雅思模拟试题1阅读学术类.docx

雅思模拟试题1阅读学术类.docx

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雅思模拟试题1阅读学术类

AcademicReading

ALLANSWERSMUSTBEWRITTENONTHEANSWERSHEET.

Thetestisdividedasfollows:

ReadingPassage1Questions1to13

ReadingPassage2Questions14to27

ReadingPassage3Questions28to40

Startatthebeginningofthetestandworkthroughit.Youshouldanswerallthequestions.Ifyoucannotdoaparticularquestionleaveitandgoontothenextone.Youcanreturntoitlater.

TLMEALLOWED:

60MINUTES

NUMBEROFQUESTIONS:

40

ReadingPassage1

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-14,whicharebasedonReadingQuestions1-5

ReadingPassage1hassevenparagraphsA-G.

ChoosethecorrectheadingforparagraphsB-EandGfromthelistofheadingsbelow.Writethecorrectnumber（i-x）inboxes1-5onyouranswersheet.

ListofHeadings

iTheproblemofdealingwithemergenciesinspace

iiHowspacebiomedicinecanhelppatientsonEarth

iiiWhyaccidentsaresocommoninouterspace

ivWhatisspacebiomedicine

vThepsychologicalproblemsofastronauts

viConductingspacebiomedicalresearchonEarth

viiTheinternaldamagecausedtothehumanbodybyspacetravel

viiiHowspacebiomedicinefirstbegan

ixThevisibleeffectsofspacetravelonthehumanbody

xWhyspacebiomedicineisnownecessary

ExampleParagraphAAnsweriv

1ParagraphB

2ParagraphC

3ParagraphD

4ParagraphE

ExampleParagraphFAnswerii

5ParagraphG

SpacetravelANDhealth

A

SpacebiomedicineisarelativelynewareaofresearchbothintheUSAandinEurope.Itsmainobjectivesaretostudytheeffectsofspacetravelonthehumanbody,identifyingthemostcriticalmedicalproblemsandfindingsolutionstothoseproblems.SpacebiomedicinecentresarereceivingincreasingdirectsupportfromNASAand/ortheEuropeanSpaceAgency（ESA）.

B

ThisinvolvementofNASAandtheESAreflectsgrowingconcernthatthefeasibilityoftraveltootherplanets,andbeyond,isnolongerlimitedbyengineeringconstraintsbutbywhatthehumanbodycanactuallywithstand.ThediscoveryoficeonMars,forinstance,meansthatthereisnownonecessitytodesignanddevelopaspacecraftlargeandpowerfulenoughtotransportthevastamountsofwaterneededtosustainthecrewthroughoutjourneysthatmaylastmanyyears.Withoutthenecessaryprotectionandmedicaltreatment,however,theirbodieswouldbedevastatedbytheunremittinglyhostileenvironmentofspace.

C

Themostobviousphysicalchangesundergonebypeopleinzerogravityareessentiallyharmless;insomecasestheyareevenamusing.ThebloodandotherfluidsarenolongerdraggeddowntowardsthefeetbythegravityofEarth,sotheyaccumulatehigherupinthebody,creatingwhatissometimescalled‘fatface’,togetherwiththecontrasting‘chickenlegs’syndromeasthelowerlimbsbecomethinner.

D

Muchmoreseriousaretheunseenconsequencesaftermonthsoryearsinspace.Withnogravity,thereislessneedforasturdyskeletontosupportthebody,withtheresultthatthebonesweaken,releasingcalciumintothebloodstream.Thisextracalciumcanoverloadthekidneys,leadingultimatelytorenalfailure.Musclestoolosestrengththroughlackofuse.Theheartbecomessmaller,losingthepowertopumpoxygenatedbloodtoallpartsofthebody,whilethelungslosethecapacitytobreathefully.Thedigestivesystembecomeslessefficient,aweakenedimmunesystemisincreasinglyunabletopreventdiseasesandthehighlevelsofsolarandcosmicradiationcancausevariousformsofcancer.

E

Tomakemattersworse,awiderangeofmedicaldifficultiescanariseinthecaseofanaccidentorseriousillnesswhenthepatientismillionsofkilometresfromEarth.Thereissimplynotenoughroomavailableinsideaspacevehicletoincludealltheequipmentfromahospital’scasualtyunit,someofwhichwouldnotworkproperlyinspaceanyway.Evenbasicthingssuchasadripdependongravitytofunction,whilestandardresuscitationtechniquesbecomeineffectiveifsufficientweightcannotbeapplied.Theonlysolutionseemstobetocreateextremelysmallmedicaltoolsand‘smart’devicesthatcan,forexample,diagnoseandtreatinternalinjuriesusingultrasound.Thecostofdesigningandproducingthiskindofequipmentisboundtobe,well,astronomical.

F

Suchconsiderationshaveledsometoquestiontheethicsofinvestinghugesumsofmoneytohelpahandfulofpeoplewho,afterall,arewillinglyriskingtheirownhealthinouterspace,whensomuchneedstobedonealotclosertohome.Itisnowclear,however,thateveryproblemofspacetravelhasaparallelproblemonEarththatwillbenefitfromtheknowledgegainedandtheskillsdevelopedfromspacebiomedicalresearch.Forinstance,theverydifficultyoftreatingastronautsinspacehasledtorapidprogressinthefieldoftelemedicine,whichinturnhasbroughtaboutdevelopmentsthatenablesurgeonstocommunicatewithpatientsininaccessiblepartsoftheworld.Totakeanotherexample,systemsinventedtosterilizewastewateronboardspacecraftcouldbeusedbyemergencyteamstofiltercontaminatedwateratthesceneofnaturaldisasterssuchasfloodsandearthquakes.Inthesameway,miniaturemonitoringequipment,developedtosaveweightinspacecapsules,willeventuallybecometinymonitorsthatpatientsonEarthcanwearwithoutdiscomfortwherevertheygo.

G

Nevertheless,thereisstillonemajorobstacletocarryingoutstudiesintotheeffectsofspacetravel:

howtodosowithoutgoingtotheenormousexpenseofactuallyworkinginspace.Tosimulateconditionsinzerogravity,onetriedandtestedmethodistoworkunderwater,butthespacebiomedicinecentresarealsolookingatotherideas.Inoneexperiment,researchersstudytheweakeningofbonesthatresultsfromprolongedinactivity.Thiswouldinvolvevolunteersstayinginbedforthreemonths,butthecentreconcernedisconfidentthereshouldbenogreatdifficultyinfindingpeoplewillingtospendtwelveweekslyingdown.Allinthenameofscience,ofcourse.

Questions6and7

AnswerthequestionbelowusingNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

6Where,apartfromEarth,canspacetravellersfindwater........................

7Whathappenstohumanlegsduringspacetravel..........................

Questions8-12

Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththewriter’sviewsinReadingPassage1

Inboxes8-12onyouranswersheetwrite

YESifthestatementagreeswithtileviewsofthewriter

NOifthestatementdoesnotagreewiththeviewsofthewriter

NOTGIVENifthereisnoinformationaboutthisinthepassage

8Theobstaclestogoingfarintospacearenowmedical,nottechnological.

9Astronautscannotsurvivemorethantwoyearsinspace.

10Itismorallywrongtospendsomuchmoneyonspacebiomedicine.

11Somekindsofsurgeryaremoresuccessfulwhenperformedinspace.

12Spacebiomedicalresearchcanonlybedoneinspace.

Questions13and14

Completethetablebelow

ChooseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSfromthepassageforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes13and14onyouranswersheet.

Applicationinspace

ApplicationonEarth

Telemedicine

treatingastronauts

13..........................inremoteareas

Sterilization

sterilizingwastewater

14..........................indisasterzones

Miniaturization

savingweight

wearingsmallmonitorscomfortably

ReadingPassage2

Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions15-27,whicharebasedonReadingPassage2.

VANISHED

WhopulledtheplugontheMediterraneanAndcouldithappenagain

ByDouglasMclnnis

Cannes.MonteCarlo.StTropez.Magicnamesall.Andmuchoftheenchantmentcomesfromthedeepbluewaterthatlapstheirshores.ButwhatifsomebodypulledtheplugSupposetheMediterraneanSeaweretovanish,leavingbehindanexpanseofsaltdesertthesizeofIndia.HardtoimagineIthappened.

‘ItwouldhavelookedlikeDeathValley,’saysBillRyan,fromtheLamont-DohertyEarthObservatoryinNewYork,oneoftheleadersoftheteamthatdiscoveredtheMediterraneanhadoncedriedup,thenrefilledinadelugeofBiblicalproportions.Betweenfiveandsixmillionyearsago,thegreatdesiccationtouchedoffwhatscientistscallmeMessinianSalinityCrisis-aglobalchemicalimbalancethattriggeredawrenchingseriesofextinctionsandplungedtheEarthintoaniceage.

Thefirstindicationsofsomeextraordinarypasteventscameinthe1960s,whengeologists20discoveredthatmajorriversflowingintotheMediterraneanhaderodeddeepcanyonsintherockatthebottomofthesea.Rivererosionofbedrockcannotoccurbelowsealevel,yetsomehowtheRiverRhoneintheSouthofFrancehadmanagedtocreateachannel1000metresdeepintheseafloor,whiletheNilehadcutnearly1500metresintotherockofftheNorthAfricancoast.Therewasmore:

despitethefactthattheformationofcavescanonlytakeplaceabovewater,scientists30discoveredawholenetworkbeneaththeislandofMaltathatreachedanastonishingdepthof2000metresbelowsealevel.

Furtherevidencecametolightin1970,whenaninternationalteamchuggedacrosstheMediterraneaninadrillingshiptostudytheseafloorneartheSpanishislandofMajorca.Strangethingsstartedturningupincoresamples:

layersofmicroscopicplantsandsoilsandwichedbetweenbedsofsaltmorethantwokilometresbelowtoday’ssealevel.Theplantshadgrowninsunlight.Alsodiscoveredinsidetherockwerefossilizedshallow-watershellfish,togetherwithsaltandsilt:

particlesofsandandmudthathadoncebeencarriedbyriverwater.Couldtheseaflooroncehavebeennearashoreline

ThatquestionledRyanandhisfellowteamleader,KennethHsǖ,topiecetogetherastaggeringchainofevents.Abo