步步高湖南专用高考英语二轮 专题知识与增分策略阅读理解第二部分 推理判断题.docx
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步步高湖南专用高考英语二轮专题知识与增分策略阅读理解第二部分推理判断题
考点8 推理判断之细节判断题
真题解密
Usingtoomuchwaterorthrowingrubbishintoourriversareclearwaysthathumanscanputourwatersupplyindanger,butwealsoaffectourwatersupplyinlessobviousways.Youmaywonderhowpaving(铺砌)aroadcanleadtolessuseablefreshwater.Amajorpartofthewaterweuseeverydayisgroundwater.Groundwaterdoesnotcomefromlakesorrivers.Itcomesfromunderground.Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave,thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.
Humanactivityisnotresponsibleforallwatershortages(短缺).Drierclimatesareofcoursemorelikelytohavedroughts(干旱)thanareaswithmorerainfall,butinanycase,goodmanagementcanhelptomakesurethereisenoughwatertomeetourbasicneeds.
Thinkingaboutthewayweusewatereverydaycanmakeabigdifference,too.IntheUnitedStates,afamilyoffourcanuse1.5tonsofwateraday!
Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive,butthere’salotwecandotolowerthenumber.
Youcantakestepstosavewaterinyourhome.Tostartwith,usethesameglassforyourdrinkingwaterallday.Washitonlyonceaday.Runyourdishwasher(洗碗机)onlywhenitisfull.Helpyourparentsfixanyleaksinyourhome.Youcanevenhelptokeepourwatersupplycleanbyrecyclingbatteriesinsteadofthrowingthemaway.(2013·安徽,B)
60.Whichofthefollowingismostlikelytoleadtolessgroundwater?
A.Usingriverwater.
B.Throwingbatteriesaway.
C.Pavingparkinglots.
D.Throwingrubbishintolakes.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。
由第一段最后一句“Themoreroadsandparkinglotswepave,thelesswatercanflowintothegroundtobecomegroundwater.”可推知。
61.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?
A.Allwatershortagesareduetohumanbehavior.
B.Ittakesalotofefforttomeetourwaterneeds.
C.Thereismuchwecandotoreducefamilysize.
D.TheaveragefamilyinAmericamakesproperuseofwater.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。
由第三段最后一句“Thisshowshowmuchwedependonwatertolive,butthere’salotwecandotolowerthenumber.”可推知。
62.Thelastparagraphisintendedto________.
A.showushowtofixleaksathome
B.tellushowtorunadishwasher
C.provewhatdrinkingglassisbestforus
D.suggestwhatwedotosavewaterathome
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。
由最后一段第一句可知。
63.Thetextismainlyabout________.
A.whypavingroadsreducesourwater
B.howmuchwedependonwatertolive
C.whydroughtsoccurmoreindryclimates
D.howhumanactivityaffectsourwatersupply
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。
A、B、C三项只涉及到部分内容,而D项则包括大部分内容。
技巧归纳
细节判断题属于深层理解题,要求根据语篇内容,推断具体细节。
做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系,理解文章的真正含义,要忠实于原文,千万不能主观臆断,随意揣测,更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词:
infer(推断),indicate(象征,暗示),imply(暗示),suggest(暗示),assume(假定,设想)和conclude(推断,做出结论)。
趁热打铁
Whenaskedabouthappiness,weusuallythinkofsomethingextraordinary,anabsolutedelight,whichseemstogetrarertheolderweget.
Forkids,happinesshasamagicalquality.Theirdelightatwinningaraceorgettinganewbikeisunreserved(毫无掩饰的).
Intheteenageyearstheconceptofhappinesschanges.Suddenlyit’sconditionalonsuchthingsasexcitement,loveandpopularity.Icanstillrecalltheexcitementofbeinginvitedtodancewiththemostattractiveboyattheschoolparty.
Inadulthoodthethingsthatbringdeepjoy—love,marriage,birth—alsobringresponsibilityandtheriskofloss.Foradults,happinessiscomplicated(复杂的).
Mydefinitionofhappinessis“thecapacityforenjoyment”.Themorewecanenjoywhatwehave,thehappierweare.It’seasytooverlookthepleasurewegetfromthecompanyoffriends,thefreedomtolivewhereweplease,andevengoodhealth.
Iexperiencedmylittlemomentsofpleasureyesterday.FirstIwasoverjoyedwhenIshutthelastlunchboxandhadthehousetomyself.ThenIspentanuninterruptedmorningwriting,whichIlove.Whenthekidsandmyhusbandcamehome,Ienjoyedtheirnoiseafterthequietoftheday.
Psychologiststellusthattobehappyweneedamixofenjoyableleisuretimeandsatisfyingwork.Idon’tthinkthatmygrandmother,whoraised14children,hadmuchofeither.Shedidhaveanetworkofclosefriendsandfamily,andmaybethisiswhatsatisfiedher.
We,however,withsomanychoicesandsuchpressuretosucceedineveryarea,haveturnedhappinessintoonemorethingwe’vegottohave.We’resoselfconsciousaboutour“right”toitthatit’smakingusmiserable.Sowechaseitandequalitwithwealthandsuccess,withoutnoticingthatthepeoplewhohavethosethingsaren’tnecessarilyhappier.
Happinessisn’taboutwhathappenstous—it’sabouthowweseewhathappenstous.It’stheskillfulwayoffindingapositiveforeverynegative.It’snotwishingforwhatwedon’thave,butenjoyingwhatwedopossess.(2013·天津,D)
51.Aspeoplegrowolder,they________.
A.feelithardertoexperiencehappiness
B.associatetheirhappinesslesswithothers
C.willtakefewerrisksinpursuinghappiness
D.tendtobelieveresponsibilitymeanshappiness
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。
根据第一段“...getrarertheolderweget.”可知选A项。
52.WhatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromParagraphs5and6?
A.Shecareslittleaboutherownhealth.
B.Sheenjoysthefreedomoftraveling.
C.Sheiseasilypleasedbythingsindailylife.
D.Sheprefersgettingpleasurefromhousework.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。
根据第五段和第六段可知作者对一切都很欣赏,对日常生活很容易满足。
53.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph7?
A.Psychologiststhinksatisfyingworkiskeytohappiness.
B.Psychologists’opinioniswellprovedbyGrandma’scase.
C.Grandmaoftenfoundtimeforsocialgatherings.
D.Grandma’shappinesscamefrommodestexpectationsoflife.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。
根据第七段作者的祖母没有休闲时间和令人满意的工作,使她满意的是她有众多的朋友和家人,由此推断她的幸福来自对生活的适度期盼。
故选D项。
54.Peoplewhoequalhappinesswithwealthandsuccess________.
A.considerpressuresomethingblockingtheirway
B.stresstheirrighttohappinesstoomuch
C.areatalosstomakecorrectchoices
D.aremorelikelytobehappy
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。
根据第八段第二、三句可知选B项。
55.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthepassage?
A.Happinessliesbetweenthepositiveandthenegative.
B.Eachmanisthemasterofhisownfate.
C.Successleadstohappiness.
D.Happyishewhoiscontent.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。
根据文中人们对快乐的认识以及举例说明可判断选D项。
活页练(二十四)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1.Listen!
Doyouhearsomeone________forhelp?
A.callingB.call
C.tocallD.called
答案 A
解析 听到某人正在大喊,用现在分词calling作宾补,表示主动与正在进行。
2.Nowthatwe’vediscussedourproblem,arepeoplehappywiththedecisions________?
A.takingB.take
C.takenD.totake
答案 C
解析 句意为:
既然我们已经讨论了我们的问题,人们对我们做的决定满意吗?
take与thedecisions之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词表示被动。
3.Thepoliceofficersinourcityworkhard________therestofuscanliveasafelife.
A.inordertoB.asif
C.inorderthatD.onlyif
答案 C
解析 inorderthat引导目的状语从句,意为“为了”。
inorderto为了,后跟动词原形;asif好像;onlyif只有。
4.—WhatwereyoudoingwhenLucy________inyesterday?
—Ihadjustfinishedmyhomeworkand________totakeashower.
A.dropping;start
B.haddropped;started
C.dropped;havestarted
D.dropped;wasstarting
答案 D
解析 句意为:
——昨天Lucy来访的时候你在干什么?
——我(那时)刚写完作业正要开始洗澡。
第一空后面有yesterday所以用一般过去时;第二空强调那时正要做某事。
5.—What’swrong?
—Nothingserious.I’mjust________busy.
A.muchB.more
C.toomuchD.fartoo
答案 D
解析 因为too修饰形容词或副词,far是用来加强too的语气的。
6.Iwanttousethesamedictionary________wasusedyesterday.
A.whichB.who
C.whatD.as
答案 D
解析 当先行词前有as,so,such,thesame等修饰时,在从句中作主语或宾语的关系代词用as。
在本句话中,as作从句的主语。
7.I________togoforawalk,butsomeonecalledandIcouldn’tgetaway.
A.wasplanningB.planned
C.hadplannedD.wouldplan
答案 C
解析 句意为:
我本打算去散步,但是有人打电话,所以我没能去。
plan是在called和couldn’tgetaway之前发生的动作,所以用过去完成时。
8.—HaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?
—Perhapsnotinmymemory.________,itmighthavebeenduringmyearlychildhood.
A.IfanyB.Ifso
C.IfeverD.Ifnot
答案 C
解析 句意为:
——你去过长城吗?
——在我记忆中好像没有去过。
要是去过的话,或许是在童年。
ifever如果曾经,该句完整形式为:
IfIhaveeverbeentotheGreatWall,...。
ifany如果有一些(表示数量);ifso如果那样;ifnot如果不。
9.Itisbeyondmyunderstandingthatmanyadults______besocrazyaboutHarryPotterseries.
A.willB.can
C.mayD.should
答案 D
解析 考查情态动词。
句意为:
很多成年人居然对哈利·波特系列这么上瘾,对此我不能理解。
这里用should表示“居然,竟然”。
其他选项都没有这个含义。
10.Hewasdeepinthoughtwithhiseyes________ontheceiling.
A.fixedB.fixing
C.fixD.tobefixing
答案 A
解析 考查with+n.+doing复合结构。
fixone’seyeson结构中名词和动词之间为被动关系,故用fixed。
11.Tom________theInternetfailedintheexam.
A.addictB.addictto
C.addictedtoD.addictingto
答案 C
解析 形容词短语作后置定语修饰Tom,相当于定语从句whowasaddictedtotheInternet。
12.—Someonewantsyouonthephone.
—________nobodyknowsIamhere.
A.AlthoughB.And
C.ButD.So
答案 C
解析 前半句句意为:
有人给你打电话,后半句句意为:
没有人知道我在这儿。
根据句子意思可知前后两句明显为转折关系,因此选C项。
13.Hisparentsthoughtonlyinthisway________becomesuccessful,studyingabroad.
A.couldTomB.Tomcould
C.isTomabletoD.Tomisableto
答案 A
解析 句意为:
汤姆的父母原以为只有用这种方式汤姆才能成功,才能到国外学习。
本题考查倒装。
在宾语从句中“only+介词短语/副词/状语/状语从句”置于句首时,后面句子要使用部分倒装,故A项正确。
14.BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland,hisson________fromcollege.
A.graduatedB.hasgraduated
C.hadbeengraduatingD.hadgraduated
答案 D
解析 bythetime+过去时引导从句时,主句要用过去完成时。
15.________twiceayear,whetheritisacarorabusoratruck,istherulethateverydrivermustobeyinthiscity.
A.Examining
B.Examined
C.Beingexamined
D.Havingbeenexamined
答案 C
解析 句中缺少的是主语,分词不作主语,故排除A、B项;从整个句子意思来看examine需要用被动式且用其一般式即可。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
Aboutayearago,ifyouhadaskedwhoDinaraSafinawas,theanswerwouldhavebeen,“SheisMaratSafin’syoungersister.”Shewasovershadowedbyherwonderbrother.Butnowshehasmadeanameforherself:
theworldNo.1playerinwomen’stennis.
The22yearoldRussianovertookSerenaWilliamsoftheUSfortoprankingonApril20.“Before,everyplaceIgo,IamMarat’ssister.Nothingelse,”shetoldNewYorkTimes.“Ialwayswantedtobemyself,andnowfinallytheresultscome,andpeoplecanknowmeasDinaraSafina.”
Safinahasmadeittotwogreateventfinals,in