非谓语动词的常见区别.docx
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非谓语动词的常见区别
非谓语动词的常见区别
非谓语动词的常见区别:
I)现在分词和过去分词的区别
及物动词:
现在分词:
表正在进行的动作(有时表示时间不定)、主动
过去分词:
表已经完成的动作(有时表示时间不定)、被动
不及物动词:
现在分词:
表正在进行的动作、主动
过去分词:
表完成,不表被动
DoyouknowthewomantalkingtoTom?
Enteringthecity,theysawalotofsoldiersmarching.
Thesoldierwoundedinthewarhasbecomeadoctor.
Seenfromthetopofthehill,thecityismorebeautiful.
ChinaisadevelopingcountryandAmericaisadevelopedcountry.
Look!
Thefallingleavesareallyellow.
Lotsoffallenleavesmaketheroadyellow.
Youshoulddrinkboiledwater.
II)主语:
动名词与不定式的区别:
动名词表示较抽象的一般性的行为;不定式表示具体的某次动作。
Herjobisbuildinghouses.
Theirtasknowistobuildthefactory.
一些句型:
动名词:
It’snouse/gooddoingsth.
Thereisno+V-ing(Thereisnotellingwhatwillhappen.
不定式:
It’s+adj(表示重要性、紧迫性或频度的difficult/necessary/pleasant/easyhard…)+forsbtodosth.
It’s+adj(表示人的品质特性的honest/wist/kind/foolish/careful/good/rude/polite)+ofsbtodosth.
Ittakes/tooksbtimetodosth.
III)宾语(略)
IV)表语
1.不定式作表语时一般紧跟系动词:
be/seem/get/remain/prove,主语通常是one’swish/plan/dream/task/duty或主语从句
Nottograspfirmlyisnottograspatall.
WhatIwanttodoseemstotellyousomething.
Myplanistowashtheclothes.
2.不定式常可表示具体的某次动作,有时表将来。
Theirtasknowistobuildthefactory.
3.动名词常表抽象的一般性行为。
Theirjobisbuildinghouses.
Herhobbyispainting.
Oneofhisbadhabitsisnotspeakingclearly.
4.分词作表语多数源于表示人们某种情感或情绪的动词,现在分词表示给人感觉;过去分词表示人的感觉
moving/moved;exciting/excited;interesting/interested;boring/bored;surprising/surprised;encouraging/encouraged;puzzling/
puzzled;inspiring/inspired;pleasing/pleased;sastifying/satisfied
Wewereallmovedbythemovingstory.
Thenewssoundsencouraging.
Theygotveryexcited.
Hewaspleasedwithmywords.
V).定语
不定式作定语
1.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。
TheBrownshaveacomfortablehousetolivein.
Thereisnothingtoworryabout.
Pleasegivemeaknifetocutwith.
Hereissomepaperforyoutowriteon.
但是,不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place,或way时,不定式后面的介词习惯上省去。
Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive(in).
Wefoundawaytosolvetheproblem.
2.不定式表将来:
Iborrowedsomebookstoreadduringmyholiday.
Thestudentstoattendthemeetingwillarriveheretomorrow.
Youarewelcometoapartytobegiveninourclassat7:
30.
3.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all,any等限定的中心词或用来修饰抽象名词。
Hewasthebestmantodothejob.
ShewasthefirstwomantowinthegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
DoyouhavetheabilitytoreadandwriteEnglish?
Ihavenotchancetogosightseeing.
Theswimmingboyismybrother.(单个的分词放在名词前,分词短语放在名词后)(正在进行、主动)
Theroadjoiningthetwovillagesisverywide.(时间不定、主动)
Thisisapicturepaintedbymyfather.(被动、完成)
GoodsimportedfromabroadarenotalwaysbetterthanthosemakeinChina.(被动、时间不定)
Thequestionbeingdiscussedisveryimportant.(正在被做)
Doyouknowtheboybeingpunishedbyourteacher?
VI)补语
形式
语态
内容
Todo
(to)do(感官动词/使役动词之后省to)
与宾语是主动关系
表示去做/在感官动词之后表示全过程、已发生
Doing
与宾语是主动关系
动作正在进行
Done
与宾语是被动关系
动作已经完成
Iheardsomeonecallingme.
Iheardmynamecalled.
You’dbetterget/havethedangerousbuildingpulleddown.
Hehadhishaircut.
Ihadmyarmbrokenyesterday.
重要句型:
makeoneselfdone(understood/heard/seen/believed/known)
Ican’tmakemyselfunderstoodbecauseofmybrokenEnglish.
Ididn’tmakemyselfheardbecausealotofpeoplecriedinthehall.
VII)状语
不定式:
目的状语、结果状语、情绪形容词之后的原因状语
分词:
时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、伴随情况
Seenfromthehill,thecityisbeautiful.
Seeingfromthehill,youcanseethewholecity.
Heatedto100°C,waterwillboil.
Givenmoretime,wecouldfinishtheworksuccessful.
下周二测试V-ing的所有用法
UsingLanguage(P39):
1.arousevt.唤醒,唤起,鼓励,引起
Theoddsightarousedourcuriosity.
arousesb.fromsleep
唤醒某人
arousesuspicion
引起猜疑
arousesb.'senthusiasm
激起某人的积极性
2.appreciationn.感谢,感激,正确评价,欣赏
appreciationofmusic
音乐鉴赏
inappreciationof
因赏识...而,因感激...而
writeabriefappreciationofabook
为一本书写短评
Weofferthissmalltokenbywayofappreciation.
我们赠送这小小的礼物以表谢意。
3.concernvt.涉及,有关;感兴趣于,从事,参与,干预[涉]
;使担心[挂念],使忧虑
Thatdoesn'tconcernme.
那与我无关。
Thisproblemconcernsallofus.
这个问题攸关我们全部人
Weconcernedourselveswithaccomplishingthetaskathand.
我们参与了手边的这项任务
concernoneselfabout
关心,挂念
Pleasedon'tletmyillnessconcernyou.
请你不要担心我的疾病。
Weareallconcernedfor[about]hersafety.
我们大家都担心着她的安全。
n.所关切的事;涉及(某人)利害关系;焦虑
amatteroftheutmostconcern
关系重大的事,头等大事
haveconcernaboutthematter
关心此事
express[show]deepconcernforsb.
表示对某人十分关心
ReadingTask(P72)
Question:
1.WhotoldSaratogotohermother’shouseandwhy?
2.WhatwasthefirstsignSarahadthatshewasindanger?
3.WhowasinthehousewithSara?
4.WhydidSaraclimbedontotheroofofhercar?
1.upto1)忙于(尤其是策划和密谋):
Thatfellowmustbeuptonogood.
2)能做…或处理(对付)…:
Hedidn'tfeeluptoalongdrive.
觉得无法来开很长一段路的车
3)依靠:
Thesuccessofthisprojectisuptous.
这个项目的成败取决于我们
4)长至…:
Thestudentswerealloweduptotwohourstofinishthetest.
允许学生有两个小时来完成考试
5)多至…:
Theyboughtseedsthatyieldupto300bushelsperacre.
每英亩能产三百蒲式耳的种子
2.attachvt.附上,贴上,缚上,拴上;连接;加入,参加(to)
;使附属,使隶属;使依恋,爱慕,使喜爱(to)
attachadocumenttoaletter
将文件附在信中
attachlabelstotheluggage
把标签系在行李上
attachone'snameto
在...上签名
Heattachedhishorsetoatree.
他将马栓在树上。
Thehospitalisattachedtothatuniversity.
这医院附属于那所大学。
3.make搭配词组:
makeanoise/decision/aguessofsth/noanswer/nocomment/one’schoice/progress/aself-criticism/acontributionto
Homework:
1.完成全部练习册(周一交)
2.准备听写
21周单词测试范围:
1)Unit5词汇表
2)P34页课文划线部分词组