07年.docx

07年.docx

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07年

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Whatelectivestochoose

1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课

2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课

3.以你自己为例……

PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

UniversitiesBranchOut

Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.

Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:

seekingstudentsformaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcoursesofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative（合作的）researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.

Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica’sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.

Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships（实习）abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity-andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.

Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai’sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu’sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinchina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.

Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure（基础设施）andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:

SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.

Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticianrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.

Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultyrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.Universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.

MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation’swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfailtograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:

first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand–likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory-strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished（珍视）valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecome_________.

 A）moreandmoreresearch-oriented             B）in-servicetrainingorganizations

 C）morepopularizedthaneverbefore            D）apowerfulforceforglobalintegration

2.Overthepastthreedecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased__________.

 A）by2.5million                            B）by800,000

 C）atanannualrateof3.9percent              D）atanannualrateof8percent

3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?

 A）10%             B）20%             C）30%             D）38%

4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?

A） Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy.

B）Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics.

C）TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram.

D）Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.

5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities’globalizationis__________.

 A）Yale’scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch

 B）Yale’shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojects

 C）Yale’sstudentsexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutions

 D）Yale’sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld

6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?

 A）IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.

 B）ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany.

 C）ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.

 D）ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup.

7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?

 A）Ithasincreasedby3percent.                B）Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.

 C）Ithasbeenmorethansufficient.              D）Itdoubledbetween1998and2003.

8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedby____.

9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill_____.

10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand___.

PartIIIListeningComprehension（35minutes）

SectionA

11.A）Sheusedtobeinpoorhealth.               B）Shewaspopularamongboys.

  C）Shewassomewhatoverweight.              D）Shedidn’tdowellathighschool.

12.A）Attheairport.    B）Inarestaurant.    C）Inabookingoffice.    D）Atthehotelreception.

13.A）Teachinghersonbyherself.                B）Havingconfidenceinherson.

  C）Askingtheteacherforextrahelp.            D）Tellinghersonnottoworry.

14.A）Haveashortbreak.                       B）Taketwoweeksoff.

  C）Continueherworkoutdoors.               D）Goonvacationwiththeman.

15.A）Heistakingcareofhistwinbrother.         B）Hehasbeenfeelingillallweek.

  C）HeisworriedaboutRod’shealth.           D）Hehasbeeninperfectcondition.

16.A）Shesoldallherfurniturebeforeshemovedhouse.

 B）Shestill