王攀毕业论文.docx

王攀毕业论文.docx

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王攀毕业论文

河南科技学院新科学院

2014届本科毕业论文

StudyonCultureEquivalenceinTranslation

翻译中文化对等研究

学生姓名：

王攀

所在系别：

外国语言文学系

所学专业：

英语

导师姓名：

段红

完成时间：

2014年4月

StudyonCultureEquivalenceinTranslation

WangPan

XinkeCollegeofHenanInstituteofScienceandTechnology

April,2014

Contents

Acknowledgments

Abstract

摘要

I.Introduction

II.CultureandTranslation

2.1CulturalDifferencebetweenTwoLanguages

2.2CulturalUniversalityandTranslation

2.3CulturalIndividualityandTranslation

2.3.1ThereareCulturalGapsinEverydayGreetingLanguages.

2.3.2IdiomsareaCommonLanguageExpressionwithStrongCulturalAtmosphere.

2.3.3TheCulturalGapsinProverbs.

2.3.4TheCulturalGapsinLiteratureTranslation

Ⅲ.CulturalEquivalence

3.1CulturalEquivalenceinThinkingMode

3.2CulturalEquivalenceinLanguageStructure

3.3CulturalEquivalenceinidioms

3.3.1FreeTranslationFirst

3.3.2LiteralTranslation

Ⅳ.TranslationStrategiestoAchieveCulturalEquivalence

4.1Foreignizingmethod

4.1.1.LiteralTranslation

4.1.2TransplantingTranslation

4.1.3TranscriptionMethod

4.1.4AnnotationMethod

4.1.5RecreationMethod

4.2DomesticatingMethod

V.Conclusion

Bibliography

Acknowledgments

Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohelpedmeduringthewritingofthisthesis. 

MydeepestgratitudegoesfirstandforemosttoProfessorDuanHong,mysupervisor,forhisconstantencouragementandguidance.Shehaswalkedmethroughallthestagesofthewritingofthisthesis.Withoutherconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform. 

   Second,IwouldliketoexpressmyheartfeltgratitudetoProfessorLuYuzhuang,wholedmeintotheworldoftranslation.IamalsogreatlyindebtedtotheprofessorsandteachersattheDepartmentofEnglish:

Ms.LiYi,GuoJianjianandWangLianzhu,whohaveinstructedandhelpedmealotinthepastfouryears. 

   Lastmythankswouldgotomybelovedfamilyfortheirlovingconsiderationsandgreatconfidenceinmeallthroughtheseyears.Ialsoowemysinceregratitudetomyfriendsandmyfellowclassmateswhogavemetheirhelpandtimeinlisteningtomeandhelpingmeworkoutmyproblemsduringthedifficultcourseofthethesis.

Abstract

Thehighcorrelationbetweenlanguageandculturedeterminestheimportanceofculturalequivalenceintranslation.Differentculturesarerelativelyindependentintheirownlanguage,whichisdifficultfortranslationtoreproducetheparticularrelationbetweenresource-textandresource-languagecultureandwhichreferstotheculturefactorsintranslation.Accordingtothetraditionalconcept,thekeypointoftranslationfocusesonthetransitionbetweentwolanguagesandignorestheimportanceofculture.Infact,fortranslators,thesupremedifficultyisnotlanguage,buttheculture.Thistexttalksovertheculturalequivalenceintranslationfromtheperspectivebetweentheculturaluniversalityandculturalindividuality.Thetextwhichmakescultureastheentrypiont,analyzesthecommoncultureequivalenceincludingthinkingmode,languagestructureandidioms.Theauthortriestolookforappropriatetranslationwaystoachievetheculturalequivalenceintranslation.

Keywords:

culturalequivalence;culturaluniversality;culturalindividuality

摘要

语言与文化的高度相关性决定了文化对等在翻译中的重要性。

不同的文化在各自的语言中是相对的，这使的译文很难再现源文与源语文化的特定关系，这便涉及到翻译中文化因素。

传统观念认为，翻译重点在于两种语言间的转换，而忽略了翻译中文化的重要性。

事实上，译者在翻译过程中遇到的最大困难并非语言，而是文化。

本文从文化共性与个性的角度看翻译中的对等情况，以文化对等为切入点，对英文翻译中所涉及到的思维模式中的文化对等，语言结构中的文化对等以及习语中文化对等加以简单分析。

作者试图寻求恰当的翻译方法，从而实现翻译中的文化对等。

关键字：

文化对等；文化共性；文化个性

I.Introduction

AnthropologistsTylorhavesaidthatcultureisacomplicatedentiretyincludingknowledge,belief,art,law,morality,customandcapacitywhichallsocialmemberscanlearn（E.B.Tylor）.Thedifferentnaturalenvironmentsandsocialenvironmentsdeterminespecialcultureamongnations.Asweallknow,languageisthereflectionofcultureandcultureisalsothereflectionoflanguage.Translationlinksdeeplywithculturaltransmission.Translationisnotonlylanguagesymbol,butalsoculturaltransformation.Withthedevelopmentoftranslation,theculturalequivalenceofsource-languageandtarget-languageintranslationisverysignificant.Theaimofculturalequivalenceistoresonatebetweentarget-languagereadersandsource-languagereaders,notjustequivalencetranslation.Intranslation,weshouldrealizedifferentlanguagehabits,tryingtoachieveculturalequivalence.

Languageisthetooltoexpressideas.Theideologyofanynationistheconcentratedreflectionofnationalculture,andtranslationisthebridgeoftwolanguages.Ingeneral,translationisthetransformationoftwocultureinformation.ThemainaimoftranslationistoreappearthecontentsofTarget-TextandSource-Text.Fromthismeaning,wemustintroducesource-languageculturewhenwetranslatesource-language.Sowhetherispropertohandleculturaldifferenceisthekeyoftranslation.Theessaytriestoseekissuethattwodifferentcultureresultindiscrepancyofmeansofexpressionfromtheangleofculturalcontrastandtoreachculturalequivalenceintranslation.

II.CultureandTranslation

Translationisakindoflanguageactivity.Itreappearstheideologycontentofalanguagebyanotherlanguage.Translatorsmustmasterthethoughtsfirstlywhichalanguageexpresses,andthenusetranslationskillstoshowtheminanotherlanguage.Translationisthecommunicativeactivitiesofcross-linguistic,cross-culture,cross-socialandsoon.Translationprocessisnotonlylanguagetransformation,butalsotheculturaltransformationprocessofdifferentsocialcharacteristics.Intheprocessofreappearingsourcelanguage,becauseofthedifferentculturalatmosphereoftarget-languageandsource-language,thattranslatorsandauthorshavedifferentlanguagecognition,languagehabitsandvaluesisunavoidable.Inthischapter,wemainlydiscussculturaluniversalityandculturalindividuality.Culturaluniversalitymakesinformationofdifferentlanguagesexchangedanditmakesitpossibletotranslate.Butculturalindividualitymakestranslationlimitedwhichdoesnotachieveculturalequivalence.

2.1CulturalDifferencebetweenTwoLanguages

Translationisakindoflanguageactivitywhichexpressestarget-languagebysource-languageinformation.Translationinferstodifferentlanguages,culture,artexchangeoftwonations,whichisakindofcomplicatedknowledgeincludingmanyfactors.Translationisnotonlyakindoflanguageactivity,butalsoakindofcultureactivity.Theculturewediscusshereisfromtheangleofanthropology.Itistheentiretyofanationallifestyleandthesocialheritagewhichapersonachievesfromcollective.Languageandculturelinkseachother.Translationisapartofcultureandthereflectionofculture.Ingeneral,everysentencehasitsnationalculturecharacteristics.Forexample,averycommongreeting“Goodmorning”whichhasdifferentculturalimplicationswithChineseword“早安”.Even,itcanexpressthemeaning”再见”.TheEnglishword“Thankyou”regularlyexpresses“praiseandacclaim”whenweanswerothers,butinChinese,weevenareusedtousethe“过奖了”and“不敢当”.Evenifthewordslookalike,theyhavetheirownspecialculturalmeaning,whichconstitutestheconundrumintranslation.Foraqualifiedtranslator,evenifmasteringtwolanguagesisverysignificant,masteringtwokindsofcultureisalsoveryvital.Becauseoflackofessentialculturalknowledgeaboutsource-language,translatorsoftenmakemistakes.Forexample,translatingthemovies“TheFirstBlood”and“HobsonChoice”into“第一滴血”and“霍布森的选择”isunsuitable.Infact,theyareidiomswithstrongculturalcolor.Definitelyweshouldtranslatetheminto“初战告捷”and“别无选择”.Somebodytranslates“Iamdead-beat”and“Abridalshower”into“我被打成重伤”and“新娘沐浴”andthiswayistotakethewordsliterally.

2.2CulturalUniversalityandTranslation

Thesameculturalpointofdifferentcountriesisthebaseoftranslation.Foralanguage,wecanfindtheexpressionwithsamemeaninginotherlanguage.Forexample,电视：

television;小麦:

wheat.ThereareidiomswhosecontentsandformsallconformeachotherinChineseandEnglish.Theyhavesamemeaningsandmodifications.Forexample,捧上天去：

Topraisetotheskies;火上加油：

Toaddfueltothefire.Inotheroccasions,EnglishandChineseproverbsequivalencecanalsoembodyfrommetaphormeaning,metaphorformandemotionalcolorandsoon.Forexample,三思而后行：

Lookbeforeyouleap;无风不起浪：

Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.Insentencetranslation,thereareequivalenceexamplesembodyingfrommeaning,formandemotionalcolor.Forexample,侵略者已经走投无路:

Theinvadershadcometotheendoftheirtether,那个家伙总是口蜜腹剑：

Thatfellowisalwaysfairwithoutbutfoulwithin.

ThesearesamepointsaboutEnglishandChineselanguageculture,whichprovidethepossibilityfortranslationofdifferentcultureandarethebaseoftranslation.

2.3CulturalIndividualityandTranslation

Becauseofpeoplelivingindifferentenvironment,differentcountrieshavevariantsocialhistories,thelanguagecharacteristicsandideographicwritinghasdifferencethatareobstaclesofculturalcommunication.Somebarriersaredifficulttoovercome,whicharethemainreasonsofculturalequivalence.

2.3.1ThereareCulturalGapsinEverydayGreetingLanguages.

Twofriendsmeetontheroadtocompany.AChinesemaygreetlikethis:

你上班了啊？

Howtotranslateit?

Wecantrytotranslateit:

Yougotowork?

Itseemstoembodymeaningequivalence.Butinfact,thistranslationseemstoexpress:

你去上班啊！

ThissentenceistosayhellowithfriendsinChinese.

Inthesame