中国文化英语翻译.docx

中国文化英语翻译.docx

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中国文化英语翻译

Unit1中国丝绸

中国是丝绸的故乡。

栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。

商周时期（前1600——前256）丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。

西汉（前206——公元25）时张蹇通西域，把中元与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。

从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征、东方文明的使者。

ChineseSilk

Chinaisthehomeofsilk.Mulberryplanting,sericulture,silkreelingandthickeningareallgreatinventionsoftheancientChinese.AsearlyastheShangandZhouDynasties（1600-BC256BC）,theChinesepeople’ssilk-weavingtechniqueshadreachedanextremelyhighlevel.DuringtheWesternHanDynasty（206BC-25AD）,ZhangJian,anoutstandingdiplomat,traveledaroundcentralAsiaandconnectedChinawiththePersianGulfandtheMediterranean,openingupaneweraofSino-foreigntrade,exchangeandcommunication.Fromthenon,China’ssilkbecamewellknownforitsextraordinaryquality,exquisitedesignandcolor,andabundantculturalconnotations.Hitherto,ChinesesilkhasbeenacceptedasasymbolofChinesecultureandtheemissaryoforientalcivilization.

Unit2中国园林

中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。

其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。

游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。

在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。

ChineseClassicalGarden

TheChineseclassicalgardenisaprecioustreasureofourancientChinesearchitecture.Itisakindofenvironmentart,whichsystematicallycombinesartificialmountainsandrivers,plantsandbuildingswiththenaturallandscape.TheconstructionstandardofaChineseclassicalgardenis“artificialasitis,thegardenmustlookingeniousandnatural.”WhenyougosightseeinginaChineseclassicalgarden,youshouldbeabletoappreciateitsartisticconceptwhich“makesuseofthenaturallandscapetocreatetherealfunofmountainsandriversfoeviewers.”Oftheworld’sthreemajorgardensystems,theChineseclassicalgardenishailedasoneoftheoriginsoftheworld’sgardenduetoitslonghistoryandabundantconnotations.

Unit3文房四宝

笔墨纸砚是中国古时文人书房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。

用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。

秦（前221——前206）时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代（前206——公元220）以人工制墨代替了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失使用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。

“文房四宝”到宋朝（960——1279）以后特指湖笔（浙江湖州）、徽墨（安徽徽州）、宣纸（安徽宣州）、端砚（广东肇庆，古称端州）。

可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。

TheFourTreasuresoftheStudy

Thewritingbrush,inkstick,inkstone,andpaperwererequisitetreasuresinthestudyofthescholarsofancientChina,andtheyareoftenreferredtoasthe“FourTreasuresoftheStudy.”ThewritingbrushandinkstickhavebeenusedbytheChinesetowriteandpaintsince5,000yearsago.IntheQinDynasty（221BC-206BC）,peoplealreadyusedfeathersofdifferenthardnessandbambootrunkstomakebrushes.DuringtheHanDynasty（206BC-220AD）,man-madeinkwasusedinsteadofnaturalink.AfterpaperwasinventedbytheChinese,bambooslips,woodentables,brocadeandsilk,whichoriginallyfunctionedaswritingsurfaces,graduallyfadedout.Theinkstonewasfirstdevelopedwiththeuseofwritingbrushesandink.AftertheSongDynasty（960AD-1279AD）,the“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”particularlyreferredtohubi,thewritingbrushproducedinHuzhou,Zhejiangprovince;huimo,theinkstickproducedinHuizhou,Anhuiprovince;xuanpaper,akindofpaperproducedinXuanzhou,Anhuiprovinceandduanyan,theinkstonemadeinZhaoqing,Guangdongprovince（ZhaoqingwasearliercalledDuanzhou）.Indeed,the“FourTreasuresoftheStudy”havewrittenthewholeChinesecivilization,asitis.

Unit4对联

对联又称楹联或对子，是依中文语言一字一音的特征撰写的一种民族文体。

中国对联的哲学深渊及深层民族文化心理，乃是古代中国人把握和认识事物的阴阳二元观念。

对联的特征是“对仗”：

字数相等，词性相同，平仄相合，内容相关，节奏相应。

对联习俗多样，有春联、婚联、寿联、挽联、茶联等。

AntitheticalCouplets

Theantitheticalcouplet（alsocalledduilian）isalsoknownasyinglianorduilian.Anantitheticalcoupletiskindofnationalwritingstyle,whichiscomposedbytheskillfulmanipulationofthecharacteristicoftheChineselanguagethatonecharactercorrespondswithonesyllable.Thephilosophicaloriginandnationalculturalpsychologyoftheantitheticalcoupletarethenotionofyin-yangduality,accordingtowhichtheChineserecognizeandmasterthings.Thefeatureoftheantitheticalcoupletisan“antithesis”:

equalcharacters,thesamepartofspeech,thelevelandobliquefittingwitheachother,thecontentsbeingrelated,andtherhythmscorresponding.Therearemanytypesofantitheticalcouplets,suchasSpringFestivalcouplets,marriagecouplets,birthdaycouplets,elegiaccouplets,andantitheticalabouttea,etc.

Unit5中国围棋

中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“棋”特指围棋。

围棋可谓中国的国棋。

古称为弈，别称坐稳、手谈。

围棋规则则简单而玄妙无穷。

棋盘方圆不及二尺，有十九纹棋路，三百六十一枚棋子。

表面上对弈双方是对黑白棋子的排布，实则是个人心智、胆识、耐力的比拼。

围棋象征宇宙天地，包含了象数易理、兵法策略、治国安邦等无穷的哲理，充分体现了中国文化中的智慧与灵性。

ChineseWeiqi

ThefourartformsinancientChinaareguqin,chess,penmanship,andpainting.AndchessparticularlyreferstoChineseWeiqi.WeiqicouldbecalledthenationalchessofChina.Inancienttimes,WeiqiwascalledYi,withthealternativenamesZuoyinandShoutan.TheregulationsofWeiqiarebothsimpleandcomplexatthesametime.AfullWeiqisethas361playingpiecesandisplayedonaboardwitha19by19grid.Thecircumferenceoftheboardislessthan2/3metre.PlayingWeiqimaylooklikeanarrangementoftwosides’blackandwhitepieces.However,itisactuallyacompetitionbetweentwoplayersanditteststheirwisdom,courage,andpatience.WeiqisymbolizedHeavenandEarth.Itcontainscountlessphilosophicaltheories,suchasthetheoriesembodiedintheimage-numerologyinTheBookOfChanges,theartofwar,andtheoriesonstateadministrationandnationalsecurity,whichembodiesthewisdomandthespiritofChineseculture.

Unit6中国京剧

京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，是地道的中国国粹。

它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。

到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。

京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。

角色主要分为生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当

ChineseBeijingOpera

Praisedas“OrientalOpera,”BeijingOperaisagenuinenationalquintessenceofChina.Itoriginatedfrommanykindsofancientlocaloperas,especiallyhuibaninsouthernChina.Attheendofthe19thCentury,

BeijingOperaevolvedandtookshape,becomingthegreatestkindofoperainChina.BeijingOperaportraysandnarratestheplotandcharactersthroughstylizedacting.ThemaintypeofrolesinBeijingOperaaresheng（male）,dan（youngfemale）,jing（paintedface,male）,andchou（clown,maleorfemale）.

Unit7中国道教

道教是中国土生土长的宗教。

创始人是春秋（前770——前476）末期的哲学家、思想家老子。

道教以老子所着的《道德经》为主要经典。

道家主张“重人贵生”，崇尚清静无为、修身养性。

“道可道，非常道。

名可名，非常名。

无名天地之始；有名万物之母。

故常无，欲以观其妙；常有，欲以观其徼”便是老子的至理名言。

ChineseTaoism

TaoismfirstoriginatedinChina.ThefounderofTaoismisLaozi,aphilosopherandthinkerwholivedinthelateSpringandAutumnPeriod（770BC-476BC）.TaoTeChing,whoseauthorshiphasbeenattributedtoLaozi,isconsideredtobethemainTaoismclassic.Taoismadvocatesthevalueofahumanbeing’slife,recommendsthediscardingofalldesiresandworriesfromone’smind,andencouragesthecultivationofmoralcharacterandthenourishmentofhumannature.ThefollowingisanexampleofLaozi’sgoldensayings:

Thewaythatcanbetoldofisnotanunvaryingway;

Thenamesthatcanbenamedarenotunvaryingnames.

ItwasfromthenamelessthatHeavenandEarthsprang;

Thenamedisbutthemotherthatrearsthetenthousandcreatures,eachafteritskind.

Truly,onlyhethatridshimselfforeverofdesirecanseethesecretessences;

Hethathasneverridhimselfofdesirecanseeonlytheoutcomes.

Unit8中国成语

成语是汉语中意义完整地表示一般概念的固定词组或短语。

“成语”中的“成”即是约定俗成。

成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。

绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：

自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。

成语主要从民间谚、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。

ChineseIdioms

Chineseidiomsrefertocomprehensiveandintegratedfixedphrasesandexpressions.Idiomsareestablishedandacceptedbyconstantusageandcommonpractice.Anidiomisalanguageunitthatislargerthanaword,buthasthesamegrammaticalfunctionasaword.MostChineseidiomsconsistoffourcharacters.Forexample,ziqiangbuxi（makeunremittingeffortstoimproveoneself）,qingchuyulan（bluethanindigo）,andhoujibofa（successcomeswithtimeandeffort）.Idiomsareextractedfromfolkproverbs,ancientworksofliterature,poems,fables,allusions,andwell-knownsayings.IdiomsareapartoftheChineselanguagethatareconciseandhavegreatvitality.

Fillintheblankswithproperwords

1.

refersto;approval;consistsof;discussion;accountsfor;main;putsforward;aseriesof;

dealswith;gonethrough;ratherthan;increasing;expand;marketing;summed

Thisreportconcernsthedeliveryserveswewishto1______forourclients.Ourmarketresearchcompanyhasalreadygiventheinformationtothe_2_____departmentontheirrecentresearch.The_3_____pointsofthisinformationwillbegivenin_4____shortreportsforthecommitteetoexamineintheirowntime.

Themarketingdepartmenthasnowmadeaplanofactionfor_5_____ourdeliveryservice.TheManagingDirectorhasexaminedthiscarefullyandgivenithis6______.Essentiallyitpresentsthreesuggestionsfor7______andexplainsthereasonswhyweshouldconsideraslow_8_____arapidexpansion.

Thisreport9______thosereasonsandisinthreepartsitgivesmoredetailsaboutthedifficultieswehavehadwithrecruitingstaff:

1itgivesmoredetailsaboutthedifficultieswehavehadwithrecruitingstaff.

2itexplainswhyourdeliveryservicehadproblemslastmonth.

3it10______theproblemscausedbyrisinginflation.

Key:

1.expand;2.marketing;3.main;4.aseriesof;5.increasing;6.approval;7.descussion;8.ratherthan;9.summrizes;10.dealswith

2

Thesunisshinningandeverythinglooksbright.Standinthesun.Canyoufeeltheheatofthesun?

Thesunthatgivestheheatisveryfaraway.Itishardtobelievebutthesunis1______onehundredandfiftymillionkilometers_2_____.Ifaplaneflewdayandnight_3_____stopping,itwouldtakenearly18yearsto___4___thesun.

Thesundoesseemverybigtous,butit’sreallyveryhuge.Onemillionb