886516bfbb3a4f20a61233dbbc1a1edf.docx

886516bfbb3a4f20a61233dbbc1a1edf.docx

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886516bfbb3a4f20a61233dbbc1a1edf

PartI

I.Multiple-choicequestions.Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingquestions.（10%,1%eachitem）

1.Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasproposedby_____.

A.JacobsonB.BloomfieldC.SaussureD.Chomsky

2.Thatitiswrongtosplitaninfinitiveisanexampleof_____rules.

A.prescriptiveB.descriptiveC.transformationalD.functional

3.Onecriteriaofdistinguishingdifferentconsonantsis______.

A.theheightoftongueraisingB.mannerofarticulation

C.obstructionofairflowD.totalstoppingofair

4.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisdescribedas“voicedbilabialstop”?

___________.

A.[b]B.[z]C.[g]D.[l]

5.WhichofthefollowingwordscontainsNOinflectionalsuffix?

___________.

A.fastestB.darkenC.easierD.studies

6.Good:

Badisanexampleof_____.

A.gradableantonymyB.relationalantonymy

C.complementaryantonymyD.completeantonymy

7.Inthesentence“Thehunterkilledthelionwithagun”,thethematicroleof“agun”is______.

A.agentB.patientC.experiencerD.instrument

8.InEnglish,thepartofspeechofacompoundwordisusuallydeterminedby___________.

A.therightmostmorphemeB.theleftmostmorphemeC.boundmorphemeD.freemorpheme

9.Intermsoftheplaceofarticulation,thesounds[t],[s]and[n]sharethefeatureof________.

A.palatalB.alveolarC.bilabialD.dental

10.Theabsenceofawordinaparticularplaceinasemanticfieldofalanguageiscalled_______.

A.aphasiaB.lexicalgapC.speecherrorD.semanticfield

II.TrueorFalsequestions.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.（10%,1%eachitem）

（）1.AComprehensiveGrammaroftheEnglishLanguagebyQuirketal.isasynchronicstudyoflanguage.

（）2.Theword“in”isanopenclassword.

（）3. Chineseisatonelanguage.

（）4.Theword“above”includes2syllables,inwhichthesound[b]isthecodaofthefirstsyllable.

（）5.Thesemanticrelationshipbetweenthetwosentences“John’ssonisanengineer”and“Johnhasason”ispresupposition.

（）6.Asyllableshouldcontainatleastonevowel.

（）7.Comparedwithitsantonymsmall,thewordbigisamarkeditem.

（）8.Thesentence“I’llbeback.”isadirective.

（）9.Thesentence“Boysareboys”violatesthequantitymaxim.

（）10.OgdenandRichardsproposedthesemantictriangle,arguingthattherelationbetweenawordandathingitreferstoisnotdirect,butmediatedbyconcept.

III.Fillintheblankswithproperterms.（20%,2%eachitem）

1.__________isthestudyofmeaninginuseorincontext.

2.Thestandardizedandinternationallyacceptedsystemforphonetictranscriptionis___________.

3.Intermsofsemanticrelationship,flowerisa（n）________oflily.

4.Intermsofgrammaticalcase,heisa（n）____________caseinthesentence“Hekilledalion.”

5.Thebranchofphoneticsthatstudiessoundsfromthespeaker’spointofviewislabeled_______phonetics.

6.Insecondlanguageacquisition,________referstoerrorssointernalizedthatnoamountofcorrectioncanundo.

7.Thehypothesisthatanimals,includinghumans,aregeneticallyprogrammedtoacquirecertainkindsofknowledgeandskillatspecifictimesinlifeiscalled________.

8.Theareaofthebrainthatisresponsibleforthecomprehensionofwordsandforselectionofwordswhenproducinglanguageis________.

9.Thehypothesisthatclaimsthatlanguageshapesthewaywethinkanddetermineswhatwecanthinkaboutiscalled_______.

10.Languageexistsintimeandchangesthroughtime.Thedescriptionofalanguageatsomepointoftimeiscalleda________studyoflanguage.

IV.Definition.Definefollowingterms.（20%,5%eachitem）

1.MaximalOnsetPrinciple

2.McGurkeffect

3.InputHypothesis

4.Aphasia

V.Questions.Answerthefollowingquestions.（40%,20%eachitem）

1.Discussyourunderstandingaboutpartofspeech.

2.Drawtreestructurestorepresentthewords“unlockable”,“reusable”and“unusable”,andexplaintheirmeanings.

PartII

I.Multiple-choicequestions.Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingquestions.（10%,1%eachitem）

1.______isformedbyanarrowingoftheairpassageatsomepointsothattheairinescapingmakesakindofhissingsound.

A.AplosiveB.AfricativeC.AnaffricateD.glide

2.Thevowel[i:

]in[fi:

d]isa______vowel.

A.closefrontunroundedB.closebackunrounded

C.openfrontroundedD.closebackrounded

3.______coversthestudyoflanguageuseinrelationtocontext,andinparticularthestudyoflinguisticcommunication.

A.SematicsB.PragmaticsC.SociolinguisticsD.Stylistics

4.Thefactthatabilitytospeakalanguageistransmittedfromgenerationtogenerationbyaprocessoflearning,andnotgeneticallyisusuallyreferredtoas______.

A.performanceB.languageacquisition

C.culturaltransmissionD.competence

5.Ofallthespeechorgans,the_____is/arethemostflexible.

A.mouthB.lipsC.tongueD.vocalcords

6.______isdefinedasanyregionallyorsociallydefinablehumangroupidentifiedbysharedlinguisticsystem.

A.AspeechcommunityB.Arace

C.AsocietyD.Acountry

7.______madethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparole.

A.ChormskyB.SaussureC.SapirD.Hall

8.Morphemessuchas“-er”,“-en”,“dis-”andsofortharecalled______morphemes.

A.inflectionalB.derivationalC.freeD.bound

9.Transformationalrulesdonotchangethebasic______ofsentences.

A.formB.structureC.soundpatternD.meaning

10.______arewrittenidenticallybutsounddifferently.

A.HomographsB.Homohphones

C.HomonymsD.Synonyms

II.TrueorFalsequestions.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.（10%,1%eachitem）

（）1.Morphologyandsyntaxstudythesameaspectoflanguage.

（）2.Phoneticsdealswithhowsoundsareputtogetherandusedtoconveymeaning.

（）3.Modernlinguisticsismostlydescriptive,butsometimesprescriptive.

（）4.TheclassificationofEnglishconsonantsinvolvesbothmannerofarticulationandplaceofarticulation.

（）5.Sometimesboundmorphemescanbeusedbythemselves.

（）6.Languageisonlylinearly-structured.

（）7.Meaningiscentraltothestudyofcommunication.

（）8.Pragmaticsisrelatedtoandalsodifferentfromsemantics.

（）9.Sociolinguisticsstudieslanguageinsocialcontexts.

（）10.Asynchronicstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy.

III.Fillintheblankswithproperterms.（20%,2%eachitem）

1.______dealswithhowlanguageisacquired,understoodandproduced.

2.Theconsonant[f]canbedescribedas____________.\

3.Themorphemesthatcannotbeusedbythemselves,butmustbecombinedwithothermorphemestoformwordsarecalled_______morphemes

4.Twowordsthatare“opposite”inmeaningarecalled______.

5._________isthesmallestmeaningfulunitoflanguage.

6.ModernEnglishhasamuchweakercasemarkingsystem.Itssentenceshavetofollowabasicorderof______.

7.Applicationofthetransformationalrulesyields______structure.

8.Hyponymyistherelationshipwhichobtainsbetweenspecificandgenerallexicalitems.Thewordthatismoregeneralinmeaningiscalled_______.

9.whilethemeaningofasentenceisdecontextualized,thatofan_________iscontext-dependent.

10.Inmakingconversation,thegeneralprinciplethatallparticipantsareexpectedtoobserveiscalledthe_______________principleproposedbyGrice.

IV.Definition.Definefollowingterms.（20%,5%eachitem）

1.consonant:

2.linguafranca

3.diachroniclinguistics

4.pidgin

V.Questions.Answerthefollowingquestions.（40%，20%eachquestion）

1.Whatisthemaximofquality?

Illustratehowspeakersmayfloutthismaximtoconstructanimplicature.

2.Explain“synonymy”,“antonymy”,“polysemy,”and“hyponymy”withexamples.

PartIII

I.Multiple-choicequestions.Choosethebestanswerforthefollowingquestions.（10%,1%eachitem）

1.Thestatement“Doublenegationisincorrect.”isanexampleof_____rules.

A.prescriptiveB.descriptiveC.transformationalD.functional

2.Thedistinctionbetweenlinguisticcompetenceandperformancewasproposedby_____.

A.JacobsonB.BloomfieldC.D.H.HymesD.Chomsky

3.Consonantsandvowelsaredistinguishedby______.

A.placeofarticulationB.mannerofarticulation

C.obstructionofairflowD.totalstoppingofair

4.Whichofthefollowingsoundsisdescribedas“voicedalveolarstop”?

A.[d]B.[z]C.[g]D.[l]

5.WhichofthefollowingmorphemesISaboundmorpheme?

A.nessB.kissC.lossD.boss

6.WhichofthefollowingwordscontainsNOinflectionalsuffix?

A.fastestB.chaosC.easierD.studies

7.Dead:

aliveisapairof_____.

A.gradableantonymyB.converseantonymy

C.complementaryantonymyD.completeantonymy

8.Therelationshipofhyponymyisbetweenthemoregeneraltermsuchascolorandthemorespecificinstancesofitsuchasred,blueandwhite.Thegeneraltermcoloriscalledthe________.

A.hyponymB.superordinateC.co-hyponymsD.synonym

9.Inthesentence“Thehunterkilledthelion.”thesemanticroleof“thehunter”is______.

A.agentB.patientC.experiencerD.instrument

10.Hallidaydistinguishedthreesocialvariablesthatdeterminetheregister._________isnotoneofthem.

A.fieldofdiscourseB.tenorofdiscourse

C.modeofdiscourseD.ruleofdiscourse

II.TrueorFalsequestions.DecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsareTrueorFalse.（10%,1%eachitem）

（）1.Historicallinguisticsisadiachronicstudyoflanguage.

（）2.Intheantonympairold:

young,oldisthemarkeditem.

（）3.“Ank”isamorpheme,becauseitappearsindifferentwords,suchastank,bank,rank.