高中英语必修一第一单元分析.docx
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高中英语必修一第一单元分析
Unit1friendship
Wordslist
1.survey调查;测验
2.addup合计
3.upsetadj.心烦意乱的;不安的,不适的
4.ignore不理睬;忽视
5.calmvt.&vi.(使)平静;(使)镇定adj.平静的;镇定的;沉着的
calm(……)down(使)平静下来
6.havegotto不得不;必须
7.concernv(使)担心;涉及;关系到
n.担心;关注;(利害)关系
beconcernedabout关心;挂念
8.walkthedog溜狗
9.looseadj松的;松开的
10.vet兽医
11.gothrough经历;经受
12.Amsterdam阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都)
13.Netherlands荷兰(西欧国家)
14.Jewish犹太人的;犹太族的
15.German德国的;德国人的;德语的。
16.Nazi纳粹党人adj.纳粹党的
17.setdown记下;放下;登记
18.series连续,系列
aseriesof一连串的;一系列;一套
19.outdoors在户外;在野外
20.spellbind迷住;疑惑
21.onpurpose故意
22.inorderto为了
23.dusk黄昏傍晚
atdusk在黄昏时刻
24.thundervi打雷雷鸣n.雷,雷声
25.entireadj.整个的;完全的;全部的
entirelyadv.完全地;全然地;整个地
26.power能力;力量;权力。
27.facetoface面对面地
28.curtain窗帘;门帘;幕布
29.dustyadj积满灰尘的
30.nolonger/not…anylonger不再
31.partner伙伴.合作者.合伙人
32.settle安家;定居;停留vt使定居;安排;解决
33.suffervt&遭受;忍受经历
34.sufferfrom遭受;患病
35.loneliness孤单寂寞
36.highway公路
37.recover痊愈;恢复
38.get/betiredof对…厌烦
39.pack捆扎;包装打行李n小包;包裹
pack(sth)up将(东西)装箱打包
40.suitcase手提箱;衣箱
41.overcoat大衣外套
42.teenager十几岁的青少年
43.getalongwith与…相处。
进展
44.gossip闲话;闲谈
45.fallinlove相爱;爱上
46.exactly确实如此;正是;确切地
47.disagree不同意
dislike不喜欢;厌恶
48.grateful感激的;表示谢意的
49.joinin参加;加入
50.tip提示;技巧;尖;尖端;小费vt.倾斜;翻倒
51.secondly第二;其次
52.swap交换
53.item项目;条款
Keywords
1.upset
(1)adj心烦意乱的,(肠胃)有些不适的
I’msufferingfromanupsetstomach.
Hewasupsetoverherillness.
(2)adj不安的
Heisupsetbecausehefailedintheexam.
(3)v使…不安;打翻
Itupsethimthatnobodyhadtoldhimaboutit.
Don’tupsettheboat.
练习:
1.Becausehedidn’tfinishtheworkontimeandwasfiredbythecompany,hewasveryAaboutit.
A.upsetB.worriedC.anxiousD.nervous
2.——What’sthematter,Mary?
YoulookD.
——Ilostmywallet.
A.disappointedB.movedC.excitedD.upset
2.havegotto=haveto不得不,必须
Ihavegottogetupearlythismorning.
练习:
IusuallyCgetupbefore5:
00am,topreparebreakfastformyfamily.
AneedBhavetoChavegottoDhaven’tto
3.gothrough
(1)经历
Thecountryhasgonethroughtoomanywars.
(2)被通过
Thenewlawdidnotgothrough.
(3)讨论
Let'sgothroughtheargumentagain.
(4)举行
Theywentthroughthemarriageservice.
练习
1Thepolicethebuildinghopingtocatchthechief.
AlookedforBsearchedfor
CfoundoutDwentthrough
4.concern:
concernsth./sb.与……有关系
beconcernedaboutsb./sth.使担忧;使烦恼
=beworriedaboutsb./sth.
beconcernedwith…与…有关
asfaras…beconcerned就…而言
练习
Theseproblemsall.(concern)
Theexpertsthegrowthintheworld’spopulation.(areconcernedabout)
100peopletheproblem.(areconcernedwith)
5.stay可以作系动词来用,相当于be,后接形容词或名词
Theweatherstayedhotallweek.
Theystayedfriendsforyears.
6.onpurpose有意地,故意地
Shebrokethecuponpurpose.
练习题
Ididn’tdoit.
AtopurposeBonpurpose
CinpurposeDbypurpose
7.inordertodo…=soastodo…(soasto不能放在句首)
inorderthat/sothat
Weleftearlyinorderto/soastocatchthefirstbus.
=Weleftearlyinorderthat/sothatwecouldcatchthefirstbus.
练习:
______________passtheexam,heworkedhard.(inorderto)
8.happentodosth.碰巧做某事
Karlhappenedtonoticeherwhileshewasstrugglinginthewater
=IthappenedthatKarlnoticedhershewasstrugglinginthewater.
练习
当我进来的时候他碰巧在睡觉
(HehappenedtobeasleepwhenIcamein)
9.it’snouse/good/needdoingsth做某事没有好处、必要、用处。
It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收
练习
1.Eugene'sneverwillingtoalteranyofhisopinions.It'snouse_______withhim.
A.toargueB.arguing
C.arguedD.havingargued
10.series
n.(单复同)连续,一系列
aseriesof一系列的….一连串的…一套(丛书、邮票等)
aseriesofnaturalandmanmadedisasters一连串天灾人祸
aseriesofstamps一套邮票
TVseries电视系列片
练习
TwoAoftextbookswillhavebeentriedinthesetwoprovincesinthenextthreeyears.
AseriesBserieCcopyDset
Phrase
1.列出makealistof
2.内心的情感和想法deepestfeelingsandthoughts
3.被…抓becaughtby
4.躲藏,隐藏hideaway
5.记流水帐setdownaseriesoffacts
6.藏身之处thehidingplace
7.对…痴迷grow/becrazyabout
8.故意onpurpose
9.为了…inorderto
10.太多的光fartoomuchlight
11.改时间,改天anothertime
12.碰巧做谋事happentodo
13.在黄昏atdusk
14.把…震住holdsb.inone’spower
重点句子分析
1.Iwonderifit’sbecauseIhaven’tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI’vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.
我不知道这是不是因为我很久无法出门的缘故,我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
A.Iwonderif…我想知道是否…
B.Itis/was+强调部分+that/who+原句中的其它部分(强调句型)
1.陈述句的强调句型
Itis/was+被强调部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语)+that/who(当强调主语且主语指人)+其他部分。
例子ItwasyesterdaythathemetLiPing.
Itwasabout20yearsagothatJoegotmarried.
2.一般疑问句的强调句型同上,只是把is/was提到it前面。
例子WasityesterdaythathemetLiPing?
3.特殊疑问句的强调句型
被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分?
例子Whenandwherewasitthatyouwereborn?
4.not…until…句型的强调句
A.句型为:
Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分
普通句:
Hedidn'tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.
强调句:
Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed.
B.注意:
此句型只用until,不用till。
但如果不是强调句型,till,until可通用;因为句型中Itis/wasnot...已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。
5.谓语动词的强调
A.Itis/was...that...结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/does或did
Dositdown.务必请坐。
Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!
B.注意:
此种强调只用do/does和did,没有别的形式;过去时用did,后面的谓语动词用原形。
练习:
1.---Wereallthreepeopleinthecarinjuredintheaccident?
---No,___onlythetwopassengerswhogothurt.
A.itwasB.thereisC.itwereD.therewas
2.---Whoismakingsomuchnoiseinthegarden?
---___thechildren.
A.ItisB.TheyareC.ThatisD.Thereare
3.Shewasabouttogoout____thetelephonerang.
A.thatB.whereC.thenD.when
4.Itwaswhathesaid___disappointedme.
A.thatB.whatC.whenD.when
5.____thatgoldisnotwidelyusedasaconductor导体?
A.WhyisB.Isitwhy
C.WhyisitD.Whyisthat
6.---Ican’tfindMr.Smith.Wheredidyoumeethimthismorning?
---Itwasinthehotel___hestayed.
A.thatBwhichC.theoneD.where
7.Itwasinthesmallhousethatwasbuiltwithstonesbyhisfather___hespenthischildhood.
A.thatB,whereC,whichD.who
C.everything/something/anything/nothingtodowith与…有(无)关的事物
e.g.Hisjobissomethingtodowithpainting.
Whatyouaredoingisnothingtodowithstudy.
2.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.
A.Therewasatimewhen+定语从句“有一段时间……”
3.ItwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI’dseenthenightfacetoface.这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
Itisthefirsttime/second…timethat+主语+have/hasdone
Itwasthefirsttime/second…timethat+主语+haddone某人第几次做某事
练习:
Thisisthefirsttime____________.
A.IseeherB.I'veseenherC.I'mseeingher
4.Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.
=whicharehanging…
=whichhang…
e.g.Apicturehangs/ishangingonthewall.
Onthewallhangs/ishangingapicture.
ThepicturewashungbyTom.
5.Itisnopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.
观看这些已经不再是乐趣,因为大自然是你必须亲身体验的。
Itisnouse/good+doingsth.事事抱怨是没有好处的
Itisnogoodcomplainingabouteverything.事事抱怨是没有好处的
Grammar
Directspeechandindirectspeech(直接引语和间接引语)
一.基本概念
(1)直接引语:
一字不改地引述别人的话
(2)间接引语:
用说话人自己的话转述别人的话
二.变换类型
1.直接引语为陈述句
直接引语为陈述句,用that引导(口语中可以省略)。
引述动词有:
say,tell等。
陈述句变间接引语要注意:
1、人称的变化2、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化3、时态的变化4、人称的变化。
一般的规则:
一随主,二随宾,三不变
例如:
Theteachersaid,“John,youmustbringyourbooktotheclass.”
1>第三者说:
TheteachertoldJohnthathemustbringhisbooktotheclass.
2>别人对约翰说:
Theteachersaidthatyoumustbringyourbooktotheclass.
3>约翰自己说:
TheteachersaidthatImustbringmybooktotheclass.
I指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
1〉指示代词的变化
this----thatthese----those
2〉时间状语的变化
now----thenago----beforetoday----thatday
yesterday----thedaybefore;thepreviousday
tomorrow----thenextday;thefollowingday
thedaybeforeyesterday----twodaysbefore
thedayaftertomorrow----twodayslater
nextweek/month,etc.----thenextweek/month,etc.
lastweek/month,etc.----theweek/monthbefore
3〉地点状语的变化
here----there
4〉动词的变化
come----go
注:
在当地转述时,here不变为there,come不变为go.
在当天转述时,yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不变。
II时态的变化
(1)
1主句为现在或将来时态时,间接引语的时态不变。
e.g.A.Hesays,“I’mtired.”
Hesaysheistired.
B.Hehassaidtome,“I’mtired.”
Hehassaidtomeheistired.
C.Hewillsay,“Theboywaslazy.”
Hewilltellyouthattheboywaslazy.
2、主句为过去时态时,直接引语一般作相应的变化,这就叫所谓的“时态的呼应”。
1)、一般现在时变为一般过去时。
e.g.Hesaid,“I’msorry.”
Hesaidhewassorry.
2)现在进行时变为过去进行时。
e.g.Shesaid,“He’swaiting.”
Shesaidhewaswaiting.
3)现在完成时变为过去完成时。
e.g.Hesaid,“Youhaven’tchangedmuch.”
HesaidthatIhadn‘tchangedmuch.
4)一般过去时变为过去完成时。
e.g.Hesaid,“Themancameatsix.”
Hesaidthatthemanhadcomeatsix.
5)一般将来时变为过去将来时。
e.g.Shesaid,“Iwilldoitafterclass.”
Shesaidthatshewoulddoitafterclass.
6)过去完成时不变。
e.g.Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomework.”
Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomework.
注:
直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时时态不变。
e.g.Theteachertoldus,“Theearthmovesaroundthesun.”
Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.
III时态的变化
(2)
1)含情态动词的一般现在时变为情态动词的一般过去时。
e.g.Shesaid,“Hecanswimverywell.”
Shesaidthathecouldswimverywell.
注:
1)如果直接引语的情态动词是一般过去时,间接引语还是用情态动词的过去一般时。
e.g.Shesaid,“Hecouldswimverywell.”
Shesaidthathecouldswimverywell.
2)有些情态动词如must,oughtto,need,hadbetter等只有一种形式,那么在间接引语中形式不变。
e.g.Hesaid,“Imust