中考英语重点专项讲解与突破练习.docx

中考英语重点专项讲解与突破练习.docx

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中考英语重点专项讲解与突破练习

直接引语变间接引语

一､句式变化

　　1.陈述句形式的直接引语变为间接引语时,应该先用连词that引导间接引语，既宾语从句,再将主句中的saidtosb改为toldsb，that在口语中经常省略。

e.g.1）Shesaid,“IcanspeakEnglish.”____________________________________

　　2）Shesaidtome,“Ilikethefilmverymuch.”__________________________________

若间接引语是由that引导的两个或两个以上的并列句,第一个that可以省略,以后的that一般不能省略｡

e.g.MrSmithsaidtotheworkers,“JohnhasworkedveryhardandIwanthimtostay.”

________________________________________________________________________

2.如果直接引语是疑问句,将其变为间接引语时应注意三点:

1）选连词｡直接引语为一般疑问句时,用whether/if引导宾语从句;直接引语为特殊疑问句时,仍用原来的疑问词引导宾语从句｡2）变疑问语序为陈述语序｡3）换动词｡如果主句的谓语动词是said（tosb）,则应将其改为asked（sb）｡主句中没有宾语时,可根据句意在asked后面加me,him或us等｡

1）Shesaid,“AreyouinterestedinChinese?

”　　__________________________________

2）Hesaidtome,“Doyougotoschoolbybike?

”____________________________________

3）“Wheredoyoulive?

”TomaskedMary.__________________________________________

3.如果直接引语是祈使句,间接引语应为“tell（ask/order/beg等）sb（not）todosth”｡

e.g.1）“Becarefulwithyourwriting,”theteachersaidtome._______________________________________

2）“Don’ttakeoffyourcoats,”shesaidtothechildren.______________________________________________　　

二､时态变化

　　要根据主句中的谓语动词时态调整宾语从句中谓语动词的时态｡如果主句中的谓语动词是现在时,宾语从句中谓语动词的时态可以不变;如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,则从句谓语动词的时态要变为相应的过去时态｡

e.g.1）Hesaid,“Igetupearlyeverymorning.”

______________________________________（一般现在时→一般过去时）

2）Shesaid,“Iamworkingonahomeworkproject.”

______________________________________（现在进行时→过去进行时）

3）Shesaid,“Imetmyfriendinthestreet.”

________________________________________（一般过去时→过去完成时）

4）“HaveyoueverbeentoAmerica?

”Tomaskedme.

（现在完成时——过去完成时）

5）“I’llflytoHainannextweek”,shesaidtome.

（一般将来时——过去将来时）

注意在下面几种情况下,从句中谓语动词的时态可以保持不变:

1）直接引语叙述的是科学真理､客观事实､格言等｡

e.g.“Themoonmovesroundtheearth,”theteachersaidtothestudents.

____________________________________________________________

2）直接引语中有明确的不受语境限制的过去时间状语｡

e.g.“JohnwenttoParisbyairin1985,”Jacksaid.___________________________________

3）must（表示“推测”､“禁止”）和should等情态助动词无过去式｡将其变成间接引语时,通常用原来的形式｡

e.g.Thepolicemantoldthechildren,“Youmustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.”

　________________________________________________________

三､代词变化

　　将直接引语中的人称代词､物主代词､指示代词转移到间接引语中时,要作相应的调整｡直接引语中的第一人称要按照主句中的主语人称来变化;直接引语中的第二人称要按照主句中的宾语的人称来变化;直接引语中的第三人称一般不需要变化｡

e.g.1）Jacksaidtome,“I’llgowithyou.”　________________________________________

2）Jimsaid，“Thesebooksaremine.”_________________________________________

3）MrsGreensaid,“Theyworkhard.”__________________________________________　　

四､状语变化

　　将直接引语中的时间状语和地点状语转移到间接引语中时,应作如下变化:

here→there;now→then;today→thatday;tonight→thatnight;ago→before;yesterday→thedaybefore;yesterdayevening→theeveningbefore;tomorrow→thenext/followingday/thedayafter;lastweek→theweekbefore;nextyear→theyearafter/thefollowingyear/thenextyear.

e.g.1）MarciasaidtoBen,“Areyougoingtovisityourteachertomorrow.”

_________________________________________________________

2）Lanasaid,“Weareverybusytoday.”_____________________________________________

3）MrSmithsaid,“Ilivehere.”____________________________________________________　　

五､动词变化

直接引语中的动词come,bring到间接引语中应为go,take.

e.g.Shesaid,“I’llbringmysisterhere.”　　____________________________

直接引语改成间接引语一试身手

1.“Pleaseshowmeyournewcoat,Helen,”hesaid.He_______Helen_______________himhernewcoat.

2.“Howareyoufeelingnow?

”thedoctoraskedher.Thedoctor_____her_________________feeling_____

3.Mothersaidtome,“Don’tputitonthistable.”Mother________________________________itonthattable.

4.Hesaid,“DoyougotothecinemaeverySaturdayevening?

”

He_________________________________tothecinemaeverySaturdayevening.

5.Shesaid,“Iwillcomeherenextweek.”

Shesaid_______________________________________nextweek.

6.Shesaid,“MybrothercanwritealetterinEnglish.”

Shesaidthat_________brother______________aletterinEnglish.

7.Hesaidtome,“Iwasbornin1993.”He_______methat_______________bornin1993.

8.Sheasked,“Whenwillthesportsmeetbegin?

”Sheasked________thesportsmeet______________.

9.Theboysaid,“Myfatherwaswithmefivedaysago.”

Theboysaid_______father________________with_______fivedays________

10.Johnaskedme,“Doyouunderstandwhatthemanissaying?

”

Johnaskedme______________understoodwhattheman___________saying.

II.Rewritethefollowingsentencesaccordingtorequirement.

1.ThebossaskedJohn,“Wherehaveyoubeen?

“（改成间接引语）

ThebossaskedJohnwhere________________________________.

2.MarysaidthatshehaddrawnapictureoftheWestLake.（改为直接引语）

Marysaid,“__________________drawnapictureoftheWestLake.”

3.WeiFangaskedmenottogivetheknifetoLiMing.（改为直接引语）

“_________givetheknifetoLiMing,Please,”WeiFangaskedme.

4.“I’mreadingamagazineandIcan'tgotothecinemawithyou,”hesaidtome.（改为间接引语）

Hetoldmethathe____________________amagazine_________thathecouldn'tgotothecinemawithme.

5.“Stayhere!

”theofficersaidtothesoldier.（改为间接引语）

Theofficer_________thesoldier________________________.

6.Mr.Wuaskedthelittleboy,“Wheredidyoumeettheforeigngueststwodaysago?

”（改为间接引语）

Mr.Wuaskedthelittleboywhere__________________________theforeigngueststwodays________.

7.Myteacheraskedme,“Didyoutakepartintheparty?

”（改为直接引语）

Myteacheraskedme__________Ihadtakenpartinthepatty.

8.Theysaid,“Wehaveneverbeenhere.”（改为间接引语）Theysaidthatthey_____neverbeen________.

9.Tomaskedhertotellhimwhathadhappened.（改为直接引语）

Tomsaidtoher,“Please__________________________________.”

10.Mr.LisaidhewouldgototheSummerPalacethenextday.（改为直接引语）

Mr.Lisaid,“I______________totheSummerPalace___________.”

III中考链接

1Myfriendaskedme,“Doyouhelpyourparentswiththehouseworkonweekdays?

（09济南）

Myfriendaskedme________I__________myparentswiththehouseworkonweekdays.

2Sheaskedme,“Willyougotothecinematomorrow?

”（09兰州）

Sheaskedme_________I________gotothecinema______________day.

3.他说等她一回来就把礼物交给她。

（10兰州）

Hesaidthathe_____giveherthepresentassoonasshecameback.

（）4.BeforegoingtotheHistoryMuseum,ourteachertoldus______thepublicrules.（10上海）

A.obeyB.toobeyC.obeyingD.obeyed

（）5.Thepolicemanaskedtheboy____.（10广东）

A.whereishismotherB.wherehismotherisC.wherewashismotherD.wherehismotherwas

（）6.---Excuseme,couldyoutellme_______forTaiwan?

---Thedayaftertomorrow.（10福州）

A.whendidyouleaveB.whenyouareleavingC.whenareyouleaving

（）7.---David,lookatthemaninwhiteoverthere.Canyoutellme____?

---Heisadoctor.（10重庆）

A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whatisheD.whatheis

虚拟语气

一、核心复习

在英语中，凡表达与事实不符的假设、想象、愿望等时，一定要把动词的惯常使用法加以改变，这种特殊的动词使用法，叫做“虚拟语气”。

1.与现在事实相反的假设

连词条件从句主句

If①were

主语+②过去时

③过去式助动词+动词原型主语+should/would/could

/might+动词原型

e.g.Ifhewererich,hewouldbuythehouse.IfIhadtime,IwouldstudyFrench.

IfIcouldfly,Iwouldflyinthesky.

2.与过去事实相反的假设

连词条件从句主句

If

主语+had+过去分词

主语+should/would/could

/might+have+过去分词

e.g.Ifhehadstudiedhard,hecouldhavewonthescholarship.

IfIhadhadenoughtime,Iwouldhavegonewithyou.

Ifyouhadbeentherelastnight,nothingwouldhavehappened.

3.与将来事实相反的假设

连词条件从句主句

If①should+动词原型

主语+②were+带to的动词不定式

③过去式主语+should/would/

could/might+动词原型

e.g.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgotoDamingLake.

IfIweretoseehimtomrrow,Iwouldtellhimyourdecision.

4.“Iwish+虚拟语气”表示“不可能实现的愿望”。

意为“但愿..……；真希望……；要是……就好了”。

基本句式：

1）Iwish+were/过去式动词+其他部分。

表示“现在”不能实现的愿望。

2）Iwish+had+过去分词+其他部分。

表示“过去”不能实现的愿望。

e.g.IwishIknewhowtodoit.IwishIhadbeeninHongKonglastyear.

二、一试身手

I.Fillintheblankswiththeproperform.

1.IfI___________（be）you,Iwouldnotdosuchathing.

2.Supposeourteachercouldn’tcome,who________（will）takehisplace?

3.IfHe__________（follow）thedoctor’sadvice,hewouldnothavedied.

4.IfI____________（know）herwell,Iwouldtellyouabouther.

5.Ifshe_________（be）morecareful,shewouldn’thavemadethesemistakes.

6.Ifwe_________（be）there,wecouldhaveseentheparade（游行）.

7.PeoplewouldbelievemystoryifI_________（be）notsoyoung.

8.IfI__________（know）howtoski,Iwouldhavejoinedyou.

9.Ifhe___________（go）overhislessonsyesterday,hewouldpasstheexamnow.

10.Ifyouhadhelpedhim,he_________（be）happynow.

II.Multiplechoice

（）1.Ifheworkshard,he_______intheend.

A.wouldsucceedB.mighthavesucceedC.willsucceedD.willbesucceed

（）2.IfI_____you,Iwouldgotothepartywithyou.A.amB.wereC.hadbeenD.be

（）3.Ifithadnotrainedsohardyesterday,we________toTianjin.

A.shouldhavegoneB.shouldgoC.goD.went

（）4.“Iguessso.”Motherreplied.“ButIstillwishthey_______good,steadyjobs.”

A.haveB.arehavingC.havehadD.had

（）5.Ifyoudon’tknowtheword,whydon’tyouinthedictionary.

A.lookitupB.lookforitC.willlookitupD.lookatit

III.Check（√）thesentenceswhicharesubjunctivemood.

1.IwouldmovetoNewYorkifIwonthelottery.

2.IfIdon’tfindajobhere,IwillmovetoJapan.

3.IfPeggyweretall,shewouldn'thavetolookupatthatperson.

4.IfyougotoJapan,youwillbeabletopracticeyourJapanese.

5.Ifitrained,Iwouldbeveryhappy.

6.IfIwonthelottery,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld.

7.I’llbehappyifyoucometomyparty.

8.Jasminwouldbuyabi