鱼类组织胚胎学思考题.docx
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鱼类组织胚胎学思考题
一、名词解释
1.Histology(组织学)isasciencethatstudiesthemicrostructureandtherelationshipbetweenthestructureandfunctionoforganism.
2.Embryology(胚胎学)isasciencethatstudiestheprocessesandtheregulationsofthedevelopmentoforganism.
3.Coveringepithelia(被覆上皮)aretissuesinwhichthecellsareorganizedinlayersthatcovertheexternalsurfaceorlinetheinnersurfaceofbodycavities.
4.Mesothelium(间皮)isthesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbodycavitiessuchasthoracic,pericardialandabdominalcavities;itcanfacilitatemovementsofviscera.
5.Endothelium(内皮)isthesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbloodandlymph(淋巴)vessels;itcanfacilitatebloodflowingandtransportingofmaterials.
6.Basalmembrane(基膜)isasheetlikestructureatthebasalsurfaceofepithelialcells,whichisincontactwithsubjectconnectiveandisattachedtotheunderlyingconnectivetissue.
7.Endocrineglands(内分泌腺)arethosewhoseductsweredisappearedduringdevelopmentandthesecretionsofthemarepickedupandtransportedtotheirsiteofactionbythebloodstream.
8.Exocrineglands(外分泌腺)arethosethatretaintheirconnectionwiththesurfaceepitheliumintheformoftubularductsthroughwhichtheglandularsecretionspasstoreachthesurface.
9.Isogenousgroupsare(同源细胞群)severalchondrocytes(软骨细胞)locateinonelacuna(软骨陷窝),whicharederivedfromasingle(same)parentcell.
10.Sacromere(肌节)isasegmentofmyofibril(肌原纤维)extendingfromoneZlinetonextZline,whichiscomposedof1/2Iband,oneAbandand1/2Iband,isthesmalleststructuralandfunctionalunitofmyofibril.
11.Intercalateddiscs(闰盘)aredarkstained,stairslikestructuresthatcrosscardiacmusclefiber;infacttheyarethejunctionpartsoftwoadjacentmusclefibers.
12.Argyrophilicfibers(嗜银纤维):
Becauseoftheiraffinity(亲和)forsilversalts,reticularfiberscanbeeasilystainedblackbyimpregnationwithsilversalts,sotheyarecalledargyrophilicfibers.
13.Neuron(神经元)isthestructuralandfunctionalcellularunitthatcanreceivestimulation,conductnerveimpulse.Neuronconsistsofcellbody,dendriteandaxon.
14.Nisslbodies(尼氏体)arebasophilic(嗜碱性)spot-likedorgranule-likedstructuresonlyfoundincellbodyanddendriteofneuron;infacttheyareparalleled-arrangedRERandfreeribosome.
15.Nervefiber(神经纤维)isastructureformedbyaxonandsurroundedglialcells,whichcanconducttheimpulsetocertaindirection
16.NerveEnding(神经末梢)isthespecializedstructuresofthenervefiberterminalsthatdistributedintissuesandorgans.
二、填空题
1.Hematoxylin(苏木精)isabasic(碱性)stainandcombineswithacidic(酸性)components.Eosin(伊红)isanacidicstainandcombineswithbasiccomponents.
2.Accordingtothedistributionandfunctions,therearethreetypesofepithelium:
coveringepithelium,glandularepitheliumandneuro-epithelium.
3.Thesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbodycavitiesismesothelium;thesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbloodandlymphvesselsisendothelium.
4.Theepitheliumofthyroid(甲状腺)orrenaltubule(肾小管)issimplecuboidalepithelium;theepitheliumofintestine(肠)issimplecolumnarepithelium;theepitheliumoflargeductofrespiratory(呼吸道)ispseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepithelium;theepitheliumofmouth,pharynx(咽),esophagus(食道)orepidermis(表皮)ofskinisstratifiedsquamousepithelium;theepitheliumofbladderistransitionalepithelium.
4.Specializationsoffreesurfaceofepitheliumincludecellcoat;microvillus(微绒毛);cilium(纤毛);microruga(微皱壁).
5.Themicrovillusofsmallintestineiscalledstriatedborder(纹状缘),themicrovillusofrenaltubuleiscalledbrushborder(刷状缘).
6.Thesecretionofendocrineglandsishormone(激素).
7.Accordingtothefibers,cartilagecanbeclassifiedashyalinecartilage,elasticcartilageandfibrocartilage.
8.Cellsinbonetissueincludeosteocytes(骨细胞),osteoprogenitorcells(骨原细胞),osteoblast(成骨细胞)andosteoclasts(破骨细胞).
9.Inbloodtherearethreekindsofgranulocytes(有粒白细胞):
neutrophil(嗜中性粒细胞),eosinophil(嗜酸性粒细胞)andbasophil(嗜碱性粒细胞),
10.Inbloodtherearetwokindsofagranulocytes(无粒白细胞):
lympocyte(淋巴细胞),,monocyte(单核细胞),
11.Inmammalandfishbloodplatelet(血小板)andthrombocyte(血栓细胞),areinvolvedinbloodclottingrespectively.
12.Musclecelliscalledmusclefiberandthemembraneofmusclecellisalsocalledsarcolemma(肌膜),
13.Nisslbodies(尼氏体)arebasophilicmaterials;inelectronmicroscopetheyarecomposedofRERandfreeribosome.
14.Nervetissueconsistsofneuronandglialcell(胶质细胞)
15.Theprocessesofneuronincludedendrite(树突)andaxon(轴突)
16.Therearetwokindsofnerveending:
sensorynerveending(receptor)(感觉神经末梢)andmotornerveending.(运动神经末梢)
三、单项选择题
1.Pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepitheliumisdistributedin(A)
A.trachea(气管)B.renaltubuleC.bladder(膀胱)D.intestine
2.Themostcommoncellinlooseconnectivetissueis(C)
A.fatcellB.mastcell肥大细胞C.fibroblast成纤维细胞D.plasmacell浆细胞
3.Whichonehastheabilityofphagocytose?
(B)
A.fibroblastB.macrophage巨噬细胞C.fatcellD.plasmacell
4.Thecellthatcansynthesizesandsecreteimmunoglobulin(orantibody)is(D)
A.fibrocyte纤维细胞B.macrophageC.pigmentcell色素细胞D.plasmacell
5.Simplecuboidalepitheliumisdistributedin(B)
A.tracheaB.renaltubuleC.bladderD.intestine
6.Whichoneisnotthespecializationoffreesurfaceofepithelium?
(D)
A.cellcoatB.microvillusC.ciliumD.flagellum(鞭毛)
7.Whichoneisnotfoundinlooseconnectivetissue?
(C)
A.macrophagesB.leukocytes白细胞C.redbloodcellD.plasmacell,
8.Sacromere(肌节)is(A)
A.1/2Iband+Aband+1/2IbandB.1/2Aband+Iband+1/2Aband
C.1/2Iband+1/2Aband+1/2IbandD.Iband+Aband+Iband
9.Nerveimpulseisconductedthrough(B)
A.Ranviernode(郎飞结)B.axilemma(轴膜)C.Synapse(突轴)D.myelinshelth(髓鞘)
10.WhichoneisnotthefunctionofGlialcell?
(D)
A.supportingB.protectionC.repairingD.impulseconduction
11.Argyrophilicfiber(嗜银纤维)is(C)
A.collagenousfiberB.elasticfiberC.reticularfiberD.nervefiber
12.Whichonehasnonucleus?
(B)
A.neuronB.erythrocyte红细胞ofmammalsC.erythrocyteoffishD.monocyte
13.Macrophagederivesfrom(A)
A.monocyte单核细胞B.Blymphocyte淋巴细胞C.TlymphocyteD.basophile
四、多项选择题
1.Gobletcellsarefoundin(AD)
A.tracheaB.renaltubuleC.bladderD.intestine
2.Thecellsthathavetheabilityofphagocytizeare(ACD)
A.osteoclast破骨细胞B.fibroblastC.monocyteD.macrophage
3.Thecellsthathavemorethanonenucleusare(AD)
A.osteoclast破骨细胞B.fibroblastC.mastcellD.skeletalmusclecell
4.Fibersinlooseconnectivetissueare(ABC)
A.collagenousfiberB.elasticfiberC.reticularfiberD.nervefiber
5.Thecellsthatcansynthesizecollagenousfiberare(ABCD)
A.osteoblastB.fibroblastC.smoothmusclecellD.chondrocyte
6.Thefibersthathavecrossstriationare(ABCD)
A.collagenousfiberB.smoothmusclefiberC.skeletalmusclefiber
D.cardiacmusclefiber
五、判断题
1.PASisshortforPeriodicAcidSchiff,whichisamethodtostainsugar.(√)
2.Intheepidermisoffishthereisakindofmucuscell.(√)
3.Thereisnonucleusinmatureredbloodcellsofmammalsandfishes.(×)
4.PlasmacellderivesfromTlymphocyte.(√).
5.Thesecretionsofexocrineglandsandendocrineglandsareallcalledhormones.(×)
6.Allmusclesthathavecrossstriationarevoluntarymuscle.(×)
7.Fibroblastsandfibrocytesarethesametypeofcellsindifferentactivestation.(√)
六、简答题
1.Pleasewriteoutthegeneralfeaturesofcoveringepithelium.
1)Coveringepitheliumiscomposedofcloselyaggregatedcellswithverylittleextracellularsubstanceandformcellularsheets.
2)Polarity:
coveringepithelialtissueshaveafreesurface,whichfacesairorotherthings,andabasalsurfacethatrestsonabasementmembraneandfacesunderlyingconnectivetissue.
3)Therearenobloodvesselsincoveringepithelium;allnutrientsmustpassoutofthebasementmembranefromtheunderlyingconnectivetissue.
4)Coveringepitheliumisrichinnerveends.
5)Thecellsofcoveringepitheliumarerenewedcontinuouslybymeansofmitoticactivity.
6)Havefunctionsofprotection,secretion,absorptionandsensoryreception.
2.Pleasewriteoutthegeneralfeaturesofconnectivetissue.
1)Cellsinconnectivetissuearerelativelysmallinnumberbutrichintype
2)Theextracellularmatrixisgenerallythedominantcomponent.
3)Theextracellulariscomposedoffibersandamorphousgroundsubstance.
4)Allconnectivetissuesoriginatefrommesenchyme-theembryonalCT
5)Cellslineirregularlyandinnodirection.
6)Havefunctionsofconnection,supporting,protecting,nourish,defendingandrepairing
3.Pleasewriteoutthecellsandfibersoflooseconnectivetissue.
1)Cells:
fibroblast,macrophage,plasmacell,mastcell,fatcell,undifferentiatedmesenchymacellandleukocyte
2)Fibers:
collagenousfiber,elasticfiber,andreticularfiber.
4.Pleasewriteoutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthreekindsofmuscletissues.
skeletalmuscle
cardiacmuscle
smoothmuscle
shapeofcells
longcylindrical
shortcolumn
elongated,spindle
numberofnucleus
many
1-2
1
crossstriation
have
have
nothave
intercalateddisc
nothave
have
nothave
voluntaryornot
voluntary
involuntary
involuntary
contraction
strong,quickanddiscontinuous
strong,quickandcontinuous
weak,slowandcontinuous
distribution
head,trunk