鱼类组织胚胎学思考题.docx

鱼类组织胚胎学思考题.docx

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鱼类组织胚胎学思考题

一、名词解释

1.Histology（组织学）isasciencethatstudiesthemicrostructureandtherelationshipbetweenthestructureandfunctionoforganism.

2.Embryology（胚胎学）isasciencethatstudiestheprocessesandtheregulationsofthedevelopmentoforganism.

3.Coveringepithelia（被覆上皮）aretissuesinwhichthecellsareorganizedinlayersthatcovertheexternalsurfaceorlinetheinnersurfaceofbodycavities.

4.Mesothelium（间皮）isthesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbodycavitiessuchasthoracic,pericardialandabdominalcavities;itcanfacilitatemovementsofviscera.

5.Endothelium（内皮）isthesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbloodandlymph（淋巴）vessels;itcanfacilitatebloodflowingandtransportingofmaterials.

6.Basalmembrane（基膜）isasheetlikestructureatthebasalsurfaceofepithelialcells,whichisincontactwithsubjectconnectiveandisattachedtotheunderlyingconnectivetissue.

7.Endocrineglands（内分泌腺）arethosewhoseductsweredisappearedduringdevelopmentandthesecretionsofthemarepickedupandtransportedtotheirsiteofactionbythebloodstream.

8.Exocrineglands（外分泌腺）arethosethatretaintheirconnectionwiththesurfaceepitheliumintheformoftubularductsthroughwhichtheglandularsecretionspasstoreachthesurface.

9.Isogenousgroupsare（同源细胞群）severalchondrocytes（软骨细胞）locateinonelacuna（软骨陷窝）,whicharederivedfromasingle（same）parentcell.

10.Sacromere（肌节）isasegmentofmyofibril（肌原纤维）extendingfromoneZlinetonextZline,whichiscomposedof1/2Iband,oneAbandand1/2Iband,isthesmalleststructuralandfunctionalunitofmyofibril.

11.Intercalateddiscs（闰盘）aredarkstained,stairslikestructuresthatcrosscardiacmusclefiber;infacttheyarethejunctionpartsoftwoadjacentmusclefibers.

12.Argyrophilicfibers（嗜银纤维）:

Becauseoftheiraffinity（亲和）forsilversalts,reticularfiberscanbeeasilystainedblackbyimpregnationwithsilversalts,sotheyarecalledargyrophilicfibers.

13.Neuron（神经元）isthestructuralandfunctionalcellularunitthatcanreceivestimulation,conductnerveimpulse.Neuronconsistsofcellbody,dendriteandaxon.

14.Nisslbodies（尼氏体）arebasophilic（嗜碱性）spot-likedorgranule-likedstructuresonlyfoundincellbodyanddendriteofneuron;infacttheyareparalleled-arrangedRERandfreeribosome.

15.Nervefiber（神经纤维）isastructureformedbyaxonandsurroundedglialcells,whichcanconducttheimpulsetocertaindirection

16.NerveEnding（神经末梢）isthespecializedstructuresofthenervefiberterminalsthatdistributedintissuesandorgans.

二、填空题

1.Hematoxylin（苏木精）isabasic（碱性）stainandcombineswithacidic（酸性）components.Eosin（伊红）isanacidicstainandcombineswithbasiccomponents.

2.Accordingtothedistributionandfunctions,therearethreetypesofepithelium:

coveringepithelium,glandularepitheliumandneuro-epithelium.

3.Thesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbodycavitiesismesothelium;thesimplesquamousepitheliumthatlinestheinnersurfaceofbloodandlymphvesselsisendothelium.

4.Theepitheliumofthyroid（甲状腺）orrenaltubule（肾小管）issimplecuboidalepithelium;theepitheliumofintestine（肠）issimplecolumnarepithelium;theepitheliumoflargeductofrespiratory（呼吸道）ispseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepithelium;theepitheliumofmouth,pharynx（咽）,esophagus（食道）orepidermis（表皮）ofskinisstratifiedsquamousepithelium;theepitheliumofbladderistransitionalepithelium.

4.Specializationsoffreesurfaceofepitheliumincludecellcoat;microvillus（微绒毛）;cilium（纤毛）;microruga（微皱壁）.

5.Themicrovillusofsmallintestineiscalledstriatedborder（纹状缘）,themicrovillusofrenaltubuleiscalledbrushborder（刷状缘）.

6.Thesecretionofendocrineglandsishormone（激素）.

7.Accordingtothefibers,cartilagecanbeclassifiedashyalinecartilage,elasticcartilageandfibrocartilage.

8.Cellsinbonetissueincludeosteocytes（骨细胞）,osteoprogenitorcells（骨原细胞）,osteoblast（成骨细胞）andosteoclasts（破骨细胞）.

9.Inbloodtherearethreekindsofgranulocytes（有粒白细胞）:

neutrophil（嗜中性粒细胞）,eosinophil（嗜酸性粒细胞）andbasophil（嗜碱性粒细胞）,

10.Inbloodtherearetwokindsofagranulocytes（无粒白细胞）:

lympocyte（淋巴细胞）,,monocyte（单核细胞）,

11.Inmammalandfishbloodplatelet（血小板）andthrombocyte（血栓细胞）,areinvolvedinbloodclottingrespectively.

12.Musclecelliscalledmusclefiberandthemembraneofmusclecellisalsocalledsarcolemma（肌膜）,

13.Nisslbodies（尼氏体）arebasophilicmaterials;inelectronmicroscopetheyarecomposedofRERandfreeribosome.

14.Nervetissueconsistsofneuronandglialcell（胶质细胞）

15.Theprocessesofneuronincludedendrite（树突）andaxon（轴突）

16.Therearetwokindsofnerveending:

sensorynerveending（receptor）（感觉神经末梢）andmotornerveending.（运动神经末梢）

三、单项选择题

1.Pseudostratifiedciliatedcolumnarepitheliumisdistributedin（A）

        A．trachea（气管）B．renaltubuleC．bladder（膀胱）D．intestine

2.Themostcommoncellinlooseconnectivetissueis（C）

        A．fatcellB．mastcell肥大细胞C．fibroblast成纤维细胞D．plasmacell浆细胞

3.Whichonehastheabilityofphagocytose?

（B）

        A．fibroblastB．macrophage巨噬细胞C．fatcellD．plasmacell

4.Thecellthatcansynthesizesandsecreteimmunoglobulin（orantibody）is（D）

        A．fibrocyte纤维细胞B．macrophageC．pigmentcell色素细胞D．plasmacell

5.Simplecuboidalepitheliumisdistributedin（B）

        A．tracheaB．renaltubuleC．bladderD．intestine

6.Whichoneisnotthespecializationoffreesurfaceofepithelium?

（D）

        A．cellcoatB．microvillusC．ciliumD．flagellum（鞭毛）

7.Whichoneisnotfoundinlooseconnectivetissue?

（C）

        A．macrophagesB．leukocytes白细胞C．redbloodcellD．plasmacell,

8.Sacromere（肌节）is（A）

   A．1/2Iband+Aband+1/2IbandB．1/2Aband+Iband+1/2Aband

C．1/2Iband+1/2Aband+1/2IbandD．Iband+Aband+Iband

9.Nerveimpulseisconductedthrough（B）

        A．Ranviernode（郎飞结）B．axilemma（轴膜）C．Synapse（突轴）D．myelinshelth（髓鞘）

10.WhichoneisnotthefunctionofGlialcell?

（D）

        A．supportingB．protectionC．repairingD．impulseconduction

11.Argyrophilicfiber（嗜银纤维）is（C）

        A．collagenousfiberB．elasticfiberC．reticularfiberD．nervefiber

12.Whichonehasnonucleus?

（B）

        A．neuronB．erythrocyte红细胞ofmammalsC．erythrocyteoffishD．monocyte

13.Macrophagederivesfrom（A）

        A．monocyte单核细胞B．Blymphocyte淋巴细胞C．TlymphocyteD．basophile

四、多项选择题

1.Gobletcellsarefoundin（AD）

        A．tracheaB．renaltubuleC．bladderD．intestine

2.Thecellsthathavetheabilityofphagocytizeare（ACD）

        A．osteoclast破骨细胞B．fibroblastC．monocyteD．macrophage

3.Thecellsthathavemorethanonenucleusare（AD）

         A．osteoclast破骨细胞B．fibroblastC．mastcellD．skeletalmusclecell

4.Fibersinlooseconnectivetissueare（ABC）

        A．collagenousfiberB．elasticfiberC．reticularfiberD．nervefiber

5.Thecellsthatcansynthesizecollagenousfiberare（ABCD）

        A．osteoblastB．fibroblastC．smoothmusclecellD．chondrocyte

6.Thefibersthathavecrossstriationare（ABCD）

        A．collagenousfiberB．smoothmusclefiberC．skeletalmusclefiber

D．cardiacmusclefiber

五、判断题

1.PASisshortforPeriodicAcidSchiff,whichisamethodtostainsugar.（√）

2.Intheepidermisoffishthereisakindofmucuscell.（√）

3.Thereisnonucleusinmatureredbloodcellsofmammalsandfishes.（×）

4.PlasmacellderivesfromTlymphocyte.（√）.

5.Thesecretionsofexocrineglandsandendocrineglandsareallcalledhormones.（×）

6.Allmusclesthathavecrossstriationarevoluntarymuscle.（×）

7.Fibroblastsandfibrocytesarethesametypeofcellsindifferentactivestation.（√）

六、简答题

1.Pleasewriteoutthegeneralfeaturesofcoveringepithelium.

1）Coveringepitheliumiscomposedofcloselyaggregatedcellswithverylittleextracellularsubstanceandformcellularsheets.

2）Polarity:

coveringepithelialtissueshaveafreesurface,whichfacesairorotherthings,andabasalsurfacethatrestsonabasementmembraneandfacesunderlyingconnectivetissue.

3）Therearenobloodvesselsincoveringepithelium;allnutrientsmustpassoutofthebasementmembranefromtheunderlyingconnectivetissue.

4）Coveringepitheliumisrichinnerveends.

5）Thecellsofcoveringepitheliumarerenewedcontinuouslybymeansofmitoticactivity.

6）Havefunctionsofprotection,secretion,absorptionandsensoryreception.

2.Pleasewriteoutthegeneralfeaturesofconnectivetissue.

1）Cellsinconnectivetissuearerelativelysmallinnumberbutrichintype

2）Theextracellularmatrixisgenerallythedominantcomponent.

3）Theextracellulariscomposedoffibersandamorphousgroundsubstance.

4）Allconnectivetissuesoriginatefrommesenchyme-theembryonalCT

5）Cellslineirregularlyandinnodirection.

6）Havefunctionsofconnection,supporting,protecting,nourish,defendingandrepairing

3.Pleasewriteoutthecellsandfibersoflooseconnectivetissue.

1）Cells:

fibroblast,macrophage,plasmacell,mastcell,fatcell,undifferentiatedmesenchymacellandleukocyte

2）Fibers:

collagenousfiber,elasticfiber,andreticularfiber.

4.Pleasewriteoutthesimilaritiesanddifferencesofthreekindsofmuscletissues.

skeletalmuscle

cardiacmuscle

smoothmuscle

shapeofcells

longcylindrical

shortcolumn

elongated,spindle

numberofnucleus

many

1-2

1

crossstriation

have

have

nothave

 intercalateddisc

nothave

have

nothave

voluntaryornot

voluntary

involuntary

involuntary

contraction

strong,quickanddiscontinuous

strong,quickandcontinuous

weak,slowandcontinuous

distribution

head,trunk