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英语语法学习
英语语法学习
关于英语语法的学习方面，刚开始接触的话肯定是要从最简单的学起的。
下面是小编给大家整理的英语语法学习的相关知识，供大家参阅!
英语语法学习：
英语中的语气的种类 陈述语气
表示动作或状态是客观存在的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中。
如：
IraqisanAsiancountry.伊拉克是亚洲国家。
（肯定句）TheUSandBritisharmiesdidnotstarttheSecondGulfWaruntilMarch20,2003.美英联军直到2003年3月20日才发动第二次海湾战争。
（否定句）Whowasitthattheywanttohelp?
他们想要帮忙的人到底是谁呀?
（疑问句）HowinterestingmystayinChinahasbeen!
我在中国的日子过的真有趣!
（感叹句）
祈使语气
表示说话人对对方的请求、警告，建议或命令。
如：
Pleasecomeoverhere.请到这边来。
Wouldyoubesokindastolendmeahand?
请帮个忙好吗?
Watchyoursteps!
当心!
（走路）Neverbelateagain!
再也不要迟到了。
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜疑、建议或与事实不符的假设等，而不表示客观存在的事实。
虚拟语气是由句中的谓语从句的特殊形式表示出来的。
如：
IfIwereabird,Iwouldbeabletoflyintheair.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
IwishIcouldpasstheexamination.我希望我能通过考试。
Mayyousucceed!
祝你成功!
Ifonlywehadbeencollegestudentslastyear!
上一年我们要是大学生该多好!
英语语法学习：
虚拟语气的其它表达形式 1.用介词或介词短语表示虚拟条件
常用的介词或介词短语主要有without（没有），butfor（要不是），intheabsenceof（如果没有）或wereitnotfor（要是没有），butthat（假设不）等。
例如：
Withoutelectricity,therewouldnotbemodernindustry.
ButfortheleadershipoftheParty,wecouldntlivesuchahappylife.
Intheabsenceofgravity,therewouldbenoairaroundtheearth.
Example:
Withoutgravity,we______abletowalk.
a.wereb.shouldbec.canbed.shouldnotbe
Wereitnotfortheatmosphere,thestars______shiningatanytimeintheday.
a.beseenb.canbeseen
c.couldbeseend.couldhavebeenseen
2.用动词不定式表示虚拟条件
Itwouldbeashametostopourworkhalf-way.
Itwouldtakeabout125millionofmoleculesofwatertoformarowaninchlong.
如果要排成一寸长就需要大约一亿二千五百万个水分子。
Example:
It______bettertothinkindependently.
a.goesb.looksc.wouldbed.shallbe
3.通过上下文表示虚拟条件
常用的连接词有or,otherwise,but等。
例如：
Iwasverybusyyesterday.OtherwiseIwouldhavecometoseeyou.
Thewornpartshavebeenreplacedatthepropertime,oradamagemighthavehappened.
磨损的部件及时更换了，否则就会发生破坏。
虚拟语气的其它表达形式
Example:
Hewentonfoot,buthe______bybus.
a.mightgob.shouldbegone
c.couldhavegoned.oughthavegone
Thetrafficwasveryheavy;otherwiseI______here50minutessooner.
a.wouldhavebeenb.wouldbe
c.shouldbed.hadbeen
4.虚拟语气用在...would（或had）rather（或wouldjustassoon）+从句的句式中，表示与事实相反的愿望。
从句谓语动词要用过去式。
例如：
Iwouldratheryoustayedhere.
Iwouldratherthatyoudidntdoanything.
Idjustassoonyoudidntgothere.
Example:
Idjustassoon______thoseimportantpaperswithyou.
a.thatyouwonttakeb.yournottaking
c.pleasedontyoutaked.youdidnttake
Idratheryou______anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
a.dob.didntdoc.dontd.didnt
5.虚拟语气用在...hadhopedthat...句型中，表示过去未实现的愿望，意为原本希望...，从句谓语用would+原形动词。
例如：
Ihadhopedthatshewouldanswermyletter.
Wehadhopedthatyouwouldchangeyourmind.
Hisfatherhadhopedthathewouldbeascientist.
Example:
Tomsfatherhadhopedthathe______intobusinesswithhim.
a.wouldgob.wouldhavegone
c.wentd.hadgone
6.虚拟语气用在hadbetter,hadbest,hadrather,wouldsooner,wouldrather,wouldhave句型中，后接原形动词。
例如：
Youhadbetterclosethewindow.
Iwouldratherstayathome.
Youhadbestleaveheralone.
Wouldyouhavemetellheralie?
Ifyoudontmind,Idrathernotseetheplay.
Ihadratherputthebooksonthedesk.
LiuHuLanwouldsoonerdiethansurrender.
Example:
I______dothatifIweregiventhechoice.
a.wouldrathernotb.rathernot
c.donotratherd.wouldnotrather
Ihaventfeltwellforaweek.You______seeadoctor.
a.hadoughttob.hadbetter
c.shouldhavetod.hadrather
______doitmyselfthantrytopersuadeastubbornfellowlikeyou.
a.Idratherb.Idbetter
c.Iratherd.Idlike
练习：
1.Iwouldrather______abookthanwatchTV.
a.readb.readingc.toreadd.haveread
2.Youwerelateagainthismorning.Ithinkyouhadbetter______ontime.
a.tostarttobeb.startbeing
c.startedbeingd.tobe
3.She______intothewaterbutthatIcaughther.
a.wouldfallb.wouldhavefallen
c.hasfallend.wouldntfall
4.Hehadhoppedthathisson_____anengineer.
a.willbeb.bec.isd.wouldbe
5.Iwouldjustassoon______thoseheavyboxeswithyou.
a.thatyouwonttakeb.yournottaking
c.pleasedontyoutaked.youdidnttake
6.Ididnotcalltomakemyairlinereservation,butI_____.
a.musthaveb.mayhavec.shouldhaved.shallhave
7.______youradvice,Iwouldneverhavegotthejob.
a.Butforb.Asforc.Apartfromd.Exceptfor
8.Withallthisworkonhand,he______TVlastnight.
a.mustntwatch
b.shouldnthavewatched
c.wouldntwatch
d.oughtnottowatch
9.Hemusthavemissedthetrain,orhe______herethen.
a.shouldbeb.wouldbe
c.wouldhavebeend.hadtobe
10.Withoutelectroniccomputers,muchoftodaysadvancedtechnology______achieved.
a.musthavebeenb.couldhavebeen
c.shouldhaved.wouldnothavebeen
11.Iwasinahurrythatday.OtherwiseI______totalktoyou.
a.hadstoppedb.wouldhavestopped
c.stoppedd.hadtostop
12.ImsurprisedtolearnthatyouregoingbacktoChicago.
Yes.IdhopedthatI______havetogobackagain,butIdo.
a.dontb.wontc.hadntd.wouldnt
13.Better______thebutcherthanthedoctor.
a.topayb.payc.payingd.paid
14.IwouldhavecomesoonerbutI______thatyouwerewaiting.
a.didntknowb.hadntknown
c.haventknownd.couldnthaveknown
15.Youhadbetter______somanyquestions.
a.nottoaskb.asknotc.notaskd.notasking
16.Johnwantstoseeyoutoday.Iwouldratherhe______tomorrowthantoday.
a.comesb.camec.hascomed.shouldcome
17.Lifetoday______verydifferentwithoutironandsteel.
a.wouldbeb.isnotc.willbed.hasbeen
18.It______wrongnottotakethisintoconsideration.
a.issaidb.willbec.wouldbed.canbe
19.Iwouldsoonernot_____here.
a.havewaitedb.waitingc.waitedd.wait
20.Timeisrunningout.Hadntwebetter______?
a.gotstartedb.gotstart
c.getstartedd.togetstarting
英语语法学习：
虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中 虚拟语气用在wish后的宾语从句中，（常常省去连词that），表示不可能实现的愿望。
1.表示与现在事实相反的愿望
构成：
主语+wish（that）+从句主语+动词过去式（be一律用were）
例如：
IwishIkneweverythingintheworld.
Iwishthattheexperimentwereasuccess.
Wewishwehadwings.我们希望有翅膀。
Example:
Iwishit______notsocoldoutside.
A.shallbeB.beC.wereD.is
IwishI______youbetter.
A.knowB.knewC.willknowD.haveknown
2.表示与过去事实相反的愿望
构成：
主语+wish（that）+从句主语+would/could+have+过去分词或had+过去分词
例如：
Iwishthatyouhadcalledyesterday.
IwishthatIcouldhavegonewithyoulastnight.
Ididntgototheparty,butIdowishIhadbeenthere.
Example:
Iwishyou______suchagreatdealoffuss.
A.werenotcausedB.hadnotcaused
C.havenotcausedD.arenotcaused
Iwishthatyou______suchabadheadachebecauseImsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.
A.hadnthadB.hadnt
C.didnthaveD.hadnthave
3.表示将来不大可能实现的愿望
构成：
主语+wish（that）+从句主语+would/should/could/might+原形动词
例如：
Iwishthathecouldtryagain.
IwishthatsomedayIshouldliveonthemoon.
Wewishthattheywouldcomesoon.
Example:
Iwishthatwe______withmybrotherwhenhefliestoEnglandnextweek.
A.couldgoB.hadgoneC.willgoD.aregoing
EXERCISE
1.Iwishyou______likethat.
a.donttalkb.wouldnttalk
c.wonttalkd.nottotalk
2.IwishI_____howtooperatethemachine.
a.haveknownb.know
c.canknowd.knew
3.Heisnotamillionairebuthe_____hewere.
a.wishesb.hopesc.longsd.believes
4.IwishthatI______visitmyunclethedayaftertomorrow.
a.shallb.havec.wouldd.amgoingto
5.Iwishit______springalltheyearround.
a.willbeb.werec.bed.is
6.IwishI_____tothatuniversitywithyouyesterday.
a.wouldgob.wentc.didgod.hadgone
7.Ileftveryearlylastnight,butIwishI______soearly.
a.didntleaveb.hadntleft
c.haventleftd.couldntleave
8.Nancysometimeswishesthatshe______inthebigcity.
a.wasnotlivingb.didnotlived
c.werenotlivingd.doesnotlive
9.Jameswisheshe______thefootballgameinsteadofthefilm.
a.hadseenb.sawc.hadbeenseend.see
10.Whileyourehere,Iwish______havealookaroundthehouse.
a.youllb.youvec.youdd.youbetter
11.Lookingbackonit,Iwishyou______mefirst.
a.askedb.haveaskedc.askd.hadasked
12.Doyouwantmetolendyousomemoney?
Iwishyou______.Iwouldpayyoubacknextweek.
a.shouldb.wouldc.didd.might
13.Iwishedit______butitdid.
a.hadnotoccurredb.wouldnotoccur
c.wasnotoccurredd.didnotoccur
14.Hedidntgotoherbirthdayparty,buthedoeswishhe______there.
a.hasbeenb.wouldbe
c.hadbeend.wouldhavebeen
15.Thesetypewrittenpapersareveryneat.
IwishI______typetoo,butIdontknowhow.
a.canb.mayc.willd.could
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