A Brief Analysis of the Impact and Countermeasure of green barrier.docx

A Brief Analysis of the Impact and Countermeasure of green barrier.docx

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ABriefAnalysisoftheImpactandCountermeasureofgreenbarrier

ABriefAnalysisoftheImpactandCountermeasuresofGreenBarriers

ABSTRACT

Inrecentyears,greenconsumptionhasbecomeamaintrendoftheconsumptioninmanydevelopedcountriesandthesecountriesbegantomakestrictstandardstorestricttheentryofforeignproductsbelowtheirstandardsofenvironmentalprotection.Theseregulationshavemanyunfavorableinfluencesontheexportofdevelopingcountriesandaregenerallyknownas"GreenBarrierstotrade".Itobstaclestheintegrationoftheinternationaleconomy,thefreedevelopmentoftheworldtrade.

Keywords：

GreenBarriers;Products;Trade

1、Thedefinitionofthegreentradebarrier

Thegreentradebarrierisalsonamedasgreenbarrier.Itreferstoprotectionoftheinnermarketbymeansofthelimitationbythestrictenvironmentprotectiontechnologyorthegreensignintheimport,whichcankeeptheforeignmerchandisesoutside.Thiscausesanimmenseimpactontheinternationaltradeorder.

Theso-calledstandardizedinordertogetthebestorderwithinacertainrange,thepracticalproblemsorpotentialproblemstodevelopthetermsofuseandreuseactivities.Animportantpartoftrademarkstandardizationactivities,itistodevelop,publishandimplementationofcommodityactivitiesinallaspectsofcommodityproductionandcirculation.Theimplementationofcommoditystandardizationcanmaximizethecostofsavingtheeconomy,improveproductquality,savingsofrawmaterialconsumptionandenergylossintheprocessofcommodityproduction，savemanpower,fixedstandardizationcanalsoreduceproductdesigncostsandtestingcosts.Forexample,thecoverofourlives,mineralwaterandbeveragebottles,regardlessofthebrandofmineralwaterbottleappearanceofdesignarethesame,thelidcanbecommon,becausetheyhavethesamestandard.Asaresult,manufacturerscanreducethedesigncostsofthecap,donotfrequentreplacementofthedifferentspecificationsofthemold,alargenumberofeconomiccostsavings,improvetheeconomicefficiencyofenterprisesandmarketcompetitiveness.Moreimportant,theinternationaltradewithoutstandardization,standardizationininternationaltradehasplayedaroleofbridgeandlink,activeuseofinternationalstandards,caneffectivelyeliminateinternationaltradebarriers,improvethecompetitivenessoftheirgoodsintheinternationalmarketdevelopmentofforeigntrade.Ininternationaltrade,commoditystandardisthebasisforarbitration,theuseofstandardizationcanprotecttheirowninterests,Therefore,thestandardizationininternationaltradecanplayacoordinating,promoting,protection,theroleofthearbitration.

Greentradebarriers,alsoknownasenvironmentalbarriers,resultinginthelate1980sand1990sbegantoriseinallcountries.Greenbarriersinnearlyadecadewithincreasingfrequencyaftertheanti-dumpingmeasuresisanotherimportanttrademeasures.4917kindsofproductsintheworldof3746kindsofproducts,greentradebarriersaffecttradevolumereached$4.732trillion,accountingfor88percentofworldimportsin1999Grandma,thedirectimpactof$679billion,accountingfor13%.Theglobaltotalof137importingcountriestotake"non-greenproductsworthupto$30billion,ofwhich90%camefromdevelopingcountries,involvingthousandsofproductssuchastextiles,garments,agriculturalproducts,furniture,householdappliancesanddailynecessities.Consideredfromtheperspectiveofdevelopingcountries,seizethegreentradebarriersisessentiallydevelopedinternationalenvironmentalprotectionandcoveredwithacloakoflegitimacyfortradeprotectionism,whichmakesitafirmfootholdinname.

2.ThemainformsofGreenbarrierstrade

InaccordancewiththerelatedprovisionsofWTOAgreementonGreenBarrierstoTrade,theGreenbarriersareusuallyintheformsasfollows:

2.1GreenTariff

Somedevelopedcountrieswouldimposeimportsurtaxonproductsthatmaycausepollutionorharmstotheenvironment.Ifsuchmeasureisabused,itwillconstituteaGreenbarriertotrade.

2.2GreenStandards

GreenstandardsrefertothosecompulsoryGreenstandardsprovidedthroughlegislation.Withtheirsuperiorityineconomyandtechnology,developedcountriestendtomakehigherGreenstandardswithnoconsiderationontheinterestsofthedevelopingcountries.SuchhighGreenstandardswillinfactconstituteabarriertotheproductsfromdevelopingcountrieswhichareinferiorintechnology.

2.3PackageRequirements

Certaindevelopedcountriesstresstoomuchontheprotectionofenvironmentandrequiretheproductsshouldbepackedwithmaterialsthatwillhavenoharmtotheenvironment.Iftheproductsarenotpackedinthisway,theywillnotbeallowedtosellinthedevelopedcountries.Ifsuchrequirementsareunnecessarilystrict,theywillbeabarriertotheinternationaltrade.

2.4Sanitaryandquarantineinspectionsystem

Ontheexcuseoftheprotectionofthehealthofhuman,animalsandplants,developedcountriestendtouseverystrictsanitaryandquarantineinspectiontorestricttheimportationoftheproductsfromthedevelopingcountriesandprotecttheirdomesticindustries.

3、TheimpactofthegreentradebarrieronChina

Thegreentradebarrierhasbothgoodandbadimpactononecountry.Butitindeedhaddifferentimpactondifferentcountries.Limitedbythetechnology,Chinahasalowerabilitytodealwiththebarrierandcatchupthechancetoimproveitself.Moreover,Chinamostlyfocusesonexportlabor-centeredproduction.Byfarithasreceivednegativeimpactfromthebarrier.Forthetimebeing,thiskindofbarrierexisteverywhere,andgrowstrongerandstronger,whichhasstruckourmarketandeconomyseriously.

3.1Thenegativeimpactonthegreentradebarrier

（1）ItpreventtheexportfromChinaandweakenstheexportinternationalcompetence.

（2）Itinfluencesthebilateralevenmultilateralrelationshipwithothercountriesgettingtoproblems.

Recently,thedevelopedcountriescircumscribetheimportationfromacclaimingthatthosegoodsarenotthegreenproduction.Thusbringuptheconflictions.Thedevelopedcountriesenjoyafreefromoftradeinacertaintradezone,whichreducethestandardoftradingratherthantradingfromoutsideofthezone.So,countrieslikeChinaarehardtobreakthroughthetradebarrier.AllthoseconflictionarebadforChina.ThesituationsareagainstChina.

（3）ItacceleratesthepollutionforproductsandmakesthemetastasistoChina.Thestandardofenvironmentprotectionarelow,thesystemsareperfectwithlowstandardofgreenproductioninChina.Becauseofthis,alotofproductionoflowqualityareenteringChinesemarketleadstomanyforeignwastecasesspringupeverywhere.AllofthisshowsthatChinaarelackingofaperfectsupervisingsystem.Withoutagoodmanagementtherewillbenoefficientworking.Accordingtotheinvestigation,from1997to2000,theforeignwasteareincreasedfrom990,000tonto17,500,000ton.ThereisevidentlynodoubtthattheseforeignwastegavemadetheenvironmentmoreseriousinChina.Butintheitemsgottheinvestmentnearlyhavenosupervisingonenvironmentprotection,whichlettheindustriescausingpollutionhavetransferredinChina.

3.2Thepositiveimpactonthegreentradebarrier.

Inthedevelopedcountries,theenvironmentpolicyhelpstostrengthenthemanagementofindustryenvironment,andappliesthehightechtodevelopthegreenproduction,whichcanlowerthecost.Thuswearegainhighsocialandeconomyefficiency,andfinallygettheproductionofhighquality.

（1）ItdoesgoodtoChina'scontinuousdevelopment.

Thetaskofenvironmentproductionshouldbeaccomplishedbyallthehumanbeings.Theskillsofmanagementindevelopedcountriesareinanadvantageplacethanthatinthedevelopingcountries.Chinaasadevelopingcountryissupposedtolearntheexperienceofdevelopmentofenvironmentandeconomydevelopment.Weshouldinsistintheprincipleofcountriesdevelopmentwhichisgoodtoourconstructionofexportation.Furthermore,thiscanpromotetheindustriestoproducemoreandmoretechnology-focusedproductionandhelpstobreakthroughthegreentradebarrierwhiledoinginternationaltrade.

（2）Itgettheindustrieschangetheirtradingconcept.

ThelawofenvironmentprotectionindevelopedcountriesismoreperfectthaninChina.Theconceptofenvironmentprotectionhabeenappliedineveryaspectwhiledoingbusinessactivity.Forexample:

usegreenpackage,introduceenvironmentprotectionknowledge,dopromotingofgreenproductionwithgreenthemeandestablishagreenimageofcompany.Withactivitiesofabove,everyonecanprotecttheenvironmentandnatureconsciously.

StandardizationofrecentdevelopmentsinChina

FromthestandardizationoftheoverallstandardizationsysteminChinahasnotfullyadaptthecurrentoverallsituationofChina'smarket-orientedeconomy,thestandardizationofChina'sexistinginternationalmarketobviouslyisnotadaptive.Ininternationaltrade,developedcountriesandsomeemergingindustrialcountriesandregionshavehigherstandards,somecountriesalsosetupenvironmentalprotectiononthegroundsgreentradebarriersandtradefrictionsarisingfromthecommon.EspeciallyafterChina'saccessiontotheWTO,internationaltradeandtheexpansionofthescopeoftrade,China'sstandardizationencounteredmoreproblems,ourgovernmentisalsoincreasingemphasisonstandardization,thepasttwoyearstheMinistryofScienceandTechnologystandardizationasoneofChina'smajorindustrialpolicymentionedstrategicheight.Sincethelate1980s,China'senterpriseshavebegun