七年级词性和句型 讲义设计+练习.docx
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七年级词性和句型讲义设计+练习
词性
1.名词（n.）:
表示人、事物地点或抽象概念的名称
T
ina,car,people,school,dream......
2.代词（pron.）:
用来代替名词。
I,you,she,he......
3.动词（v.）:
表动作或状态。
Be,eat,have,like......
4.形容词（adj.）:
表人或事物的性质或特征。
Relaxing,cute,shy,beautiful.....
5.副词（adv.）：
修饰动词、形容词、副词。
在句中表示行为或状态特征的词。
表时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。
Beautifully,happily,well....
6.数词（num.）:
表示数目或顺序。
One,two,three......
7.冠词8.连词9.介词10.语气词（hey,wow..）
句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
1. 主语（subject）：
句子说明的人或事物。
Thesun risesintheeast（名词） He likesdancing.（代词）
Twentyyears isashorttimeinhistory.（数词） Seeing isbelieving.（动名词）
Tosee istobelieve.（不定式） Whatheneeds isabook.（主语从句）
It isveryclear thattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.
（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
（一）指出下列句中主语的中心词
①Theteacherwithtwoofhisstudentsiswalkingintotheclassroom.
②Thereisanoldmancominghere.
③Theusefuldictionarywasgivenbymymotherlastyear.
④Todotoday'shomeworkwithouttheteacher'shelpisverydifficult.
2. 谓语（predicate）：
是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。
We study English. He is asleep.
（二）.选出句中谓语的中心词
①Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.
A.don'tB.likeC.pictureD.wall
②Thedaysgetlongerandlongerwhensummercomes.
A.getB.longerC.daysD.summer
③Doyouusuallygotoschoolbybus?
A.DoB.usuallyC.goD.bus
④Therewillbeameetingatthelibrarythisafternoon.
A.willbeB.meetingC.thelibraryD.afternoon
⑤Didthetwinshaveporridgefortheirbreakfast?
A.DidB.twinsC.haveD.breakfast
3. 表语（predicative）：
系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
Heisa teacher. （名词） Seventy-four!
Youdon’tlook it.（代词）
Fiveandfiveis ten.（数词） Heis asleep. （形容词）
Hisfatheris in.（副词） Thepictureis onthewall. （介词短语）
Mywatchis gone/missing/lost. （形容词化的分词）
Thequestionis whethertheywillcome.（表语从句）
（常见的系动词有:
be,sound（听起来）,look（看起来）,feel（摸起来，smell（闻起来）,taste（尝、吃起来）,remain（保持，仍是）,feel（感觉）……
Itsounds agoodidea. Thesoundsounds strange.
Hervoicesounds sweet. Tomlooks thin.
Thefoodsmells delicious. Thefoodtastes good.
Thedoorremains open. NowIfeel tired.
（三）挑出下列句中的表语
①Theoldmanwasfeelingverytired. ②WhyisheworriedaboutJim?
③Theleaveshaveturnedyellow. ④SoonTheyallbecameinterestedinthesubject.
⑤Shewasthefirsttolearnaboutit.
4. 宾语：
1）动宾表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。
放在及物动词或者介词之后。
如：
Ilike China.（名词） Hehates you.（代词）
Howmanydoyouneed?
Weneed two.（数词）Ienjoy working withyou.（动名词）
Ihope tosee youagain.（不定式） Didyouwritedown whathesaid?
（宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Areyouafraidof thesnake?
Underthesnow,therearemanyrocks.
3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
Hegave me abook yesterday. Give thepoorman somemoney.
（四）挑出下列句中的宾语
①Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.
②PeopleallovertheworldspeakEnglish.
③Youmustpaygoodattentiontoyourpronunciation.
④Howmanynewwordsdidyoulearnlastclass?
⑤Someofthestudentsintheschoolwanttogoswimming,howaboutyou?
5. 宾补：
对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
Weelectedhim monitor. （名词） Weallthinkit apity thatshedidn’tcomehere.（名词）
Wewillmakethem happy.（形容词）Wefoundnobody in.（副词）
Pleasemakeyourself athome.（介词短语）Don’tlethim dothat.（省to不定式）
Hisfatheradvisedhim toteachthelazyboyalesson.（带to不定式）
Don’tkeepthelights burning.（现在分词）I’llhavemybike repaired.（过去分词）
（五）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①Shelikesthechildrentoreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room.
②Heaskedhertotaketheboyoutofschool.
③Shefounditdifficulttodothework.
④TheycallmeLilysometimes.
⑤IsawMr.Wanggetonthebus.
⑥DidyouseeLiMingplayingfootballontheplaygroundjustnow?
6. 定语：
修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
AiYanlingisa chemistry teacher.（名词）Heis our friend.（代词）
Webelongtothe third world.（数词）Hewasadvisedtoteachthe lazy boyalesson.（形容词）
Theman overthere ismyoldfriend.（副词）
Thewoman withababyinherarms ismysister.（介词）
Theboys playingfootball areinClass2.（现在分词）
Thetrees plantedlastyear aregrowingwellnow.（过去分词）
Ihaveanidea todoitwell.（不定式）Youshoulddoeverything thatIdo.（定语从句）
（六）挑出下列句中的定语
①TheyuseMr.,Mrs.withthefamilyname.
②Whatisyourgivenname?
③OnthethirdlapareClass1andClass3.
④Iamafraidsomepeopleforgottosweepthefloor.
⑤Themandownstairswastryingtosleep.
7. 状语：
用来修饰v.,adj.,adv.,or句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）
Iwillgothere tomorrow. Themeetingwillbeheld inthemeetingroom.
Themeatwentbad becauseofthehotweather. Hestudieshard tolearnEnglishwell.
Hedidn’tstudyhard sothathefailedintheexam. Ilikesomeofyou verymuch.
Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam. Hegoestoschool bybike.
Thoughheisyoung,hecandoitwell.
（七）挑出下列句中的状语
①Therewasabigsmileonherface.
②Everynightheheardthenoiseupstairs.
③HebegantolearnEnglishwhenhewaseleven.
④Themanonthemotorbikewastravellingtoofast.
⑤Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,MissLihurriedoff.
（八）划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
①Pleasetellusastory.
②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.
④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Didheleaveanymessageforme?
英语中五大基本句型
1、主（Subject）+谓（Predicate）
Ieatatsix.
Thefireisburning.
Thechildrenareplaying.
Sheworkshard.
Thesunsetsinthewest.
2、主+系（谓）+表
Iamastudent.
Itisabeautifultoy.
Themusicsoundsgreat.
Hebecameateacher.
3、主+谓+宾（Object）
Weplaysoccer.
Ilikestrawberries.
HespeaksEnglishwell.
Tinahasabaseball.
4、主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语
Hegivesmealetter.
Ibuymymomsomeflowers.
Helentmetenyuan.
5、主+谓+宾语+宾语补足语
Ifoundthisanswerwrong.
Youcanleavethedooropen.
Hemakeshismothersad.
练习题：
写出划线部分的句子成分。
1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.
3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.
5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.
6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.
7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.
8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.
9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.
11.HisnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.
（一）挑出下列句中的宾语
① Mybrother doesn't do hishomework.
ABCD
② People all over theworld speak English.
ABCD
③Youmustpay good attention to your pronunciation.
ABCD
④Howmanynew words do you learn ?
ABCD
⑤Someofthe students intheschoolwant togoswimming, how about you?
ABCD
（二）挑出下列句中的表语
① Theoldman is feeling very tired.
ABCD
②Whyis he worried about Jim?
ABCD
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
ABCD
④Soon They all becomeinterested inthesubject.
ABCD
⑤She is thefirst tolearn aboutit.
ABCD
（三）挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr.Mrs.withthe family name.
ABCD
② What is your given name?
ABCD
③Onthe third lap are Class1andClass3.
ABCD
④Iam afraid some people forgot tosweep thefloor.
ABCD
⑤ Theman downstairs was trying tosleep.
ABCD
（四）挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She likes thechildren toreadnewspapersandbooks inthe reading-room.
ABCD
②He asks her totaketheboy outofschool.
ABCD
③She find it difficult todothework.
ABCD
④They call me Lily sometimes.
ABCD
⑤ I saw Mr.Wang getonthebus.
ABCD
（五）挑出下列句中的状语
① There is abigsmile onherface.
ABCD
② Everynight he heard thenoise upstairs.
ABCD
③He began tolearn English whenhewaseleven.
ABCD
④ Theman onthemotorbike istravelling tofast.
ABCD
⑤ Withthemedicineboxunderherarm, Miss Li hurriedoff.
ABCD
（六）划出句中的直接宾语（）和间接宾语（）
①Pleasetellusastory.②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.
③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.
⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?
参 考 答 案
（一）①teacher②man③dictionary④Todo
（二）①B②A③C④A⑤C
（三）①tired ②worried ③yellow ④interested ⑤first
（四）①hishomework ②English ③yourpronunciation ④newwords ⑤togoswimming
（五）①toreadnewspapersandbooksinthereading-room ②totaketheboyoutofschool
③Lily ④getonthebus ⑤playingfootballontheplayground
（六）①family ②given ③third ④some ⑤downstairs
（七）①ontheface ②Everynight ③whenhewaseleven ④fast ⑤off
（八）①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语 ②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语
③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语 ④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语message,直接宾语
典型例题答案
一.写出划线部分的句子成分。
1.主，谓，宾，状2.定，状
3.表4.谓，宾，状
5.定，定6.谓，状
7.谓，宾，状8.谓，状
9.表10.表
11.定，表12.状，状
课后练习
（三）①D②D③B④A⑤B（四）①D②B③D④C⑤B
（五）①C②C③A④B⑤B（六）①C②C③C④C⑤D
（七）①D②A③D④D⑤A（八）①us,间接宾语astory,直接宾语
②me,间接宾语anewbike,直接宾语③us,间接宾语history,直接宾语
④Tom,间接宾语it,直接宾语⑤me,间接宾语m
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