定语从句详解例句精品.docx

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定语从句详解例句精品.docx

定语从句详解例句精品

定语从句详解例句(精品)

 

 

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定语从句详解+例句

一、定语从句及相关术语

1.定语从句:

修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。

2.关系词:

引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词

关系词有关系代词和关系副词。

关系代词有that,which,who,whom, whose,as 等;

关系副词有where,when,why等。

关系词常有3个作用:

1,引导定语从句。

2,代替先行词。

3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。

 

二.关系代词引导的定语从句

1.who指人,在从句中做主语

(1)Theboys who are playingfootballare fromClassOne.

(2)YesterdayIhelpedan oldman wholosthisway.

2.whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。

(1) Mr. Liuis theperson(whom)youtalked aboutonthebus.

(2) Mr. Ling is justtheboy whomIwanttosee.

注意:

关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。

(3)Theman who/whom you metjustnowismyfriend.

3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略

(1)Footballis agamewhichisliked bymostboys. 

(2)Thisisthepen(which)he boughtyesterday.

4.that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。

在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。

(5)The numberofthepeoplethat/who cometo visitthe cityeachyearrisesonemillion.

(6)Where is theman that/whomI sawthismorning?

 

5.whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语

(1)Hehas afriendwhosefatherisadoctor.

(2) I oncelived in ahousewhoseroof has fallenin. 

whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替

(3) Theclassroom whosedoorisbrokenwill soonbe repaired.

(4)Theclassroomthedoorof which isbrokenwill soon berepaired.

(5)Doyou like thebook whosecover isyellow?

(6)Do youlikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?

 

三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导

(1)Theschool (that/which) heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.

(2)Theschool in whichheonce studiedis very famous.

(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine (that/which) youaskedfor.

(4)TomorrowI willbring here amagazine forwhichyouasked. 

(5)We'llgotohear thefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehave oftentalkedabout. 

(6)We'llgoto hear thefamous singeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.

注意:

1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:

lookfor,look after,takecareof等

(1)This isthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)

(2)This isthewatchfor whichI am looking.(F)

2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose

(1) The manwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend. (T)

(2)The manwho/that youtalkedwithismy friend.(F)

(3)The planein whichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)

(4)The planeinthatweflewin to Canadaisvery comfortable.(F)

3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all, neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词

(1)Heloved hisparentsdeeply, both ofwhomareverykindto him.

(2)Inthebaskettherearequite manyapples, someofwhich have gonebad.

(3)There arefortystudents inourclass in all,mostofwhomarefrom bigcities. 

四.关系副词引导的定语从句

1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语

(1)Istill rememberthedaywhen Ifirstcame totheschool. 

(2) The timewhenwegottogether finally came.

2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语 

(1)Shanghaiisthe citywhere Iwas born.

(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohas beenpulleddown. 

3. why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语

(1)Please tellmethe reasonwhy youmissedthe plane.

(2) Idon'tknowthereasonwhyhe looksunhappy today.

注意:

关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换

(1) Thereasonwhy/forwhichhe refusedthe invitationisnotclear, 

(2)From theyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingto schoolhebegantoknowwhathe wantedwhenhe grewup.

(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/where Iwasborn.

五.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 

限制性定语从句举例:

(1)The teachertold me thatTomwasthe only personthat Icoulddepend on. 

(2) Chinaisacountrywhich hasalonghistory. 

非限制性定语从句举例:

(1)Hismother,who loveshim very much,isstrict with him.

(2) China,whichwasfoundedin1949,is becomingmoreandmorepowerful.

要注意区分以下几个句子的不同

(1)His brotherwhois nowadoctoralwaysencourageshimto go tocollege.

他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他还有其他的哥哥)

(2)Hisbrother,who isnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.

他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。

(他只有一个哥哥)

难点分析

(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况

1.当先行词是anything,everything, nothing (something除外), few,all, none,little,some 等代词时,或者是由every,any, all,some,no, little,few,much等修饰时

(1)Haveyou takendowneverythingthatMr. Li hassaid?

 

(2)Thereseemstobenothing thatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4) Thereis littlethatIcandoforyou. 

注意:

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who

(4)Anymanthat/.who hasasenseof dutywon't dosuchathing.

2.当先行词被序数词修饰

(1)The firstplacethattheyvisitedinLondon was theBigBen. 

3.当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时

(1)Thisisthebest film that Ihaveseen.

4. 当形容词被the very,theonly修饰时

(1)This is thevery dictionary thatIwantto buy, 

(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthathe owned.

当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who 

(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschool whowillattend themeeting/

5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时

(1)Whois the manthat isstandingthere?

(2) WhichistheT-shirt thatfitsme most?

6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时 

(1)Canyourememberthe scientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句

as和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。

具体情况是:

1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。

(1)Hemarried her,as/which wasnatural.

(2) Hewas honest, as/whichwecan see. 

2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。

另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思

(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadeveloping country.

(2)Heisfrom thesouth, as wecanseefromhisaccent.

(3)John,as youknow,isa famouswriter. 

(4) Hehas beentoParismorethan severaltimes, whichIdon'tbelieve.

注意:

当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which

(5)Tomwas alwayslate forschool, whichmadehisteacherangry. 

3. 当先行次受such,thesame修饰时,常用as

(1)Ihavenever heardsuchastoryashe tells.

(2)He isnot suchafoolashelooks.

(3)Thisis thesamebook as Ilostlastweek.

注意:

当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同

(4)She worethesamedressthatshe woreatMary's wedding.

她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。

(5) Sheworethesamedressas heryoungsister wore. 

她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。

(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。

(1)Thewayin which/that/./heansweredthequestion was surprising.

(四) but 有时也可以做关系词引导定语从句

(1) There areveryfewbutunderstandhis idea.(but=whodon't)

(五)区分定语从句和同位语从句

1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系

(1)Theplanethathasjusttakenoffis for London.定语从句 

(2)Thefact that hehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句

2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分;句子也可以由when,where, how,why,whether, what等词引导,充当成分

(1)The news hetoldme istrue.

(2)Thenews thathehasjustdiedis true.

(3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语

(4)Theproblem how wecan collect somuchmoney isdifficulttosolve. 

3. 同位语从句和先行词一般可以用be动词发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句不可以

(1) Theidea that wecouldaskthe teacherforadviceiswonderful.

(2) Theidea wasthatwe couldasktheteacherforadvice.

(3)Thefactthat theearthmovesaroundtheearthisknowntoall.同位语 

(4)Thefactis thattheearthmovesaroundthe earth.

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