职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解卫生类A级试题3.docx

职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解卫生类A级试题3.docx

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职称英语等级考试试题答案及题解卫生类A级试题3

职称英语等级考试试题、答案及题解卫生类（A级）试题（3）

第二篇

NewU．S．PlanforDiseasePrevention

UrgingAmericanstotakeresponsibilityfortheirhealth，HealthandHumanServices

SecretaryTommyThompsononTuesdaylauncheda$15millionprogramtotrytoencourage

communitiestodomoretopreventchronicdiseaseslikeheartdisease，canceranddiabetes（糖尿病）。

TheinitiativehighlightstheCOSTSofchronicdiseases-theleadingcausesofdeathinthe

UnitedStates--andoutlineswaysthatpeoplecanpreventthem，includingbetterdietand

increasedexercise．

"IntheUnitedStatestoday,7of10deathsandthevastmajorityofseriousillness，disability

andhealthcarecostsarecausedbychronicdiseases，"theHealthandHumanServices

departmentsaidinastatement．

Thecausesareoftenbehavioral--smoking，pooreatinghabitsandalackofexercise．

"Iamconvincedthatpreventingdiseasebypromotingbetterhealthisasmartpolicychoice

forourfuture．"Thompsontoldaconferenceheldtolaunchtheinitiative．

''Ourcurrenthealthcaresystemisnotstructuredtodealwiththerisingcostsoftreating

diseasesthatarelargelypreventablethroughchangesinourlifestylechoices．"

Thompsonsaidheartdiseaseandstrokeswillcostthecountrymorethan$351billionin

2003．

"Theseleadingcausesofdeathformenandwomenarelargelypreventable，yetweasa

nationarenottakingthestepsnecessaryforUStoleadhealthier,longerlives，"hesaid．

The$15millionisdesignedtogotocommunitiestopromoteprevention，pushingfor

changesassimpleasbuildingsidewalkstoencouragepeopletowalkmore．

Dailyexercisesuchaswalkingcanpreventandevenreverseheartdiseaseanddiabetes，and

preventcancerandstrokes．

Themoneywillalsogotocommunityorganizations，clinicsandnutritionistswhoarebeing

encouragedtoworktogethertoeducatepeopleatriskofdiabetesaboutwhattheycarddoto

preventitandencouragemorecancerscreening．

TheAmericanCancerSocietyestimatesthathalfofallcancersCanbecaughtbyscreening，

includingPaptests（巴氏试验）forcervical（子宫颈的）cancermammograms（乳房X线照片）

forbreastcancer,colonoscopies（结肠镜检查），andprostate（前列腺的）checks．

Ifsuchcancerswereallcaughtbyearlyscreening，thegroupestimatesthatthesurvivalrate

forcancerwouldriseto95percent．

36WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofchronicdiseasesintheUS?

ATheyaccountfor70％ofalldeaths．

BTheyareresponsibleformostofthehealthcarecosts．

CTheyoftenresultinunhealthylifestyles．

DTheyarelargelypreventable．

37TheauthormentionsallthefollowingwaysofdiseasepreventionEXCEPT

Abetterdiet．

Bincreasedexercise．

Clesssmoking．

Dmorefrequenthandwashing．

38Thepassageindicatesthatspendingmoremoneyondiseasepreventionwillmean

Agreaterresponsibilityofthegovernment．

Blessneedforinput、intotreatment．

Chighercostsofhealthcare．

Dmorelifestylechoicesforpeople．

39Thepurposeofthe,S15millionprogramisto

Apromotediseaseprevention．

Bbuildmorehighways．

Chelppoorcommunities．

Dwipeoutchronicdiseases．

40EarlycancerscreeningCanhelpreducesignificantly

Athedeathratesfora11chronicdiseases．

Bthekindsofcancerattackingpeople．

Ctheincidencerateforcancer．

Dthedeathrateforcancer．"

第三篇TheBodyThieves

IntheearlynineteenthcenturyinBritain，manyimprovementswerebeingmadeinthe

worldofmedicine．DoctorsandSurgeonswerebecomingmoreknowledgeableaboutthehuman

body．Illnessesthathadbeenfatalafewyearsbeforewerenowcurable．However,Surgeonshad

oneproblem．Theyneededdeadbodiestocutup，ordissect（解剖）．Thiswastheonlywaythat

theycouldlearnaboutthefleshandbonesinsidethebody。

andtheonlywaytoteachnew

surgeonstocarryoutoperations．、

Thejoboffindingthesedeadbodieswascarriedoutbyanunpleasantgroupofpeople

called"bodysnatchers''．Theywentintograveyards（墓地）atnightand，usingwoodenshovels

tomakelessnoise。

dugupanyrecentlyburiedbodies．Thentheytookthebodiestothemedical

schoolsandsoldthem．Abodycouldbesoldforbetween￡5and~10，whichwasalotofmoney

atthattime．Thedoctorswhopaidthebodysnatchershadallagreementwitht}them-theynever

askedanyquestions．Theydidnotdesiretoknowwherethebodiescamefrom，aslongasthey

keptarriving．

ThemostfamousofthesebodysnatchersweretwomenfromEdinburghcalledWilliam

BurkeandWilliamHare．BurkeandHareweredifferentbecausetheydidnotjustdigUpbodies

fromgraveyards．Theygotgreedyandthoughtofalleasierwaytofindbodies．Insteadof

diggingthemup，theykilledthepoorerguestsinHare'ssmallhotel．Dr．Knox，therespected

surgeontheyworkedfor,neveraskedwhyallthebodiestheybroughthimhadbeenstrangled

（勒死）．一

FormanyyearsBurkeandHarewerenotcaughtbecause，unsurprisingly,thebodiesoftheir

victimswereneverfoundbythepolice．Theywereeventuallyarrestedandputontrialin1829.

ThejudgeshowedmercytoHareandhewasreleasedbutBurkeWasfoundguiltyandhis

punishmentwastobehanged．Appropriately,hisbodyWasgiventothemedicalschoolandhe

endeduponthedissectingtable，justlikehisvictims．Inonesmallway,．justicewasdone．

Now，over150yearslater,surgeonsdonotneedthehelpofcriminalstolearntheirskills．

However，thescienceofsurgerycouldnothavedevelopedwithouttheirrathergruesome（令人

毛骨悚然的）help．

41TheproblemfacingBritishsurgeonsintheearly19thcenturywasthat

Asomeillnessesremainedincurable．

Bfewpeoplewerewillingtoworkassurgeons．

Cmedicalexpensesweretoohigh．

Ddeadbodieswerenoteasilyavailable．

42Thebodysnatchersusedwoodenshovelsbecause

Atheydidnotwishtospoilthedeadbodies．

Btheywantedtokeepthebodiestothemselves

Ctheywereafraidofbeingcaught．

Dtheywerecarefulnottodisturbanyone．

43BurkandHaredifferedfromotherbodysnatchersinthat

Atheygototherpeopletodigupbodiesforthem．

Btheysoldthebodiesonlytoonesurgeon．

Ctheydugupbodiesnotjustfromgraveyards．

Dtheyresortedtomurdertogetbodies．

44ThebodiesofBurke'sandHare'svictimscouldn'tbefoundbythepolicebecause

Atheyhadbeenstolen．

Btheyhadbeenstrangled．

Ctheyhadbeendissected．

Dtheyhadbeenburied．

45Thebodythievescontributedintheirgruesomewayto

Amedicaladvancement．

B，legalprogress．

Csocialstability．

Dmaterialwealth．

【

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