国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案.docx

国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案.docx

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国际贸易实务双语教程课后题答案

Key

Chapter1

I.Answermyquestions

1.Internationaltradeisbusinesswhoseactivitiesinvolvethecrossingofnational

borders.Itincludesnotonlyinternationaltradeandforeignmanufacturingbutalso

encompassesthegrowingservicesindustryinareassuchastransportation,tourism,

banking,advertising,construction,retailing,wholesaling,andmasscommunications.

Itincludesallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.Suchbusiness

relationshipmaybeprivateorgovernmental.

2.Salesexpansion,resourceacquisitionanddiversificationofsalesandsupplies.

3.Togainprofit.

4.Toseejoutforeignmarketsandprocurement.

5.Therearefourmajorformswhicharethefollowing:

MerchandiseexportsandImports,ServiceExportsandImports,Investmentand

MultinationalEnterprise.

6.Itistheaccountwhichisasummarystatementoftheflowofallinternational

economicandfinancialtransactionsbetweenonenationUnitedStates）and

therestoftheworldoversomeperiodoftime,usuallyoneyear.

7.MerchandiseExportingandImporting.

8.Yes.Therearegreatdifferencesbetweenthem.

1）directinvestmenttakesplacewhencontrolfollowstheinvestment.Itusually

meanshighcommitmentofcapital,personnel,andtechnologyabroad.Itaimsat

gainingofforeignresourcesandforeignmarkets.Directinvestmentmayoftenget

higherforeignsalesthanexporting.Andsometimesitinvolvestwoormoreparties.

2）Whileportfolioinvestmentsarenotundercontrol.Andtheyareusedprimarily

forfinancialpurposes.Treasuresofcompanies,forexample,routinelymorefunds

fromonecountrytoanothertogetahigheryieldonshortterminvestments.

9.MNEistheabbreviationofthemultinationalenterprise.ItssynonymsareNNC

（themultinationalcorporation）andTNC（transnationalcorporation）.

10.Examplesaretravel,transport,fee,royalties,dividendsandinterest.

11.Thechoiceofformsisinfluencedbytheobjectivebeingpursuedandthe

environmentsinwhichthecompanymustoperate.

12.Itislimitedbythenumberofpeopleinterestedinafirm’sproductsand

servicesandbycustomers’capacitytomakepurchase.

13.Thisisbecauseatanearlystageofinternationalinvolvementtheseoperations

usuallytaketheleastcommitmentandleastriskofafirm’sresources.

14.Royaltiesmeansthepaymentforuseofassetsfromabroad,suchasfor

trademarkspatens,copyrights,orotherexpertiseundercontractknownaslicencing

arealsopaidfranchising.

15.Itisawayofdoingbusinessinwhichoneparty（thefranchiser）theuseofa

trademarkthatisanessentialassetforthefranchisers’business.

IIMatcheachoneontheleftwithitscorrectmeaningontheright

1.J

IIITranslatethefollowingtermsandphrasesintoChinese

1购买力11经济复苏；恢复

2潜在销售量12经济衰退

3加价，涨价13间接投资

4国内市场14有形货物

5制成品15有形进出口

6边际利润16收入及支出；岁入及岁出

7市场占有率17超额能力

8贸易歧视18贸易中间人（商）；经纪人

9时机选择19全部包建的工程承包方式

10经销周期20许可证协定

IVTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish

1.Tradeisoftenthe‘engine’ofgrowth.Howeveroversimplifiedthismetaphor

maybe,itdoesservetounderlinetheimportanceofforeigntradeintheprocessof

growth.Ahealthyexpansionofexportsmaynotalwaysbesufficientconditionfor

rapidandsustainedgrowth,butastrongpositiveassociationbetweenthetwois

clearlyundeniable.Tradeexpansioncontributestoeconomicgrowthinmanyways.

Amongthemarethebenefitsofspecialization;thefavorableeffectsofinternational

competitionondomesticeconomicefficiency;theincreasedcapacitytopayforthe

importsrequiredindevelopmentandmoregenerallythestimulustoinvestment.

2.Internationaltradeistheexchangeofgoodsandservicesproducedinone

countryforgoodsandservicesproducedinanothercountry.Inadditiontovisible

trade,whichinvolvestheimportandexportofgoodsandmerchandise,thereisalso

invisibletrade,whichinvolvestheexchangeofservicesbetweennations.Nations

suchasGreeceandNorwayhavelargemaritimefleetsandprovidetransportation

service.Thisisakindofinvisibletrade.Invisibletradecanbeasimportanttosome

nationsastheexportofrawmaterialsorcommoditiesistoothers.Inbothcases,the

nationsearnthemoneytobuynecessities.

3.Thereexistdifferentwaysofconductinginternationalbusiness.Exclusivesale

meansthesellergivestheoverseasclienttheexclusiverightofsellingaparticular

productinadesignatedareawithinaspecifiedperiodoftime.Inthiskindofbusiness

transaction,theproductisboughtbytheexclusivesellerandthereforeheshouldsell

theproductbyhimself,assumingsoleresponsibilitiesforhisprofitandloss.

Exclusivesaleisdifferentfromagencywhereonlycommissionisinvolved.And

differenceexistsbetweengeneralcontractandexclusivesalesbecausetheexclusive

sellerenjoysexclusiverightinaparticulararea.

4.Thereisnocountryintheworldthatcanproducealltheproductsitneeds.

Thuscountriesjoinininternationaldivisionoflaborforeffectiveproductionand

reproduction.Sometimesacountrycanbuygoodsandservicesfromabroadona

barterbasis.Bartermeansdoingbusinessbyexchanginggoodsofonesortforgoods

ofanothersortwithoutusingmoney.Bartertradeitselfisnotenoughtomeata

country’simportneeds.Butasaformofinternationaltrade,itisstillattractivein

developingcountrieswhereforeignexchangeisinshortsupplyandinflowofforeign

fundsisfarfromsufficienttomeettheirobligationsinexternaltrade.

Chapter2

I.Answerthefollowingquestions

（Omited）

II.Fillingtheblankswiththesuitablewordsinthetext:

satisfying;,foreign/overseas;;;;

;;;,venture;

thefollowingsintoEnglish

1）.Economicactivitybeganwiththecavemen,whowaseconomically

self-sufficient.Hedidhisownhunting,foundhisownshelter,andprovidedforhis

ownneeds.Asprimitivepopulationsgrewanddeveloped,theprincipleofdivisionof

laborevolved.Onepersonwasmoreabletoperformsomeactivitythananother,and

thereforeeachpersonconcentratedonwhathedidbest.Whileonehunted,another

fished.Thehunterthentradedhissurplustothefisherman,andeachbenefitedfrom

thevarietyofdiet.

Intoday’scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsare

self-sufficientnationsareself-sufficient.Nationshaveutilizeddifferenteconomic

resources;peoplehavedevelopeddifferentskills.Thisisthefoundationof

internationaltradeandeconomicactivities.

Foreigntrade,theexchangeofgoodsbetweennations,takesplaceformany

reasons.Thefirst,asmentionedabove,isthatnonationhasallofthecommodities

thanitneeds.Rawmaterialsarescatteredaroundtheworld.Largedepositsofcopper

areminedinPeruandZaire,diamondsareminedinSouthAfrica,andpetroleumis

recoveredinMiddleEast.Countriesthatdonothavetheseresourceswithintheirown

boundariesmustbuyfromcountriesthatexportthem.

Foreigntradealsooccursbecauseacountryoftendoesnothaveenoughofa

particularitemtomeetitsneeds.AlthoughtheUnitedStatesisamajorproducerof

sugar,itconsumesmorethanitcanproduceinternallyandthusmustimportsugar.

Third,onenationcansellsomeitemsatalowercostthanothercountries.Japan

hasbeenabletoexportlargequantitiesofradiosandtelevisionsetsbecauseitcan

producethemmoreefficientlythanothercountries.ItischeaperfortheUnitedStates

tobuythesefromJapanthantoproducethemdomestically.

Finally,foreigntradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationorstyle.Eventhoughthe

UnitedStatesproducesmoreautomobilesthananyothercountry,itstillimportslarge

quantitiesofautosfromGermany,JapanandSweden,primarilybecausethereisa

marketforthemintheUnitedStates.

2）.Thedifferentkindsoftradenationsengagedinarevariedandcomplex,a

mixtureofvisibleandinvisibletrade.Mostnationsaremoredependentonexports

thanonanyotheractivity.Theearningsfromexportspayfortheimportsthatthey

needandwant.Anation’sbalanceofpaymentisarecordofthesecomplex

transactions.Byreflectingallofthesetransactionsinmonetaryterms,anationisable

tocombinetheincomeitreceives,forexample,fromexports,touristsexpenditures,

andimmigrantremittances.Thiscombinedincomesisthenspentonsuchitemsas

manufacturedgoodsfromothercountries,travelforitscitizenstoothercountries,and

thehiringofconstructionengineers.

Chapter3

I.TranslatethefollowingsfromChineseintoEnglish:

1termsofpayment2writtenformofcontract

3executionofthecontract4salescontract

5purchaseconfirmation6termsoftransaction

7tradingpartners8thesettingupofacontract

9tradeagreement10consignmentcontract

11thecontractproper12extensionofthecontract

13thecontractingparties14specialclause

15generaltermsandconditions

II.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish:

1Acontractisanagreementwhichsetsforthbindobligationsoftherelevant

parties.Andanypartthatfailstofulfillhiscontractualobligationsmaybesuedand

forcedtomakecompensation.

2Therearetwopartiesofbusinesscontractnegotiations:

oralandwritten.The

formerreferstodirectdiscussionsabroad;writtennegotiationsoftenbeginwith

enquiriesmadebythebuyers.

3Awrittencontractisgenerallypreparedandsignedastheproofoftheagreement

andasthebasisforitsexecution.Asalesorpurchaseconfirmationislessdetailed

thanacontract,coveringonlytheessentialtermsofthetransaction.Itisusuallyused

forsmallerdealsorbetweenfamiliartradepartners.

4Thesettingupofacontractissimilartothatof