorphemesintowordsandwordsintosentences.

11.Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageisknownassemantics.

12.Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudymeanings.

13.Pragmaticsisdifferentfromsemanticsinthatpragmaticsstudiesmeaningnotinisolation,butincontext.

14.Socialchangescanoftenbringaboutlanguagechanges.

15.Sociolinguisticsisthestudyoflanguageinrelationtosociety.

16.Modernlinguisticsismostlyprescriptive,butsometimesdescripti

ve.

17.Modernlinguisticsisdifferentfromtraditionalgrammar.

18.Adiachronicstudyoflanguageisthedescriptionoflanguageatsomepointintime.

19.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageasprimary,nott

hewrittenlanguage.

20.ThedistinctionbetweencompeteneeandperformaneewasproposedbyF.deSaussure.

n.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswi

ththelettergiven:

21.Chomskydefines“competeneeastheidealuser'

oftherulesofhislanguage.

22.Languereferstothealinguisticsystemsharedbyall

themembersofaspeechcommunitywhiletheparoleistheconcret

euseoftheconventionsandapplicationoftherules.

23.Disoneofthedesignfeaturesofhumanlanguagewh

ichreferstothephenomenonthatlanguageconsistsoftwolevels:

a

lowerlevelofmeaninglessindividualsoundsandahigherlevelofmeaningfulunits.

24.Languageisasystemofavocalsymbolsusedforhu

mancommunication.

25.Thedisciplinethatstudiestherulesgoverningtheformationofw

ordsintopermissiblesentencesinlanguagesiscalleds.

26.Humancapacityforlanguagehasagbasis,butthedeta

ilsoflanguagehavetobetaughtandlearned.

27.Preferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.

28.Findingsinlinguisticstudiescanoftenbeappliedtothesettleme

ntofsomepracticalproblems.Thestudyofsuchapplicationsisgenerallyknownasalinguistics.

29.Languageispinthatitmakespossibletheconstruc

tionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.Inotherwords,theycanproduceandunderstandaninfinitelylargenumberofsentenceswhichtheyhaveneverheardbefore.

30.Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthesstudyoflanguag

e.

ID.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

31.Ifalinguisticstudydescribesandanalyzesthelanguagepeoplea

ctuallyuse,itissaidtobe.

A.prescriptive

B.analytic

C.descriptive

D.linguistic

32.Whichofthefollowingisnotadesignfeatureofhumanlanguage?

A.Arbitrariness

B.Displacement

C.Duality

D.Meaningfulness

33.Modernlinguisticsregardsthewrittenlanguageas.

A.primary

B.correct

C.secondary

D.stable

34.Inmodernlinguistics,speechisregardedasmorebasicthanwriti

ng,because.

A.inlinguisticevolution,speechispriortowriting

B.speechplaysagreaterrolethanwritingintermsoftheamountof

informationconveyed

C.speechisalwaysthewayinwhicheverynativespeakeracquireshismothertongue

D.Alloftheabove

35.AhistoricalstudyofIanguageisastudyofIanguage.

A.synchronic

B.diachronic

C.prescriptive

D.comparative

36.Saussuretooka（n）viewofIanguage,whileChomskylo

oksatIanguagefromapointofview.

A.sociological…psychological

B.psychological…sociological

C.applied…pragmatic

D.semantic…linguistic

37.AccordingtoF.deSaussure,referstotheabstractlingui

sticsystemsharedbyallthemem-bersofaspeechcommunity.

A.parole

B.performanee

C.langue

D.Language

38.Languageissaidtobearbitrarybecausethereisnologicalconne

etionbetweenandmeanings.

A.sense

B.sounds

C.objects

D.ideas

39.Languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheim

mediatesituationsofthespeaker.Thisfeatureiscalled,

A.displacement

B.duality

C.flexibility

D.culturaltransmission

40.Thedetailsofanylanguagesystemispassedonfromonegener

ationtothenextthrough,ratherthanbyinstinct.

A.learning

B.teaching

C.books

D.bothAandB

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics

42.Phonology

43.Syntax

44.Pragmatics

45.Psycholinguistics

46.Language

47.Phonetics

48.Morphology

49.Semantics

50.Sociolinguistics

51.AppliedLinguistics

52.Arbitrariness

53.Productivity

54.Displacement

55.Duality

56.DesignFeatures

57.Competenee

58.Performanee

59.Langue

60.Parole

Suggestedanswerstosupplementaryexercises:

I.DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

I.T2.F3.F4.T5.T6.F7.T8.F9.T10.F

II.T12.T13.T14.T15.T16.F17.T18.F19.F20.F

n.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithonewordwhichbeginswi

ththelettergiven:

21.knowledge22.abstract23.Duality24.arbitrary25.syntax

26.genetic27.Parole28.applied29.productive30.scientific（orsystematic）

ID.Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement.

31.C32.D33.C34.D35.B36.A37.C38.B39.A40.D

IV.Definethefollowingterms:

41.Linguistics:

Linguisticsisgenerallydefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.

42.Phonology:

Thestudyofhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedincommunicationiscalledphonology.

43.Syntax:

Thestudyofhowmorphemesandwordsarecombinedtoformsentencesiscalledsyntax.

44.Pragmatics:

Thestudyofmeaningincontextofuseiscalledpragmatics.

45.Psycholinguistics:

ThestudyofIanguagewithreferencetotheworkingsofmindiscalledpsycholinguistics.

46.Language:

Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

47.Phonetics:

Thestudyofsoundswhichareusedinlinguisticcommunicationiscalledphonetics.

48.Morphology:

Thestudyofthewayinwhichmorphemesarearrangedtoformwordsiscalledmorphology.

49.Semantics:

Thestudyofmeaninginlanguageiscalledsemantics.

50.Sociolinguistics:

Thestudyoflanguagewithreferencetosocietyiscalledsociolinguistics.

51.Appliedlinguistics:

Inanarrowsense,appliedlinguisticsreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning,especiallytheteachingofforeignandsecondlanguages.Inabroadsense,itreferstotheapplicationoflinguisticfindingstothesolutionofpracticalproblemssuchastherecoveryofspeechability.

52.arbitrariness:

Itisoneofthedesignfeaturesoflanguage.Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetweenmeaningsandsounds

53.Productivity:

Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatitmakespossiblethecon-

structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyitsusers.

54.Displacement:

Displacementmeansthatlanguagecanbeusedto

refertothingswhicharepresentornotpresent,realorimaginedmattersinthepast,present,orfuture,orinfar-awayplaces.Inotherwords,languagecanbeusedtorefertocontextsremovedfromtheimmediatesituationsofthespeaker

55.Duality:

Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsoundsandtheotherofmeanings.

56.Designfeatures:

Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemofcommunication

57.Competenee:

Chomskydefinescompeteneeastheidealuser'n

owledgeoftherulesofhislanguage,

58.Performanee:

performaneeistheactualrealizationoftheknowle

dgeoftherulesinlinguisticcommunication.

59.langue:

Languereferstotheabstractlinguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity;Langueisthesetofconventionsandruleswhichlanguageusersallhavetofollow;Langueisrel

ativelystable,itdoesnotchangefrequently

60.Parole:

Parolereferstotherealizationoflangueinactualuse;paroleistheconcreteuseoftheconventionsandtheapplicationoftherules;parolevariesfrompersontoperson,andfromsituationtosituation.