高考英语 阅读理解综合试题及答案.docx

高考英语 阅读理解综合试题及答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解综合试题及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   ChinaandIndiaareleadersinimprovingglobal（全球的）treecover,anewstudybasedonNASAresearchshowed.

   Theytooka31.8%parttogetherofthetotalglobalnewleafareabetween2000and2017.Chinaplayedamajorrole,adding25%tothisincrease,andIndiaadded6.8%,followedbyCanadaandRussia.ThestudyintheNatureSustainabilityjournalshowsthatmorethan5.5millionsquarekilometersofgreenleafareawasaddedglobally.Since2000,therehasbeenafive-percentincreaseinglobalgreencover,itsaid.

   "ThegreeningoverthelasttwentyyearsshowsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreeswhichisaslargeastheareaoftheentireAmazonrainforest,"ChiChen,aBostonUniversityresearcherandleadofthestudytoldNatureSustainability.LargeplantationactivitiestoprotectforestsinChinacontributednearly42%tothecountry'sgreencover,andagricultureaddedanother32%.InIndia,82%oftheincreaseinleafareawasbecauseofagriculture.

   "ChinaandIndiatakeupone-thirdofthegreening,butholdonlyninepercentoftheplanet'slandareacoveredingreenplants,"ChiChentoldNASAEarthObservatory."Thatisasurprisingfinding,consideringthelanddegradation（退化）incountrieswithlargepopulations."

   BostonUniversity'sresearchteamfirstdetectedanincreaseinglobalgreencoverinthe1990sbutwereunsureaboutwhatcontributedtotheincrease.Finally,withthehelpofNASA'sTerraandAquasatellitesresearch,theymanagedtofindouttheincreaseinleafcoverfromdifferentareasandplaces.

（1）Whichcountryincreasedthelargestpartofthenewleafarea?

A. India                                

B. China                                

C. Canada                                

D. Russia

（2）ForwhatpurposedidtheauthormentiontheAmazonrainforest?

A. Toshowhowgreattheachievementwas.      

B. Toshowtheimportanceofrainforest.

C. Toexplainwhatdifficultieswehavenow.      

D. Toexplainthereasonforincreasingforests.

（3）Accordingtoparagraphfour,thefollowingstatementsaretrueEXCEPT_______.

A. ChinaandIndiahavelargepopulationsandlanddegradationproblem

B. about9%oftheplanet'sgreeningisinChinaandIndia

C. ChinaandIndiaareleadingintheglobalgreencoverincrease

D. theleafcoverareainChinaandIndiaisstilllimitedifviewedglobally

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，一项新研究显示，中国和印度在改善全球树木覆盖方面处于领先地位。

同时中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一，但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。

考虑到人口众多国家的土地退化，这是一个令人惊讶的发现。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Chinaplayedamajorrole,adding25%tothisincrease,andIndiaadded6.8%,followedbyCanadaandRussia.”中国扮演了主要的角色，增加了25%，印度增加了6.8%，加拿大和俄罗斯紧随其后。

可知中国新增的森林面积最大。

故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的"‘ThegreeningoverthelasttwentyyearsshowsanincreaseinleafareaonplantsandtreeswhichisaslargeastheareaoftheentireAmazonrainforest,’ChiChen,aBostonUniversityresearcherandleadofthestudytoldNatureSustainability.“过去20年的绿化表明，植物和树木的叶子面积增加了，相当于整个亚马逊雨林的面积，"波士顿大学研究员、该研究的负责人陈驰告诉《自然·可持续性》杂志。

可知作者提到了亚马逊雨林，以表明这一成就是多么伟大。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的"‘ChinaandIndiatakeupone-thirdofthegreening,butholdonlyninepercentoftheplanet'slandareacoveredingreenplants,’ChiChentoldNASAEarthObservatory.”陈驰告诉美国国家航空航天局地球观测站:

"中国和印度占了地球绿化面积的三分之一，但却只占地球陆地面积的9%。

"可知B选项"大约9%的地球绿化发生在中国和印度"错误，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇环保类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Accordingtoateamofresearchers,ananimal'sabilitytoperceive（感知）timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.

   "Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures."commentedleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.

   Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogs,forexample,haveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.

   Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatwork,theauthorssay,isthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowedflies"observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve,"whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.

   ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotland,whoworkedjointlyontheresearchproject,saidinastatement,"Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thus,thisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkers,buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly."

   Incomparison,thetigerbeetle（虎甲虫）runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup,basicallybecomingblind,whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's（猎物）position.

   Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensionalongwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.

（1）Whatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyabout？

A. Paceoflifeofanimals.                                     B. Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.

C. Lifetimeofsmallanimals.                                

D. Timeperceptionofanimals.

（2）WhatdoesKevinHealy'scommentmeaninPara.2？

A. Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.

B. Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.

C. Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.

D. Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.

（3）Whycanhousefliesavoidbeinghit?

A. Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.

B. Theycanprocesstheinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.

C. Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.

D. Theycansendinformationtobrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.

（4）Whatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingprey?

A. Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.          B. Preventitselffrombecomingblind.

C. Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.       D. Trytorunasfastasitcan.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了对动物时间感知的研究。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Accordingtoateamofresearchers，ananimal'sabilitytoperceive（感知）timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”可知，据一组研究人员称，动物感知时间的能力与它们的生活节奏有关，由此可知，文中提到的这个研究是关于动物的时间感知的，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“theimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures.”可知，对于能快速移动的动物而言，在极短的时间内感知时间的能力可能是生与死的区别，由此可知，KevinHealy说的意思是快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Theresearchshowedflies‘observemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachieve，’whichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知，家蝇观察物体运动的时间比我们人眼所能达到的时间要短，这使得它们能够避免被击中；再结合第五段中的“buttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”可知，它们可以很快做出好的决定，也就是说它们可以尽快处理收到的信息，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的“thetigerbeetle（虎甲虫）runsfasterthanitseyescankeepup，basicallybecomingblind，whichrequiresittostopperiodicallytore-evaluateitsprey's（猎物）position”可知，虎甲虫的移动比眼睛快，基本上是盲目的，这就要求它不时地停下来，重新评估猎物的位置，由此可知，为了抓住移动的猎物，虎甲虫需要不时地停下来确定猎物的位置，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Ifyouwearglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplayedhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.

   Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.

   Itisimportanttoremembertheseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthiscorrelation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Andit'sworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.

   Forgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoudonotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.Hesaidsometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbrokethelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren'tfoundguilty.

   GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasaboutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmartandhip（时髦的）.However,thathasn'tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisjustonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.

（1）Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?

A. Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.

B. Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.

C. Wearingglassescanmakepeoplecleverer.

D. WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.

（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?

A. Shift.                             

B. Link.                             

C. Proof.