listenthisway3答案及原文.docx

listenthisway3答案及原文.docx

《listenthisway3答案及原文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《listenthisway3答案及原文.docx（81页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

listenthisway3答案及原文

listen-this-way-3答案及原文

Unit1

PartI  Gettingready

A.

B.Keys:

 1:

burningoftheforests/treeremoval（deforestation）/reductionoftheworld'srainforests

 2:

globalwarming/greenhouseeffect/emissionsofCO2

PartII  TheEarthatrisk（I）

A.Keys:

1.

a.Morepeople--------morefirewood----fewertrees

b.Moredomesticanimals------moreplants-----feweravailableplants

a,b--Moredesert----movesouth-----desrttexpandingsouth----nograss

2.Growingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Butifthereisn'tenoughrainthecropsdon'tgrow.    

3.Peopletrytogrowfoodtosupportthemselvesortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaised,ortogethardwoodforexport,ortomakewayforanironoremine

B.Keys:

 1:

SaharaDesert

 2:

NorthAmerica&mostofEurope

 3:

topsoilblowingaway

 4:

tropicalforestsdestruction

 5:

animal/plantspeciesbecomingextinct

 6:

climatechangeforthewholeworld

PartIII  TheEarthatrisk（II）

A.Keys:

 1:

Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots.Whenforestsinthehigherup-riverhavebeendestroyed,alltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverandstartstheflooding.

 2:

Heimpliesthatsomenationalgovernmentsjustconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesinthenearfuture,orjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.

B.Keys:

Daryreports...

PartII  TheEarthatrisk（I）

A.

I（Interviewer）:

  BrianCowlesistheproducerofanewseriesofdocumentariescalled"TheEarthatRisk"whichcanbeseenonChannel4laterthismonth.Eachprogramdealswithadifferentcontinent,doesn'tit,Brian?

B（BrianCowles）:

  That'sright.WewenttoAmerica,bothNorthandSouthandthenwewentovertoAfricaandSouth-EastAsia.      

I:

  Andwhatdidyoufindineachofthesecontinents?

B:

  StartingwithAfrica,ourfilmshowstheimpactofthepopulationontheenvironment.Generallyspeaking,thishascausedtheSaharaDeserttoexpand.It'sabitofaviciouscirclewefind.Peoplecutdowntreesforfirewoodandtheirdomesticanimalseatalltheavailableplants—andsoconsequentlytheyhavetomovesouthastheSaharaDesertexpandsfurthersouth.Imean,soonthewholeofMaliwillbecomeadesert.AndinEastAfrica:

herethegrasslandsaresupportingtoomanyanimalsandtheresultis,ofcourse,there'snograss—nothingfortheanimalstoeat.  

I:

  Isee.AndthenextfilmdealswithNorthAmerica?

B:

  That'sright.IntheUSA,asyouknow,intensiveagriculturerequiresaplentifulsupplyofrainforthesecropstogrow,Imeanifthereisn'tenoughrainthecropsdon'tgrow.Andgrowingcropsstabilizesoil,withoutthemthetopsoiljustblowsaway.Thisisalsotrueforanyregionthatisintenselyfarmed—mostofEurope,forexample. 

I:

  AndwhatdidyoufindinSouthAmerica?

B:

  InSouthAmerica（asinCentralAfricaandSouthernAsia）tropicalforestsarebeingcutdownatanalarmingrate.ThisisdonesothatpeoplecansupportthemselvesbygrowingfoodortocreaterancheswherecattlecanberaisedtobeexportedtoEuropeorAmericaastinnedmeat.Theproblemisthatthesoilissopoorthatonlyacoupleofharvestsarepossiblebeforethisverythinsoilbecomesexhausted.Anditcan'tbefedwithfertilizerslikeagriculturallandinEurope.

Forexample,inBrazilin1982anareaofjunglethesizeofBritainandFrancecombinedwasdestroyedtomakewayforanironoremine.HugenumbersoftreesarebeingcutdownforexportsashardwoodtoJapan,Europe,USAtomakethingslikeluxuryfurniture.Theseforestscan'tbereplaced—theforestsoilisthinandunproductiveandinjustafewyears,ajunglehasbecomeawasteland.Tropicalforestscontainrareplants（whichwecanuseformedicines,forexample）andanimals—oneanimalorplantspeciesbecomesextincteveryhalfhour.Theseforesttreesalsohaveworldwideeffects.Youknow,theyconvertcarbondioxideintooxygen.Theconsequenceofdestroyingforestsisnotonlythattheclimateofthatregionchanges（becausethereislessrainfall）butthischangeaffectsthewholeworld.Imean,overhalftheworld'srainforesthasbeencutdownthiscentury.

PartIIITheEarthatrisk（II）

A.

I:

  So,Brian,wouldyouagreethatwhatwegenerallythinkofasnaturaldisastersareinfactman-made?

B:

  Yes,byandlarge.Imean,obviouslynothurricanesorearthquakes,buttakeflooding,forexample.Practicallyeveryyear,thewholeofBangladeshisfloodedandthisisgettingworse.Youknow,thecauseisthatforestshavebeencutdownupinNepalandIndia,Imeanhigherup-riverintheHimalayas.Treeswouldholdrainfallintheirroots,butifthey'vebeencutdownalltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowssraightintotheriverGangesandfloodsthewholecountry.ThereasonforfloodinginSudanisthesame—theforestshigheruptheBlueNileinEthiopiahavebeendestroyedtoo.

I:

  Well,thisallsoundsterriblydepressing.Um...Whatistobedone?

Imean,cananythingbedone,infact?

B:

  Yes,ofcourseitcan.First,thenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward-lookingandconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesintenortwentyyears,notjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.Somehow,allthecountriesintheworldhavetoworktogetheronaninternationalbasis.Secondly,thepopulationhastobecontrolledinsomeway:

therearetoomanypeopletryingtoliveofftoolittleland.Thirdly,wedon'tneedtropicalhardwoodtomakeourfurniture—it'saluxurypeopleintheWestmustdowithout.Softwoodsarejustasgood,lessexpensiveandcanbeproducedonenvironment-friendly"treefarms",wheretreesarereplacedatthesameratethattheyarecutdown.

I:

  And,presumably,educationisimportantaswell.Peoplemustbeeducatedtorealizetheconsequencesoftheiractions?

B:

  Yes,ofcourse.

I:

  Well,thankyou,Brian

B.

I:

  So,Brian,wouldyouagreethatwhatwegenerallythinkofas...er...aser...naturaldisastersareinfactman-made?

B:

  Yes,byandlarge...er...Imean,obviouslynothurricanesorearthquakes,buttakeflooding,forexample.Imean,practicallyeveryyear,thewholeofBangladeshisfloodedandthisisgettingworse.Youknow,thecauseisthatforestshavebeencutdownupinNepalandIndia...Imean...higherup-riverintheHimalayas.Trees...er...wouldholdrainfallintheirroots,butifthey'vebeencutdownalltherainthatfallsinthemonsoonseasonflowsstraightintotheriverGangesandfloodsthewholecountry.ThereasonforfloodinginSudanisthesame—theforestshigheruptheBlueNileinEthiopiahavebeendestroyedtoo.

I:

  Well,thisallsoundsterriblydepressing.Um...whatistobedone?

Imean,cananythingbedone,infact?

B:

  Yes,ofcourseitcan...er...first,thenationalgovernmentshavetobeforward-lookingandconsidertheresultsoftheirpoliciesintenortwentyyears,notjustthinkasfaraheadasthenextelection.Somehow,allthecountriesintheworldhavetoworktogetheronaninternationalbasis.Secondly,thepopulationhastobecontrolledinsomeway:

therearetoomanypeopletryingtoliveofftoolittleland.Thirdly,wedon'tneedtropicalhardwoodtomakeourfurniture—it'saluxurypeopleintheWestmustdowithout.Softwoodsarejustasgood,lessexpensiveandcanbeproducedonenvironment-friendly"treefarms",wheretreesarereplacedatthesameratethattheyarecutdown.

I:

  And,presumably,educationisimportantaswell.Peoplemustbeeducatedtorealizetheconsequences...um...oftheiractions?

B:

  Yes,yesofcourse.

I:

  Well,thankyou,Brian.

PartIVMoreaboutthetopic:

TheEffectsofGlobalWarming

Theworldiswarmingup.Weknowthisbecauseaveragetemperaturesarethehighestsincescientistsstartedmeasuringthem600yearsago.Theincreaseisabout0.2℃everyyear.Thismayseemveryslight,butweknowthatslightchangesintemperaturecanhaveabigeffectonotherthings.Mostscientistsnowbelievethisglobalwarmingisduetohumanactivity.

JeffJenkinsisheadofBritain'sClimatePredictionCenter.Heexplainshowglobalwarmingcanhappen.

"Sunlightstrikestheearthandwarmsitup.Atthesametimeheatleavestheearth,butpartofthatistrappedbycarbondioxideandothergasesintheearth'satmosphere.Thathasbeenhappeningeversincetheearthwasformed.Butthefearisthatincreasingamountsofcarbondioxideproducedbyindustrialprocessesandtransportandsoonwillleadtoagreaterwarmingoftheearth'ssurface.Sothat'sthegolbalwarmingthatpeopleareconcernedabout."

Peoplearemostconcernedabouttheuseoffossilfuels.Fossilfuelsareoil,coal,woodandsoon.Whentheseburn,theyproducethegascarbondioxide.Manyscientistsagreethatanincreaseintheamountofcarbondioxideandsomeofthegasesintheatmospherewillincreasetheamountofwarming.Computersarebeingusedtopredictwhatthismaymean.Theyshowedthattherecouldbegreatchangesinrainfallandtheriseinthesealevelasicecapsinthenorthandsouthpolesmelt.ThiscouldhaveaseriouseffectonagricultureaccordingtoProf.MartinPerryofUniversityCollegeinLondon.Hesaysitcouldbecomemoredifficulttogrowfoodinthetropicsatlowerlatitudesnearertotheequator.

"Themostclearpatternemergingisthepossibilityofreducedpotentialproductioninlowerlatituderegions,andmostgenerallyspeaking,increasedpotentialinhigherlatituderegions.Lowerlatituderegionsarealreadywarm,toputitextremelysimply,andplantstherearequiteneartheirlimitsofheatanddroughtstress.Anincreaseintemperatureorreductioninmoisturewouldplacelimitsoncrop