高中英语课文.docx

高中英语课文.docx

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高中英语课文

必修一

Unit1

ANNE’SBESTFRIEND

Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?

Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?

AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherbestfriend.

AnnelivedinAmsterdaminNetherlandsduringWouldWar?

.HerfamilywasJewishso

theyhadtohideortheywouldbecaughtbytheGermanNazi.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,‖Idon‘twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.‖NowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.

thThursday15June1944

DearKitty,

Iwonderifit‘sbecauseIhaven‘tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI‘vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That‘schangedsinceIwashere.

…Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn‘tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn‘tgodownstairsuntilthewindowhadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI‘dseenthenightfacetoface….

…Sadly…Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydusty

windows.it‘snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.

Your,

Anne

Friday,10July1942

WhenwearrivedatPrinsengracht,wewentquicklyupstairsandthehidingplace.Weclosedthedoorbehindusandwewerealone.Margothadcomefasteronherbicycleandalreadywaitingforus.Alltheroomswerefullofboxes.Theylayonthefloorandthebeds.Thelittleroomwasfilledwithbedclothes.Wehadtostartclearingupatonce,ifwewishedtosleepincomfortablebedsthatnight.MummyandMargotwerenotabletohelp.Theyweretiredandlaydownontheirbeds.ButDaddyandI,thetwo―helper‖ofthefamily,startedatonce.

Thewholedayweunpackedtheboxes,filledthecupboardsandtidied,untilwewereextremelytired.Wedidsleepincleanbedsthatnight.Wehadn‘thadanywarmfoodtoeatallday,butwedidn‘tcare.MummyandMargotweretootiredandworriedtoeat,andDaddyandIweretoobusy.

FRIENDSHIPINHAWAII

Everyculturehasitsownwaystoshowfriendship.OntheislandsofHawaii,friendshipispartofthe―alohaspirit‖.InthelanguageoftheHawaiianswhofirstsettledtheislandslongago,alohahadaveryspecialmeaning.Thatis―tobewithhappiness‖.

Hawaiiansbelievethatoncesomebodylovestheland,theyarereadytolovetheirpeopleorcommunity.Thisisthesecondmostimportsignoffriendship.ItiscalledlokahiinHawaiianlanguage,whichmeans―onenesswithallpeople‖.Toenjoythelandyoushouldnotbe

selfish.Thelandisforeveryonewholivesonit.TodaymanydifferentpeoplecallHawaiitheirhome.Indeed,Hawaiiisaplacewherepeoplemakeonebigcommunityfrommanysmallercommunities.Eachpersongiveskokua（help）tootherpeoplesothatallfellstronger.It‘s

believedthattheislandscanbeaparadisewhenthepeopleliveinpeace.Peoplearetoldthattheiractionsshouldbeasgentleasthewindthatblowsfromthesea.Whenproblemshappen,peopleareaskedtosolvethemwithunderstanding.SowhenpeopleofHawaiitalkaboutohana（family）,theyarereallytalkingaboutallthosewholiveontheislands.

Livinginpeace,Hawaiianshavedevelopedathirdsignoffriendship.Thispersonalfriendshipisshownbygivingleistooneanother.Thelie,astringofflowers,isputoverafriend‘sneck.Thenthefriendisgivenakissoncheek.Visitorstotheislandsarealsogivenlies.Whentheyhearaloha,visitorsbegintofeelathome.Alohaalsomeans―goodbye‖,sovisitorswillhearitagainwhentheyleave.Itcanalsomean―ourheartssingingtogether‖.Perhapsthisishowmostvisitorswillremembertheirnewfriendship.

Unit2

THEROADTOMODERNENGLISH

thAttheendofthe16century,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworldandbecauseofthat,Englishbegintobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.

NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthiskindofexample:

BritishBetty:

Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?

AmericanAmy:

Yes.I‘dliketocomeuptoyourapartment.

SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?

Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfirsttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasverydifferenttheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasedmoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD800to1150,EnglishbecamelesslikegermenbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600‘sShakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythan

theverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerican.Laterinthe18centurysome

BritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliatoo.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.

thFinallybythe19centurythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:

firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebster

.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitywroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage

toAmericanEnglishspelling.

EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.duringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?

Onlytimewilltell.

STANDARDENGLISHANDDIALECTS

WhatisstandardEnglish?

IsitspokeninBritain,theUS,Canada,Australia,IndiaandNewZealand?

Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.ManypeoplebelievetheEnglishspokenonTVandtheradioisstandardEnglish.Thisisbecauseintheearlydaysofradio,thosewhoreportedthenewswereexpectedtospeakexcellentEnglish.However,onTVandtheradioyouwillheardifferencesinthewaypeoplespeak.

Whenpeopleusewordsandexpressionsdifferentfromthe―standardlanguage‖,itiscalledadialect.AmericanEnglishhasmanydialects,especiallytheMidwestern,southern,AfricanAmericanandSpanishdialects.EveninsomepartsoftheUSA,twopeoplefromneighbouringtownsspeakalittledifferently.AmericanEnglishhassomanydialectsbecausepeoplehavecomefromallovertheworld.

Geographyalsoplaysapartinmakingdialects.SomepeoplewholiveinthemountainsoftheeasternUSAspeakwithanolderkindofEnglishdialect.WhenAmericansmovedfromoneplacetoanother,theytooktheirdialectswiththem.SopeoplefromthemountainsinthesoutheasternUSAspeakwithalmostthesamedialectsaspeopleinthenorthwesternUSA.TheUSAisalargecountryinwhichmanydifferentdialectsarespoken.AlthoughmanyAmericansmovealot,theystillrecognizeandunderstandeachother‘sdialects.

THEOXFORDENGLISHDICTIONARY

YoumaythinkthatEnglishdictionarieshavebeenusedformany,manycenturies.ThespellingofEnglishhasalwaysbeenaproblembutitwasmoreofaprobleminthedaysbeforeadictionary.Thenpeoplecouldspellwordindifferentwayswhichyoumightfinditinteresting.ButitmadereadingEnglishmuchmoredifficult.Sodictionarieswereinventedtoencourageeverybodytospellthesame.Infact,anEnglishdictionarylikethekindyouusetodaywasn‘tmadeuntilthetimeofthelateQingDynasty.Theremendidmostoftheimportantearlyworkondictionaries:

SamuelJohnson,NoahWebster,andJamesMurray.Thesemenspentnearlyalloftheirlivestryingtocollectwordsfortheirdictionaries.For

them,itwasn‘tonlyajob;itwasawonderfuljourneyofdiscovery.ThelargestdictionaryintheworldistheOxfordEnglishDictionary,orOEDforshort.Theideaforthisdictionary

camefromanimportantmeetinginBritainin1857.Twenty-twoyearslater,OxfordUniversityaskedJamesMurraytobetheeditorofitsnewdictionary.

Murrayhadneverbeentocollege.Attheageoffourteen,helefthisvillageschoolinScotlandandtaughthimselfwhileworkinginabank.Laterhebecameagreatteacher.AfterOxfordgavehimthejob,Murrayhadaplacebuiltinthegardenbehindhishousetodohiswork.Partofitwasonemeterunderground.Inwinteritfeltlikeabarn,hehadtowearaheavycoatandputhisfeetinaboxtokeepwarm.Everymorning,Murraygotoutofbedatfiveo‘clockandworkedseveralhoursbeforebreakfast.Oftenhewouldworkbythecandlelightintotheevening.Murrayhopedtofinishthenewdictionaryintenyears.