名人演讲国会大厦告别演讲.docx

名人演讲国会大厦告别演讲.docx

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名人演讲国会大厦告别演讲

名人演讲：

国会大厦告别演讲

道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟（douglasmacarthur）美国陆军五星上将。

出生于阿肯色州小石城的军人世家。

1899年中学毕业后考入西点军校1903年以名列第一的优异成绩毕业到工程兵部队任职并赴菲律宾执勤。

麦克阿瑟有过50年的军事实践经验被美国国民称之为“一代老兵”而其自身的又曾是“美国最年轻的准将、西点军校最年轻的校长、美国陆军历史上最年轻的陆军参谋长”凭借精妙的军事谋略和敢战敢胜的胆略麦克阿瑟堪称美国战争史上的奇才。

提起这句话：

“老兵永远不死只会慢慢凋零”（oldsoldiersneverdie,theyjustfadeaway）就不由得想起那个叼着玉米棒子烟斗的麦克阿瑟和他在1951年4月19日被解职后在国会大厦发表的题为《老兵不死》著名演讲。

我即将结束五十二年的军旅生涯。

我从军是在本世纪开始之前而这是我童年的希望与梦想的实现。

自从我在西点军校的教练场上宣誓以来这个世界已经过多次变化而我的希望与梦想早已消逝但我仍记着当时最流行的一首军歌词极为自豪地宣示“老兵永远不死只会慢慢凋零”。

iamclosingmy52yearsofmilitaryservice.whenijoinedthearmy,evenbeforetheturnofthecentury,itwasthefulfillmentofallofmyboyishhopesanddreams.theworldhasturnedovermanytimessinceitooktheoathontheplainatwestpoint,andthehopesanddreamshavelongsincevanished,butistillremembertherefrainofoneofthemostpopularbarrackballadsofthatdaywhichproclaimedmostproudlythat"oldsoldiersneverdie;theyjustfadeaway."

就像这首歌中的老兵一位想尽一已之责的老兵而上帝也赐予光辉使他能看清这一项责任而我现在结束了军旅生涯而逐渐凋谢。

andliketheoldsoldierofthatballad,inowclosemymilitarycareerandjustfadeaway,anoldsoldierwhotriedtodohisdutyasgodgavehimthelighttoseethatduty.

演讲全文：

macarthur:

farewelladdresstocongress

mr.president,mr.speaker,anddistinguishedmembersofthecongress:

istandonthisrostrumwithasenseofdeephumilityandgreatpride--humilityintheweightofthosegreatamericanarchitectsofourhistorywhohavestoodherebeforeme;prideinthereflectionthatthishomeoflegislativedebaterepresentshumanlibertyinthepurestformyetdevised.herearecenteredthehopesandaspirationsandfaithoftheentirehumanrace.idonotstandhereasadvocateforanypartisancause,fortheissuesarefundamentalandreachquitebeyondtherealmofpartisanconsideration.theymustberesolvedonthehighestplaneofnationalinterestifourcourseistoprovesoundandourfutureprotected.itrust,therefore,thatyouwilldomethejusticeofreceivingthatwhichihavetosayassolelye_pressingtheconsideredviewpointofafellowamerican.

iaddressyouwithneitherrancornorbitternessinthefadingtwilightoflife,withbutonepurposeinmind:

toservemycountry.theissuesareglobalandsointerlockedthattoconsidertheproblemsofonesector,oblivioustothoseofanother,isbuttocourtdisasterforthewhole.whileasiaismonlyreferredtoasthegatewaytoeurope,itisnolesstruethateuropeisthegatewaytoasia,andthebroadinfluenceoftheonecannotfailtohaveitsimpactupontheother.therearethosewhoclaimourstrengthisinadequatetoprotectonbothfronts,thatwecannotdivideoureffort.icanthinkofnogreatere_pressionofdefeatism.ifapotentialenemycandividehisstrengthontwofronts,itisforustocounterhiseffort.themunistthreatisaglobalone.itssuccessfuladvanceinonesectorthreatensthedestructionofeveryothersector.youcannotappeaseorotherwisesurrendertomunisminasiawithoutsimultaneouslyunderminingoureffortstohaltitsadvanceineurope.

beyondpointingoutthesegeneraltruisms,ishallconfinemydiscussiontothegeneralareasofasia.beforeonemayobjectivelyassessthesituationnowe_istingthere,hemustprehendsomethingofasia'spastandtherevolutionarychangeswhichhavemarkedhercourseuptothepresent.longe_ploitedbytheso-calledcolonialpowers,withlittleopportunitytoachieveanydegreeofsocialjustice,individualdignity,orahigherstandardoflifesuchasguidedourownnobleadministrationinthephilippines,thepeoplesofasiafoundtheiropportunityinthewarjustpasttothrowofftheshacklesofcolonialismandnowseethedawnofnewopportunity,aheretoforeunfeltdignity,andtheself-respectofpoliticalfreedom.

musteringhalfoftheearth'spopulation,and60percentofitsnaturalresourcesthesepeoplesarerapidlyconsolidatinganewforce,bothmoralandmaterial,withwhichtoraisethelivingstandardanderectadaptationsofthedesignofmodernprogresstotheirowndistinctculturalenvironments.whetheroneadherestotheconceptofcolonizationornot,thisisthedirectionofasianprogressanditmaynotbestopped.itisacorollarytotheshiftoftheworldeconomicfrontiersasthewholeepicenterofworldaffairsrotatesbacktowardtheareawhenceitstarted.

inthissituation,itbeesvitalthatourowncountryorientitspoliciesinconsonancewiththisbasicevolutionaryconditionratherthanpursueacourseblindtotherealitythatthecolonialeraisnowpastandtheasianpeoplescovettherighttoshapetheirownfreedestiny.whattheyseeknowisfriendlyguidance,understanding,andsupport--notimperiousdirection--thedignityofequalityandnottheshameofsubjugation.theirpre-warstandardoflife,pitifullylow,isinfinitelylowernowinthedevastationleftinwar'swake.worldideologiesplaylittlepartinasianthinkingandarelittleunderstood.whatthepeoplesstriveforistheopportunityforalittlemorefoodintheirstomachs,alittlebetterclothingontheirbacks,alittlefirmerroofovertheirheads,andtherealizationofthenormalnationalisturgeforpoliticalfreedom.thesepolitical-socialconditionshavebutanindirectbearinguponourownnationalsecurity,butdoformabackdroptocontemporaryplanningwhichmustbethoughtfullyconsideredifwearetoavoidthepitfallsofunrealism.

ofmoredirectandimmediatelybearinguponournationalsecurityarethechangeswroughtinthestrategicpotentialofthepacificoceaninthecourseofthepastwar.priortheretothewesternstrategicfrontieroftheunitedstateslayontheliterallineoftheamericas,withane_posedislandsaliente_tendingoutthroughhawaii,midway,andguamtothephilippines.thatsalientprovednotanoutpostofstrengthbutanavenueofweaknessalongwhichtheenemycouldanddidattack.

thepacificwasapotentialareaofadvanceforanypredatoryforceintentuponstrikingattheborderinglandareas.allthiswaschangedbyourpacificvictory.ourstrategicfrontierthenshiftedtoembracetheentirepacificocean,whichbecameavastmoattoprotectusaslongasweheldit.indeed,itactsasaprotectiveshieldforalloftheamericasandallfreelandsofthepacificoceanarea.wecontrolittotheshoresofasiabyachainofislandse_tendinginanarcfromthealeutianstothemariannasheldbyusandourfreeallies.fromthisislandchainwecandominatewithseaandairpowereveryasiaticportfromvladivostoktosingapore--withseaandairpowereveryport,asisaid,fromvladivostoktosingapore--andpreventanyhostilemovementintothepacific.

anypredatoryattackfromasiamustbeanhibiouseffort._nohibiousforcecanbesuccessfulwithoutcontrolofthesealanesandtheairoverthoselanesinitsavenueofadvance.withnavalandairsupremacyandmodestgroundelementstodefendbases,anymajorattackfromcontinentalasiatowardusorourfriendsinthepacificwouldbedoomedtofailure.

undersuchconditions,thepacificnolongerrepresentsmenacingavenuesofapproachforaprospectiveinvader.itassumes,instead,thefriendlyaspectofapeacefullake.ourlineofdefenseisanaturaloneandcanbemaintainedwithaminimumofmilitaryeffortande_pense.itenvisionsnoattackagainstanyone,nordoesitprovidethebastionsessentialforoffensiveoperations,butproperlymaintained,wouldbeaninvincibledefenseagainstaggression.theholdingofthisliteraldefenselineinthewesternpacificisentirelydependentuponholdingallsegmentsthereof;foranymajorbreachofthatlinebyanunfriendlypowerwouldrendervulnerabletodeterminedattackeveryothermajorsegment.

thisisamilitaryestimateastowhichihaveyettofindamilitaryleaderwhowilltakee_ception.forthatreason,ihavestronglyremendedinthepast,asamatterofmilitaryurgency,thatundernocircumstancesmustformosafallundermunistcontrol.suchaneventualitywouldatoncethreatenthefreedomofthephilippinesandthelossofjapanandmightwellforceourwesternfrontierbacktothecoastofcalifornia,oregonandwashington.

tounderstandthechangeswhichnowappearuponthechinesemainland,onemustunderstandthechangesinchinesecharacterandcultureoverthepast50years.china,upto50yearsago,waspletelynon-homogenous,beingpartmentedintogroupsdividedagainsteachother.thewar-makingtendencywasalmostnon-e_istent,astheystillfollowedthetesoftheconfucianidealofpacifistculture.attheturnofthecentury,undertheregimeofchangtsolin,effortstowardgreaterhomogeneityproducedthestartofanationalisturge.thiswasfurtherandmoresuccessfullydevelopedundertheleadershipofchiangkai-shek,buthasbeenbroughttoitsgreatestfruitionunderthepresentregimetothepointthatithasnowtakenonthecharacterofaunitednationalismofincreasinglydominant,aggressivetendencies.

throughthesepast50yearsthechinesepeoplehavethusbeemilitarizedintheirconceptsandintheirideals.theynowconstitutee_cellentsoldiers,withpetentstaffsandmanders.thishasproducedanewanddominantpowerinasia,which,foritsownpurposes,isalliedwithsovietrussiabutwhichinitsownconceptsandmethodshasbeeaggressivelyimperialistic,withalustfore_pansionandincreasedpowernormaltothistypeofimperialism.

thereislittleoftheideologicalconcepteitheronewayoranotherinthechinesemake-up.thestandardoflivingissolowandthecapitalaccumulationhasbeensothoroughlydissipatedbywarthatthemassesaredesperateandeagertofollowanyleadershipwhichseemstopromisethealleviationoflocalstringencies.

ihavefromthebeginningbelievedtha