高中宾语从句详解及练习.ppt

高中宾语从句详解及练习.ppt

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宾宾语语从从句句TheObjectClause1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语（简单句）（简单句）主语主语谓语谓语宾宾语语从从句句连词连词从句主语从句主语从句谓语从句谓语主主句句（复合句）（复合句）宾语从句的概念：

宾语从句的概念：

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。

宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。

句子结构：

句子结构：

主句主句+连词（引导词）连词（引导词）+宾语从句宾语从句一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词）1.1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由句），连词由句），连词由句），连词由thatthat引导，因为引导，因为引导，因为引导，因为thatthat在从句中不作在从句中不作在从句中不作在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略或非正式文体中常省略或非正式文体中常省略或非正式文体中常省略vvLinTaofeelsLinTaofeels（that）（that）hisownteamisevenbetter.hisownteamisevenbetter.vvSheShesayssays（that）（that）sheshewontwonttaketakepartpartininthethesportssportsmeetingmeetingnextSunday.nextSunday.vvJimJimthoughtthought（that）（that）thethetraintrainwaswaslikelikeaabigbigmovingmovingparty.party.vvHesaidHesaid（that）（that）hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.hewouldliketoseetheheadmaster.在在主主句句为为动动词词be加加某某些些形形容容词词（如如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等等）作作表表语语时时，后后面面所所跟跟的省略的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句的从句也可算是宾语从句vImsorry（that）Idontknow.vWeresure（that）ourteamwillwin.vImafraid（that）hewontpasstheexam.2.2.当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是一一一一般般般般疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连词词词词whetherwhether或或或或ifif引引引引导导导导（口口口口语语语语中中中中常常常常用用用用ifif），因因因因为为为为if/whetherif/whether翻翻翻翻译译译译成成成成：

“是是是是否否否否”，具具具具有有有有一一一一定定定定的的的的意意意意义义义义，所所所所以以以以不不不不能能能能省略省略省略省略vLilywantedtoknowLilywantedtoknowif/whetherif/whetherhergrandmahergrandmalikedthehandbag.likedthehandbag.vLetsseeLetsseeif/whetherif/whetherwecanfindoutsomewecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.informationaboutthatcity.vSheaskedmeSheaskedmeif/whetherif/whethershecouldborrowshecouldborrowthesebooks.thesebooks.3.3.当当当当宾宾宾宾语语语语从从从从句句句句是是是是特特特特殊殊殊殊疑疑疑疑问问问问句句句句时时时时，由由由由连连连连接接接接代代代代词词词词（what,what,who,who,whom,whom,which,which,whosewhose）或或或或连连连连接接接接副副副副词词词词（when,where,how,whywhen,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词）引导，因为连接代词）引导，因为连接代词）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略有一定的意义，所以不可以省略有一定的意义，所以不可以省略有一定的意义，所以不可以省略vDoyouknowDoyouknowwhatwhathesaidjustnow?

hesaidjustnow?

vIdontrememberIdontrememberwhenwhenwearrived.wearrived.vIaskedhimIaskedhimwherewhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Icouldgetsomuchmoney.vPleasetellmePleasetellmewho（whom）who（whom）wehavetosee.wehavetosee.vDoyouknowDoyouknowwhattimewhattimetheplaneleaves?

theplaneleaves?

带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowoftenhowoftenyougoabroadforyougoabroadforaholiday?

aholiday?

vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowlonghowlongthemeetingwilllast?

themeetingwilllast?

vIdontknowIdontknowhowfarhowfaritistothecinema.itistothecinema.vPleasetellusPleasetellushowmanyhowmanystudentsthereareinstudentsthereareinyourschool?

yourschool?

vCanyoutellusCanyoutellushowoldhowoldhisbrotheris?

hisbrotheris?

vPleasetellusPleasetellushowsoonhowsoonyouwillbeready.youwillbeready.vCouldyoutellusCouldyoutellushowmuchhowmuchitcoststoflytoitcoststoflytoHainan?

Hainan?

3.确定从句的时态确定从句的时态（根据主句时态根据主句时态）主句时态主句时态从从句句时时态态连连接接前前连连接接后后一般现在时一般现在时时态保持不变时态保持不变一般过去时一般过去时一般现在时一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般过去时一般将来时一般将来时过去将来时过去将来时现在进行时现在进行时过去进行时过去进行时现在完成时现在完成时过去完成时过去完成时合并为一句合并为一句1.“Areyouastudent?

”sheaskedme2.“shewantstojointhePLA.”shesaid3.“Isthetruckcollectingrubbishoutside?

”Dadaskedme4.“Wewillholdasportsmeetingtomorrow.”Ourteachertolduswe5.Howlonghasitbeenlikethis?

ThemanaskedhowSheaskedmeifyouare.ShesaidthatshewantedtoDadaskedmeifthetruckwasOurteachertolduswewouldThemanaskedhowlongithadbeen.二、时态二、时态1.1.1.1.如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）vIknowheliveshere.Iknowheliveshere.vIknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.vIhaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.2.如如如如果果果果主主主主句句句句是是是是过过过过去去去去的的的的时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行行行行时时时时），那那那那么么么么从从从从句句句句的的的的时时时时态态态态一一一一定定定定要要要要用用用用相相相相对对对对应应应应的的的的过过过过去去去去的的的的某某某某种种种种时时时时态态态态（包包包包括括括括一一一一般般般般过过过过去去去去时时时时，过过过过去去去去进进进进行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）过去完成时）vIknewwholivedhere.Iknewwholivedhere.vIsawshewastalkingwithhermother.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.vHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebackHeaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.tomorrow.vHesaidthathehadseenit.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。

时用一般现在时。

vTheteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.三、语序三、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：

宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：

连接词连接词+主语主语+谓语谓语+其他成分其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

HisbrotheraskswhenHisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotohewillgotothelibrary.thelibrary.HisbrotheraskswhenHisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotowillhegotothelibrary.thelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?

IdontknowwhatIdontknowwhathewantstohewantstobuy.buy.IdontknowwhatIdontknowwhatdoeshewanttodoeshewanttobuy.buy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?

3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?

CanyoutellmewhoCanyoutellmewhowearegoingtowearegoingtomeet?

meet?

CanyoutellmewhoCanyoutellmewhoarewegoingtoarewegoingtomeet?

meet?

4.DoesheknowFrench?

4.DoesheknowFrench?

Wewanttoknowif/whetherWewanttoknowif/whetherheknowsheknowsFrench.French.Wewanttoknowif/whetherWewanttoknowif/whetherdoesheknowdoesheknowFrench.French.5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?

5.WilltheygotoCanadainsummer?

Theyrenotsureif/whetherTheyrenotsureif/whethertheywillgototheywillgotoCanadainsummer.Canadainsummer.Theyrenotsureif/whetherTheyrenotsureif/whetherwilltheygotowilltheygotoCanadainsummer.Canadainsummer.1.1.DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?

DidthestudentshaveapicniclastSunday?

Doyouknow?

Doyouknow?

2.2.Mr.Mr.SmithSmithhavehavebeenbeenininChinaChinaforforaboutaboutthreethreeyearsyears.JimtoldLinTao.JimtoldLinTao.Doyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicnicDoyouknowif/whetherthestudentshadapicniclastSunday?

lastSunday?

JimtoldLinTao（that）MrSmithhadbeeninChinaJimtoldLinTao（that）MrSmithhadbeeninChinaforaboutthreeyears.foraboutthreeyears.3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?

3.WhichbookshouldIreadfirst?

Pleasetellme.Pleasetellme.4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.4.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Ourteachertoldusinyesterdaysclass.Ourteachertoldusinyesterdaysclass.PleasetellmewhichbookIshouldreadfirst.Ourteachertoldus（that）lighttravelsfasterthansoundinyesterdaysclass.1could/would是是委委婉婉语语气气，而而不不是是过过去去式式，因因此此宾宾语语从从句句的的时时态态根根据据实实际际情情况况用用不不同同时态。

时态。

注意事项vCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourCouldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?

tickets?

vCouldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?

Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?

vWouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?

Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?

2.如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是ask时时，连连词词不不可可能能是是that；如如果果主主句句的的谓谓语语动动词词是是say时时，连连词用词用thatvShesays（that）shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.vHesaid（that）hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.vHeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.vYoumayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.3.如果从句中含有如果从句中含有or或或ornot时，只能时，只能用用whether而不用而不用ifvCouldyoutellmewhetherthatsafasttrainornot?

vDoyouknowwhetherheisrightornot?

vIdontcarewhetherhellstayhereornot.在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句.宾语从句宾语从句：

宾语从句引导词引导词时时态态语语序序1、That2、Whether/if3、疑问词疑问词1、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为、主句为现在时，从句的时态可以为任何时态任何时态。

2、主句为过去时，从句的时态为、主句为过去时，从句的时态为过去时的一种过去时的一种。

3、从句为客观真理，自然现象，永恒不变的规律，、从句为客观真理，自然现象，永恒不变的规律，只用只用一般现在时一般现在时。

宾语从句的语序为宾语从句的语序为陈述句陈述句语语序。

序。

当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中通常省略。

无词义，在口语或非正式文体中通常省略。

当由一般疑问句充当宾语当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用从句时，用if或或whether引引导，意为导，意为“是是否否“。

如果宾语从句原来是特如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。

的特殊疑问词引导。

主句主句主句主句从句从句从句从句一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般将来时态一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态一般现在时态祈使句祈使句祈使句祈使句含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词含有情态动词DoDoyouyouknowknowifif_back_backnextnextweekweek?

IfIfhehe_back,pleaseletmeknow.back,pleaseletmeknow.A.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesA.hecomes,willcomeB.willhecome,comesC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcomeC.hewillcome,comesD.hewillcome,willcome4.4.连词连词连词连词ifif和和和和whenwhen在不同从句中的区别：

在不同从句中的区别：

在不同从句中的区别：

在不同从句中的区别：

CIdontknowwhenhe_（come）.Icantwaithereanymore.Whenhe_（come）,wouldyoupleaseaskhimtocallme?

willcomecomes1.1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whetherA.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.2.Wedontknow_theydidit.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.whichA.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.3.TheTheteacherteacherasksasksusus_JimJimcancancomecomebackbackonontime.time.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattimeA.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.4.DoesDoesanybodyanybodyknowknow_wewewillwillhavehaveaasportssportsmeetingthisweekendornot.meetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatA.ifB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Iwonder_heiscryingnow.5.Iwonder_heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.whenA.thatB.whyC.howD.when6.Haveyoufoundout_wecandoonHainan6.Haveyoufoundout_wecandoonHainanIsland?

Island?

A.whatB.howC.ifD.whetherA.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_shehadfinishedhercomposition.7.Lilysaid_shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.whereA.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idontknow_hestillliveshere.8.Idontknow_hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whetherA.whereB.whatC.whenD.whetherBABD1.Couldyoushowme_?

1.Couldyoushowme_?

A.howcanIgettothestationA.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestationD.howIcanreachthestation2.Pleasetellme_.2.Pleasetellme_.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeA.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike3.Mysistertoldhim_.3.Mysistertoldhim_.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedA.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveC.whoshewaswaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD4.Couldyoutellmewherewe_nextweek.4.Couldyoutellmewherewe_nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoA.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgoC.hadtogoD.willgo5.Couldyoutellmehowmuch_toflyto5.Couldyoutellmehowmuch_toflytoHainan?

Hainan?

A.doitcostB.doesitcostA.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcostsC.itcostD.itcosts6.Thesmallchildrendontknow_.6.Th