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专升本英语讲义
专升本英语讲义
《2011专升本公共英语》讲义
董琳
英语语法框架
第一章词法(十大词类)
实词
1.名词
2.动词
3.形容词
4.副词
5.代词
6.数词
虚词
7.连词
8.介词
9.冠词
10.感叹词
第二章句法
按语气分类
1.陈述句
2.疑问句
3.祈使句
4.感叹句
按结构分类
1.简单句
2.并列句
3.复合句
第三章主谓一致
第四章前置与倒装
第五章It的用法
第六章省略句
第七章词汇法(合成词、派生词、转化词、混合词)
第八章标点符号(逗号、句号、分号、冒号、引号、撇号、
省略号、破折号、连字符、问号、感叹号、斜线)
第九章国际音标
英语语法项目细则
第一部分
一、名词
1.名词的分类:
可数名词与不可数名词
普通名词与专有名词
物质名词与抽象名词
个体名词与集体名词
单一名词与合成名词
2.名词的单数与复数
3.名词的单数变为复数的规则:
规则名词、不规则名词与复合名词
4.名词的所有格(两种):
Tom’sbook;afriendofmine
5.名词的句法功能:
主语、宾语、同位语、表语、定语
二、动词
1.动词的分类:
单一动词与短语动词
及物动词与不及物动词
谓语动词与非谓语动词
情态动词与半情态动词
助动词
2.动词的时态(十六种)
3.动词的语态(主动语态与被动语态)
4.动词的语气:
陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、感叹语气
5.动词的句法功能
6.动词的非谓语形式:
不定式、动名词、分词
7.非谓语动词的句法功能
三、代词
1.代词的分类:
人称代词(主格、宾格)
物主代词(形容词性、名词性)、
指示代词
相互代词
反身代词
不定代词
疑问代词
关系代词
2.代词的句法功能
四、数词
1.数词的分类:
基数词与序数词
2.基数词与序数词的构成
3.基数词与序数词的句法功能
4.百分比
5.小数
6.分数
7.倍数
8.年份、月份、日期
9.时刻
10.岁数、年代与世纪
11.数学算式与编号表示法
五、形容词与副词
1.形容词的句法功能与位置
2.副词的句法功能与位置
3.副词的种类:
程度副词、频率副词、方式副词、时间副词、
地点副词、评注性副词、逻辑性副词、疑问副词、连接副词、关系副词
4.形容词与副词的比较等级:
原级、比较级、最高级
5.形容词的句法顺序
6.带-ly和不带-ly的副词
六、介词
1.介词的分类:
单一介词、介词短语
2.介词的句法功能
3.介词的种类:
表示时间、表示方位、表示手段、表示材料、表示原因、表示关于
七、连词
1.连词的意义和用法
八、冠词
1.冠词的种类:
a、an、the
2.冠词的用法
九、感叹词
1.常用感叹词
第二部分
句法
简单句
1.简单句的五种基本句型
主语+谓语
主语+谓语+宾语
主语+系动词+表语
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
主语+谓语+主语补足语
Therebe句型
Examples
1.Imustgo.
Igotoschoolbybus.
2.Ieatanapple.(回答“什么”)
Iloveyouverymuch.(回答“谁”)
Theyaredealingwiththeproblems.
Scientistsoftenobserveanimalsinlabs.
3.Wearestudents.
Insummer,meatgoesbadeasily.
(go,stand,get,become,turn,remain,prove…)
Theclothfeelssoft.
(sound,taste,feel,look,smell+形容词)
4.Iseehimcrossingthestreet.
WehaveelectedMarytobeourmonitor.
TheyhelpusstudyEnglish.
5.Thesunrisesred.
Themanwaslyingonthegrounddead.
6.Thereisatree.
Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.
Therewillbeagreatchange.
Therehavebeenmanypeoplewhoconcernme.
状语的种类
1.时间
Intheearly1900s,fewcancerpatientshadanyhopeof
long-termsurvival.
2.地点
Spanishistheofficiallanguageofmorecountries
intheworld.
3.目的
Astronautswearheatshieldsforprotection
outsidethespaceship.
4.程度
Thankyouverymuch.
Ientirelyagreewithyouropinion.
5.频率
HewenttoEnglishclasstwiceaweek.
6.方式
Heistallasyou.
Thegirlenteredtheroomquietlyandslowly.
7.逻辑
Hence,weshouldprotectourplanetearth.(结论)
Moreover,wemusttryourbesttodoso.(递进)
Theearth,however,aregettingbiggerandbigger.(转折)
8.评注
Franklyspeaking,Idon’tlikeyou.
Itmaybehappens.
9.结果
Hewenttheretofindthetrainhadgone.
10.原因
TheboycameallthewayfromCanadajustforyou.
11.条件
Weatherpermitting,wewenttothepark.
12.让步
Wewerestillworkingthoughitwasdark.
13.插入
Believeitornot,Iwillsupportyou.
宾语的三种形式(动词、形容词、介词)
1.Ibelieveyou.
Iagreewithyou.
Iconcludethatweshouldstudyharderthanbefore.
2.IamsorrythatIamlateagain.
Iamsurethatyouwillwinthegame.
3.Weshouldbeawareofthefact.
Theyarguemuchinwhethertheyshoulddoitornot.
Pleaseanalyzethefollowingsentences
1.Theroomupstairsisempty.
2.Johnisoldenoughtojointhearmy.
3.Surelywewillhelpyou.
4.Ihaveenoughmoneytobuythehouse.
5.Hehasmadeasmuchprogressashisclassmates.
6.Thisisarathertoughproblem.
7.Ifoundhimaway.
8.Icanhearyouspeakloudandclear.
9.Icanhearyouspeakloudlyandclearly.
10.Youmuststandfirm.
11.Hisremarksleftmewonderingabouthisrealpurpose.
12.Ifoundthecitygreatlychanged.
2.简单句的种类
按语气分类:
陈述句:
肯定与否定
疑问句:
一般疑问句、特殊疑问句
选择疑问句、反意疑问句
祈使句:
肯定与否定
感叹句:
How引导与What引导
按结构分类:
简单句
并列句
复合句:
名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)
定语从句
状语从句(时间、地点、原因、结果、
条件、目的、让步、方式、比较)
2010年度专升本公共英语
考点分析
PartⅠVocabularyandStructure(1x40)
Directions:
Thereare40incompletesentencesinthispart.ForeachsentencetherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosetheONEthatbestcompletesthesentence,andthenyoushouldmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.
1.Thefiremusthave_______aftertheshopwasclosed.
动词辨析
A.brokenoutB.brokendown
C.brokeninD.brokenthrough
2.Heis_______jointhearmy.不定式
A.tooyoungtoB.enoughyoungto
C.veryyoungtoD.youngenoughto
3.Finallyhegottimeforaglance_______thisreport.介词
A.offB.round
C.onD.at
4.Yourideaseemstobegoodbutitisn’t_______.形容词辨析
A.practicalB.possible
C.plentifulD.precious
5.Heenjoys_______popmusicwhileIpreferclassicalmusic.
动名词
A.tolistentoB.tolisten
C.listeningD.listeningto
6.Whenthelittlegirlawoke,shefoundherself_______byagroupofsoldiers.分词
A.surroundB.besurrounded
C.beingsurroundedD.beingsurrounding
7.Themanagerlosthis_______justbecausehissecretarywastenminuteslate.名词
A.moodB.temper
C.mindD.passion
8.Thereareseveralcharacteristicsofthetextbook_______attention.形容词
A.worthwhileB.worthof
C.worthyD.worthyof
9.Thenewbuilding_______alltheotherbuildingsinthetown.动词辨析
A.dwarfsB.distorts
C.desertsD.depresses
10.Ipassedthetest.I_______itwithoutyourhelp.虚拟语气
A.wouldnotpassB.wouldn’thavepassed
C.didn’tpassD.hadnotpassed
11.TheInternethasbrought_______bigchangesinthewaywework.介词
A.aboutB.out
C.backD.up
12.Thefatherwritesinhiswillthateverysonanddaughter_______ashareofhisproperty.主谓一致
A.hasB.tohave
C.havingD.have
13.Hehurriedtothehospital,only_______hisfatherhadjustdied.不定式
A.totellB.tobetold
C.tellingD.told
14._______tomorrow,hewouldbeabletoseetheopeningceremony.虚拟语气
A.WouldhecomeB.Ifhecomes
C.WashecomingD.Werehetocome
15.Thespeakercouldhardlyfindsafeground_______hisarguments.引导词+不定式(定语)
A.onwhichtobaseB.tobaseon
C.onthebaseD.whichtobaseon
16.Heisamanwhoisalways_______faultwithotherpeople.
动词辨析
A.puttingB.seeking
C.findingD.lookingfor
17.Thefactoryhadto_______anumberofemployeesbecauseoftheeconomiccrisisinthecountry.动词辨析
A.layoutB.layoff
C.layasideD.laydown
18.Wouldyousparesometimetohaveachatwithme_______acupofcoffee介词
A.forB.withC.duringD.over
19.Tendaysagotheyoungman_______hisboss_______hisintentiontoresign.谓语动词+搭配介词
A.informed…ofB.informed…on
C.informed…inD.informed…to
20.Itisnecessarythathe_______thetaskbytheendofnextweek.虚拟语气(should省略)
A.fulfillB.willfulfill
C.willhavefulfilledD.fulfills
21.Itisimpossibleforso_______workerstodoso_______workinasingleday.形容词
A.few…muchB.few…many
C.little…muchD.little…many
22.Nofurtherdiscussions_______atthemeetingwasbroughttoanend.现在分词(后置定语)
A.aroseB.arising
C.toariseD.bearisen
23.Theotherday,MumandIwenttoSt.James’sHospital,andtheydidlotsandlotsoftestsonme,_______arehorribleandfrightening.定语从句(介词+引导词)
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhich
C.mostofthatD.mostofwhat
24.Heisapleasantfellowto_______.带介词的不定式(后置定语)
A.workB.workwith
C.beworkingD.beworked
25.Onhiswaytotheairport,it_______tohimthathehadforgottentotakehispassport.动词辨析
A.happenedB.occurred
C.reflectedD.tookplace
26.Orlando,acityinFlorida,_______foritsmainattraction,MagicKingdom.动词辨析
A.whichiswellknownB.beingwellknown
C.wellknownD.iswellknown
27._____,hecouldn’tearnenoughtosupportthefamily.
让步状语从句
A.HardasheworkedB.Asheworkedhard
C.AshardheworkedD.Hardasdidhework
28.Iused_______ontheleftinEngland,butIsoongotused_______ontherightinChina.固定搭配
A.todriving…todriveB.todrive…todriving
C.todrive…todriveD.todriving…todriving
29.Canmachinesperformthesametasks_______方式状语从句
A.thatmandoesB.whatmandoes
C.howmandoesD.asmandoes
30._______thatthetradebetweenthetwocountriesreacheditshighestpoint.强调句型
A.Duringthe1960’sB.Itwasinthe1960’s
C.Thatitwasinthe1960’sD.Itwasthe1960’s
31.It’snouse_______withhimsincehehasmadeuphismind.
动名词
A.toargueB.arguing
C.tobearguedD.argued
32.Themorehetriedtopleaseher,_______sheseemedtoappreciateit.比较级
A.lessB.lesser
C.thelessD.thelesser
33.Theinformationtechnologyhasgreatly_______people’slife.动词辨析
A.affectedB.effect
C.impactD.infected
34.HavingagoodcommandofEnglishis_______aneasything.介词短语
A.byallmeansB.byanymeans
C.byeverymeansD.bynomeans
35.Mymobilephoneisn’tworking.It____.谓语动词+动名词
A.needsbeingrepairedB.needsrepairing
C.needstorepairD.needsrepaired
36.ThatwassoseriousamatterthatIhadnochoicebut_______thepolice.不定式
A.calledinB.callingin
C.callinD.tocallin
37.Henever_______tohiscustomersinhisbusinessexceptoccasionallyforsomespecialreasons.Thistimehecutthepricebyhalf,whichreallyshockedme.动词辨析
A.leakedB.drew
C.quotedD.yielded
38.Itisusefultobeabletopredicttheextent_______whichapricechangewillinfluencesupplyanddemand.搭配介词
A.fromB.with
C.toD.for
39.Undergraduatestudents_______ther