雅思基础写作.docx

雅思基础写作.docx

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雅思基础写作

雅思基础写作

　　　　　　Chapter1IELTSAcademicWritingOrientation　　　　　　I.TestFormat　　IELTShasfourparts–Listening（30minutes）,Reading（60minutes）,Writing（60minutes）andSpeaking（11–14minutes）.Thetotaltesttimeis2hoursand45minutes.TheListening,ReadingandWritingtestsaredoneinonesitting.TheSpeakingtestmaybeonthesamedayoruptosevendaysbeforeoraftertheothertests.　　II.AcademicWritingFormat　　TheAcademicWritingtestis60minuteslong.Ithastwowritingtasksof150wordsand250words.　　InTask1candidatesareaskedtodescribesomevisualinformation（graph/table/chart/diagram）,andtopresentthedescriptionintheirownwords.Theyneedtowrite150wordsinabout20minutes.InTask2candidatesarepresentedwithapointofvieworargumentorproblem.Theyneedtowrite250wordsinabout40minutes.　　III.AcademicWritingSamples　　　　WRITINGTASK1A　　Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.　　ThechartbelowshowsthenumberofmenandwomeninfurthereducationinBritaininthreeperiodsandwhethertheywerestudyingfull-timeorpart-time.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.　　WRITINGTASK1B　　　　Youshouldspendabout20minutesonthistask.　　Thegraphbelowshowsradioandtelevisionaudiencesthroughoutthedayin1992.Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.Writeatleast150words.　　　　WRITINGTASK2A　　Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.　　ThefirstcarappearedonBritishroadsin1888.Bytheyear2000theremaybeasmanyas29millionvehiclesonBritishroads.Alternativeformsoftransportshouldbeencouragedandinternationallawsintroducedtocontrolcarownershipanduse.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourknowledgeorexperience.　　Writeatleast250words.　　TASK2B　　Youshouldspendabout40minutesonthistask.　　Writeaboutthefollowingtopic:

　　Thethreatofnuclearweaponsmaintainsworldpeace.Nuclearpowerprovidescheapandcleanenergy.Thebenefitsofnucleartechnologyfaroutweighthedisadvantages.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?

Givereasonsforyouranswerandincludeanyrelevantexamplesfromyourknowledgeorexperience.　　Writeatleast250words.　　　　IV.Analysisofthedirections　　1.Timelimitation:

timearrangement/writingsteps审题3mins写作15mins检查2mins　　2.TaskAchievement:

Satisfyalltherequirementsofthetask.　　3.Wordlimitation:

Answersheet30lines8-10words/line10-15lines　　V.WritingBandDescriptors　　BoththeAcademicandGeneralTrainingWritingModulesconsistoftwotasks,Task1andTask2.Eachtaskisassessedindependently.TheassessmentofTask2carriesmoreweightinmarkingthanTask1.Detailedperformancedescriptorshavebeendevelopedwhichdescribewrittenperformanceatthe9IELTSbands.ThesedescriptorsapplytoboththeAcademicandGeneralTrainingModules.　　1.Task1scriptsareassessedonthefollowingcriteria:

·TaskAchievement任务完成情况-避免跑题，字数不足　　Thiscriterionassesseshowappropriately,accuratelyandrelevantlytheresponsefulfilstherequirementssetoutinthetask,usingtheminimumof150words.AcademicWritingTask1isawritingtaskwhichhasadefinedinputandalargelypredictableoutput.Itisbasicallyaninformation-transfertaskwhichrelatesnarrowlytothefactualcontentofaninputdiagramandnotto　　speculatedexplanationsthatlieoutsidethegivendata.·CoherenceandCohesion连贯和衔接　　Thiscriterionisconcernedwiththeoverallclarityandfluencyofthemessage:

howtheresponseorganisesandlinksinformation,ideasandlanguage.Coherencereferstothelinkingofideasthroughlogicalsequencing.Cohesionreferstothevariedandappropriateuseofcohesivedevices（forexample,logicalconnectors,pronounsandconjunctions）toassistinmakingtheconceptualandreferentialrelationshipsbetweenandwithinsentencesclear.·LexicalResource词汇资源-多样、准确、灵活　　Thiscriterionreferstotherangeofvocabularythecandidatehasusedandtheaccuracyandappropriacyofthatuseintermsofthespecifictask.·GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy　　语法结构的范围和准确性-句式多样、使用自然、语法标点准确　　Thiscriterionreferstotherangeandaccurateuseofthecandidate‘sgrammaticalresourceasmanifestedinthecandidate‘swritingatsentencelevel.Underlenth　　剑8中有一学生的习作是分，考官的第一句就是：

―Thetopicintroductionhasbeencopiedfromthetaskandisdeductedfromthewordcount.Thisleavestheanswerunderlengthat236words,sothecandidatelosesmarkersforthis.考生是不能够照抄作文题目的，字数将不计入，另外236的精准性表明了考官是会逐个去数文章字数是否达到要求的，所以考场上，字数限制Atleast的意思一定要理解透，不要轻易去挑战考官的情商和智商，否则丢分丢人，我们各位雅思考生可是伤不起啊！

　　3　　　　2.Task2scriptsareassessedonthefollowingcriteria:

·TaskResponse·CoherenceandCohesion·LexicalResource·GrammaticalRangeandAccuracy　　Candidatesshouldnotethatscriptswillbepenalisediftheyarea）undertheminimumwordlength,b）partlyorwhollyplagiarised,　　c）notwrittenasfull,connectedtext（usingbulletpoints项目要点inanypartoftheresponse,ornoteform,isnotappropriate,etc.）.　　　　VI.AnalysisofSampleScript　　1.SampleScriptA　　ThisisabarchartofthenumberofmenandwomeninfurthereducationinBritaininthreeperiods.　　In1970,MostofMenwerestudyingpart-timebutfrom1980,Studyingpart-timewasdecreasedandstudyingfull-timewasincreasedandin1990,itwastwiceasmanystudentsasin1970.Ontheotherhand,Womenstudyingfull-timewereincreasedandnotonlyFull-time,part-timealsowereincreased,in1990,studyingfull-timewasthreetimesasmanystudentsasin1970.Incomparemenandwomen,asyousee,in1970,menwerestudyingmorethanwomenfull-timeorpart-timebutitchangedfrom1980andthen,in190womenwerestudyingpart-timemorethanmenandstudyingfull-timewassamenumber.　　Itshowsyouwomenhasahigheducationnow.（132words）　　ExaminercommentBand5　　Thelengthoftheanswerisjustacceptable.Thereisagoodattempttodescribetheoveralltrendsbutthecontentwouldhavebeengreatlyimprovedifthecandidatehadincludedsomereferencetothefiguresgivenonthegraph.Withoutthese,thereaderislackingsomeimportantinformation.Theanswerisquitedifficulttofollowandtherearesomepunctuationerrorsthatcauseconfusion.Thestructuresarefairlysimpleandeffortstoproducemorecomplexsentencesarenotsuccessful.　　2.SampleScriptB　　Accordingtothegraph,thenumberofmenandwomeninfurthereducationinBritainshowsthefollowingpattern.　　Inthecaseofmale,thenumberofmalehasdeclinedslightlyfromabout1000thousandsin1970toabout850thousandsin1990.However,thefigurerosebacktoabout850thousandsin1990fromabout820thousandsin1980.Theproportionoffull-timeeducationhasdeclinedduringtheperiod.However,theproportionofpart-timeeducationhasincreaseddramatically.　　Ontheotherhand,inthecaseoffemale,thenumberoffemalefull-timeeducationandpart-timeeducationhasincreasedduringthisperiod.　　Fromabout700thousandsin1970,thesefiguresrosetoabout820thousandsin1980,toabout1100thousandsin1990.….　　4　　　　ExaminercommentBand6　　Thecandidatehasmadeagoodattempttodescribethegraphslookingatglobaltrendsandmoredetailedfigures.Thereis,however,someinformationmissingandtheinformationisinaccurateinminorareas.Theanswerflowsquitesmoothlyalthoughconnectivesareoverusedorinappropriate,andsomeofthepointsdonotlinkupwell.Thegrammaticalaccuracyisquitegoodandthelanguageusedtodescribethetrendsiswell-handled.However,thereareproblemswithexpressionandtheappropriatechoiceofwordsandthereisgoodstructuralcontrol,thecomplexityandvariationinthesentencesarelimited.　　3.SampleScriptC　　Theboldgraphshowsthetelevisionaudiencesthroughouttheday.[总]Itshowsthatthepercentageofaudiencesiszeropercentinearlymorningbutitgraduallyrisesuptotenpercentat8:

00amandmaintainsthesameforthenexttwohours.Thereisaslightfallinpercentageinnexttwohourshoweverafterthatitrisessharpuptotwentypercentwithinthenexttwohours.Afterthisthegraphrisesfastandattainsitspeakat10pmwhichisaboutforty-fivepercent.Thenthegraphgraduallyfallsdownandat2:

00amitisatfivepercent.[agoodvarietyofcohesivedevices]Thethinnergraphshowsthepercentageofradioaudiences.Unlikethetelevisiononethepeakpercentageoftheradioaudiencesisat8:

00amwhichisabout30percent.Thenitgraduallyfallsanditcorrespondswiththetelevisiononeattwopm.Afterthatitgraduallyfallsbutwithasmallincreaseinpercentageat4:

30to6:

00pm.Thepercentageofaudiencethengraduallygoesdownandat2:

00amitisthelowestwhichisnear2percentage.Thesegraphsprovetheprogressivepopularityoftelevision.[总]（192words）　　ExaminercommentBand7　　Theanswerdealswellwithboththeindividualmediatrendsandtheoverallcomparisonofthesetrends.Theopeningcouldbemorefullydevelopedwiththeinclusionofinformationrelatingtothegroupsstudiedandtheperiodoftimeduringwhichthestudytookplace.Thereisagoodvarietyofcohesivedevicesandthemessagecanbefollowedquiteeasilyalthoughtheexpressionissometimesalittleclumsy.Structuresarecomplexandvocabularyisvariedbutthereareerrorsinwordforms,tenseandvoicethoughthesedonotimpedecommunication.　　　　VII.雅思写作（学术类）题型解析　　写作考试形式　　IELTS考试写作（学术类）部分总共用时60分钟，包含两篇作文的写作要求，考生需完成这两篇作文。

作答方式　　考生需将答案填写在答卷中。

考试时间　　我们建议考生用花20分钟写作文一、40分钟写作文二。

考生需在1小时内完成两篇作文。

作文二比作文一的分数所占的比例要高，因此考生应给留有充