高考英语真题汇编之阅读之科普知识类.docx
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高考英语真题汇编之阅读之科普知识类
2014全国高考汇编阅读之科普知识类
一（2014安徽卷）
B
Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway,anewstudysays.Beehives（蜂窝）-eitherrecordedorreal-mayevenpreventelephantsfromdamagingfarmer'scrops.
In2002,scientistLucyKingandherteamfoundthatelephantsavoidcertaintreeswithbeeslivinginthem.Today,LucywantstoseeifAfricanhoneybeesmightdiscourageelephantsfromeatingcrops.Butbeforesheaskedfarmertogotothetroubleofsettingupbeehivesontheirfarms,sheneededtofindoutifthebeeswouldscareelephantsaway.
LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetuparecorder.Thenshethrewastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintolife.Lucyandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmeddown.Next，LucysearchedoutelephantfamiliesinSamburuNationalReserveinnorthernKenyaandputaspeakerinaclosetoeachfamily.
Fromadistance,Lucyswitchedonthepre-recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideocamera.Halftheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenseconds.Outofatotalof17groups,onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangrybees.Lucyreportedthatalltheyoungelephantsimmediatelyrantotheirmotherstohideunderthem.WhenLucyPlayedthesoundofawaterfall（瀑布）insteadoftheangrybeestomanyofthesameelephantfamilies,theanimalswereundisturbed.Evenafterfourminutes,mostofthegroupsstayedinoneplace.
Lucyisnowstudyingwhethertheelephantswillcontinuetoavoidthesoundofangrybeesafterhearingitseveraltimes.Shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow,butherinitial（最初的）resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithfarmers.Shehasnowbegunplacingspeakersinthefieldstoseeifelephantsarefrightenedaway.
60.Weknowfromthepassagethatelephantsmayhefrightenedof.
A.loudnoisesB.somecrops
C.videocamerasD.angrybees
61.Asmentionedinthepassage,Lucy
A.worksbyherselfinAfrica
B.needstotestmoreelephantgroups
C.hasstoppedelephantseatingcrops
D.hasgotfarmerstosetupbeehivesontheirfarms
62.WhydidLucythrowastoneintoawildbeehive?
A.Torecordthesoundofbees.
B.Tomakeavideoofelephants.
C.Toseeifelephantswouldrunaway.
D.Tofindoutmoreaboutthebehaviorofbees.
63.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.YoungelephantsignoreAfricanhoneybees.
B.Waterfallscanmakeelephantsstayinoneplace.
C.Elephantsdonotgoneartreeswithbeeslivinginthem.
D.FarmersdonotallowLucytoconducttestsintheirfields.
【考点】考察科普知识类阅读
【文章大意】本文讲述了非洲大陆的大象十分害怕蜜蜂的声音，科学家LucyKing正在研究十分可以利用这个现象来保护庄稼不受大象的侵扰。
60.【答案】D
【试题解析】细节题。
根据文章第一句Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway,anewstudysays.可知愤怒的蜜蜂的录音的声音足以让非洲大象都害怕地跑开。
故D正确。
61.【答案】B
【试题解析】推理题。
根据文章最后一段Shehasn'ttestedenoughgroupsyettoknow,butherinitial（最初的）resultswerepromisingenoughtobegintrialswithfarmers.可知她需要还需要对更多的象群进行研究，以证明蜜蜂的声音对大象是有影响的。
故B正确。
62.【答案】A
【试题解析】推理题。
根据文章第三段1,2行LucyfoundawildbeehiveinsideatreeinnorthernKenyaandsetuparecorder.Thenshethrewastoneintothebeehive,whichburstintolife.Lucyandherassistanthidintheircaruntiltheangrybeeshadcalmeddown.他们找到一个蜂巢，放好录音机，然后扔一个石块击中蜂巢，让蜜蜂都飞起来寻找敌人。
他们录下这个声音。
可知他们扔石头是为了录下愤怒的蜜蜂的声音。
故A正确。
63.【答案】C
【试题解析】推理题。
根据文章倒数第二段Fromadistance,Lucyswitchedonthepre-recordedsoundofangrybeeswhileatthesametimerecordingtheelephantswithavideocamera.Halftheelephantgroupslefttheareawithintenseconds.Outofatotalof17groups,onlyonegroupignoredthesoundoftheangrybees.可知当她播放蜜蜂的声音的时候，大部分的大象都在10秒钟只能离开了，说明大象很害怕蜜蜂的声音。
故C正确。
【长难句解析】
Recordingsofangrybeesareenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway,anewstudysays.
【翻译】一个新的研究说：
愤怒的蜜蜂的录音足以让体型巨大的非洲大象都逃走。
【分析】本句中的表语areenoughtosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway中的不定式tosendbig,toughAfricanelephantsrunningaway表示的是结果。
句中有一个固定搭配sendsbdoingsth让某人做某事，doing是宾语补足语的成分。
二（2014北京卷）
D
Multitasking
Whatisthefirstthingyounoticewhenyouwalkintoashop?
Theproductsdisplayed（展示）attheentrance?
Orthesoftbackgroundmusic?
Buthaveyouevernoticethesmell?
Unlessitisbad,theanswerislikelytobeno.Butwhileashop’sscentmaynotbeoutstandingcomparedwithsightsandsounds,itiscertainlythere.Anditisprovidingtobeanincreasingpowerfultoolinencouragingpeopletopurchase.
Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.Asmellmaybeattractivebutitmaynotjustbeusedforfresheningair.Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers’intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.
WhenitcomestothebestshoppingstreetsinPairs,scentisjustasimportanttoabrand’ssuccessasthequalityofitswindowdisplaysandgoodsonslaes.Thatismainlybecauseshoppingisaverydifferentexperiencetowhatitusedtobe.
Someyearsago,thefocusforbrandnameshoppingwasonafewpeoplewithsalesassistants’disprovingattitudeanddon’t-touch-what-you-can’t-afforddisplays.Nowtheriseofelectroniccommerce（e-commerce）hasopenedupfamousbrandstoawideraudience.Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores（实体店）canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.Andscentisjustonewaytoachievethis.
Nowafamousstoreusescomplexman-madesmelltomakesurethatthesoftscentofbabypowderfloatsthroughthekiddepartment,andcoconut（椰子）scentintheswimsuitsection.Adepartmentstorehasevenopenedanewlab,invitingcustomersonajourneyintothestore’swindowstosmellbooks,potsanddrawers,insearchoftheirperfectscent.
67.Accordingtothepassage,whatisanincreasinglypowerfultoolinthesuccessofsomebrandstore?
A.Friendlyassistant.B.Uniquescents.
C.SoftbackgroundmusicD.attractivewindowdisplay.
68.E-shopsarementionedinthepassageto_______.
A.showtheadvantagesofbrick-and-mortarstores
B.urgeshopassistantstochangetheirattitude
C.pushstorestousesightsandsounds
D.introducetheriseofe-commerce
69.Theunderlinedword“destination”inParagraph5means_______.
A.aplatformthatexhibtsgoods
B.aspotwheretravelersliketostay
C.aplacewherecustomerslovetogo
D.atargetthatastoreexpectstomeet
70.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.
A.compareandevaluateB.examineandassess
C.argueanddiscussD.informandexplain
【考点】考察科普知识类阅读
【文章大意】本文介绍了现在的很多商店都运用一个新方法：
味道，来吸引顾客。
并解释了这样做的原因。
这是与网店比较起来实体店的一个优势。
67.【答案】B
【试题解析】推理题。
根据文章第三段1,2行Abrandstorehasbecomefamousforitsdistinctivescentwhichfloatsthroughthefairlydarkhallandouttotheentrance,viascentmachines.可知这家商店的成功的原因是店里很有特色的味道。
故B正确。
68.【答案】A
【试题解析】推理题。
根据第五段3,4行Butwhilee-shopscanusesightsandsounds,onlybricks-and-mortarstores（实体店）canofferafullexperiencefromtheminutecustomersstepthroughthedoortothemomenttheyleave.可知电子网店里可以使用声音和视觉来吸引顾客，那么实体店里就可以使用味道来吸引顾客。
作者举电子网店是为了说明实体店也有自己的优势。
故A正确。
69.【答案】C
【试题解析】推理题。
根据本句Anotherbrandstoreseekstobemuchmorethanashop,butratheradestination.另外一家实体店通过种种方法努力让自己不仅仅是一个商店，而成为人们愿意去的目的地，既然来到这里，他们就可能多购物了。
光顾该词是指C项含义。
70.【答案】D
【试题解析】推理题。
本文介绍了现在的很多商店都运用一个新方法：
味道，来吸引顾客。
并解释了这样做的原因。
也就是说本文是为了告诉我们这样的行为并做出解释。
故D正确。
【长难句解析】
Onesportsgoodscompanyoncereportedthatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers’intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.
【翻译】一家运动品牌公司曾经报道，当他们首先引进香味进入商店的时候，顾客们的购物欲望增加了百分之80.
【分析】本句中动词reported后面含有一个宾语从句thatwhenitfirstintroducedscentintoitsstores,customers’intensiontopurchaseincreasedby80percent.通常宾语从句的引导词that是可以省略的，但是本题宾语从句中有一个when引导的时间装预从句，所以that是不能省略。
三（2014广东卷）
D
Scientiststodayaremakinggreaterefforttostudyoceancurrents（洋流）.Mostdoitusingsatellitesandotherhigh-techequipment.However,oceanexpertCurtisEbbesmeyerdoesitinaspecialway---bystudyingmovementsofrandomfloatinggarbage.Ascientistwithmanyyears’experience,hestartedthistypeofresearchintheearly1990swhenheheardabouthundredsofathleticshoeswashingupontheshoresofthenorthwestcoastoftheUnitedStates.Thereweresomanyshoesthatpeopleweresettingupswapmeetstotryandmatchleftandrightshoestosellorwear.
Ebbesmeyerfoundoutinhisresearchesthattheshoes—about60,000intotal—fellintotheoceaninashippingaccident.Hephonedtheshoecompanyandaskediftheywantedtheshoesback.Asexpected,thecompanytoldhimthattheydidn't.Ebbesmeyerrealizedthiscouldbeagreatexperiment.Ifhelearnedwhenandwheretheshoeswentintothewaterandtrackedwheretheylanded,hecouldlearnalotaboutthepatternsofoceancurrents.
ThePacificNorthwestisoneoftheworld'sbestareasforbeachcombing（海滩搜寻）becausewindsandcurrentsjoinhere,andasaresult,thereisagroupofseriousbeachcombersinthearea.Ebbesmeyergottoknowalotofthemandaskedfortheirhelpincollectinginformationaboutwheretheshoeslanded.Inayearhecollectedreliableinformationon1,600shoes.Withthisdata,heandacolleaguewereabletotestandimproveacomputerprogramdesignedtomodeloceancurrents,andpublishthefindingsoftheirstudy.
Astheresultofhiswork,Ebbesmeyerhasbecomeknownasthescientisttocallwithquestionsaboutanyunusualobjectsfoundfloatingintheocean.Hehasevenstartedanassocia
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