届高考英语二轮复习强化训练专题1 阅读理解4.docx
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届高考英语二轮复习强化训练专题1阅读理解4
第一编 专题一 考点4
真题题组
A
（2017·全国Ⅱ，B）
IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968，whenGeorgeRoyHill，thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid，introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.Idon’tknowhowmanypeoplewouldhavedonethat；theywouldhavelistenedtotheiragentsorthestudiopowers.
ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthatalthoughtherewasanagedifference，webothcamefromatraditionoftheaterandliveTV.Wewererespectfulofcraft（技艺）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors：
humorous，aggressive，andmakingfunofeachother—butalwayswithanunderlyingaffection.Thosewerealsoatthecore（核心）ofourrelationshipoffthescreen.
Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingback—hewithhisNewman’sOwnfoodandhisHoleintheWallcampsforkidswhoareseriouslyill，andmewithSundanceandtheinstituteandthefestival.PaulandIdidn’tseeeachotherallthatregularly，butsharingthatbroughtustogether.Wesupportedeachotherfinanciallyandbyshowingupatevents.
Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas，andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.
文章大意：
本文是一篇记叙文。
作者讲述了与Paul的相识及与其建立友谊的原因，虽不常见面但是却因共同的信念而保持着友谊。
❶ Whywasthestudiounwillingtogivetheroletoauthoratfirst？
__C__
A．PaulNewmanwantedit.
B．Thestudiopowersdidn’tlikehisagent.
C．Hewasn’tfamousenough.
D．Thedirectorrecommendedsomeoneelse.
解析：
考查细节理解。
根据第一段中的“Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme”可知，摄影棚起初不愿意给作者角色的原因是想找一个与Paul一样著名的人物。
故可知作者当时不够有名。
该题选C项。
❷ WhydidPaulandtheauthorhavealastingfriendship？
__D__
A．Theywereofthesameage.
B．Theyworkedinthesametheater.
C．Theywerebothgoodactors.
D．Theyhavesimilarcharacteristics.
解析：
考查推理判断。
根据文章第二段中的“Wewererespectfulofcraft（技艺）andfocusedondiggingintothecharactersweweregoingtoplay.BothofushadthequalitiesandvirtuesthataretypicalofAmericanactors”可知，作者与Paul之所以拥有持久的友谊是因为他们有相似的性格特征。
故D项符合题意。
❸ Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph3referto？
__A__
A．Theirbelief.B．Theircareforchildren.
C．Theirsuccess.D．Theirsupportforeachother.
解析：
考查代词指代。
根据第三段中的“Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess，youshouldputsomethingback”可知，下文的内容是对thebelief的解释，that引导同位语从句，解释说明thebelief的具体内容。
下文提到了我们并不经常见面，但是分享这个信念把我们带到了一起。
故选A项。
❹ Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext？
__B__
A．Toshowhisloveoffilms.B．Torememberafriend.
C．Tointroduceanewmovie.D．Tosharehisactingexperience.
解析：
考查写作目的。
根据全文内容，尤其是第一段中的“IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968”以及最后一段中的“Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago”可知，该篇文章的写作目的是回忆一位朋友，所以选B项。
B
（2016·全国Ⅱ，B）
Fiveyearsago，whenItaughtartataschoolinSeattle，IusedTinkertoysasatestatthebeginningofatermtofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents.IputasmallsetofTinkertoysinfrontofeachstudent，andsaid：
“MakesomethingoutoftheTinkertoys.Youhave45minutestoday—and45minuteseachdayfortherestoftheweek.”
Afewstudentshesitatedtostart.Theywaitedtoseewhattherestoftheclasswoulddo.Severalotherscheckedtheinstructionsandmadesomethingaccordingtooneofthemodelplansprovided.Anothergroupbuiltsomethingoutoftheirownimaginations.
OnceIhadaboywhoworkedexperimentallywithTinkertoysinhisfreetime.Hisconstructionsfilledashelfintheartclassroomandagoodpartofhisbedroomathome.Iwasdelightedatthepresenceofsuchastudent.Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork.HispresencemeantthatIhadanunexpectedteachingassistantinclasswhosecreativitywouldinfect（感染）otherstudents.
Encouragingthiskindofthinkinghasadownside.Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking.Withoutfailonewoulddeclare，“ButI’mjustnotcreative.”
“Doyoudreamatnightwhenyou’reasleep？
”
“Oh，sure.”
“Sotellmeoneofyourmostinterestingdreams.”Thestudentwouldtellsomethingwildlyimaginative.Flyingintheskyorinatimemachineorgrowingthreeheads.“That’sprettycreative.Whodoesthatforyou？
”
“Nobody.Idoit.”
“Really—atnight，whenyou’reasleep？
”
“Sure.”
“Trydoingitinthedaytime，inclass，okay？
”
文章大意：
本文是一篇记叙文。
文章讲述了作者五年前在西雅图教学生们美术时所发生的事情，以及培养学生们的想象力的方法。
❺ TheteacherusedTinkertoysinclassinorderto__A__
A．knowmoreaboutthestudents
B．makethelessonsmoreexciting
C．raisethestudents’interestinart
D．teachthestudentsabouttoydesign
解析：
考查细节理解。
根据文章第一段第一句话的“tofindoutsomethingaboutmystudents”可知，作者使用Tinkertoys是为了弄清楚有关学生们的一些事情。
故选A项。
❻ WhatdoweknowabouttheboymentionedinParagraph3？
__D__
A．Helikedtohelphisteacher.B．Hepreferredtostudyalone.
C．Hewasactiveinclass.D．Hewasimaginative.
解析：
考查细节理解。
根据第三段第四句话“Herewasanexceptionallycreativemindatwork”可知，这个男孩儿非常具有创造性，故选D项。
❼ Whatdoestheunderlinedword“downside”inParagraph4probablymean？
__B__
A．Mistake.B．Drawback.
C．Difficulty.D．Burden.
解析：
考查词义猜测。
根据下文的“Irantheriskoflosingthosestudentswhohadadifferentstyleofthinking”可知，作者冒着推动那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。
故可知该词的意思为“不足，缺点”，所以选B项。
❽ Whydidtheteacheraskthestudentstotalkabouttheirdreams？
__A__
A．Tohelpthemtoseetheircreativity.
B．Tofindoutabouttheirsleepinghabits.
C．Tohelpthemtoimprovetheirmemory.
D．Tofindoutabouttheirwaysofthinking.
解析：
考查推理判断。
根据第四段中的“Withoutfailonewoulddeclare，’ButI’mjustnotcreative.’”，及下文内容可推知，作者问学生们他们是否做梦了是为了让他们看到自己的创造力。
故选A项。
C
（2017·江苏，B）
Beforebirth，babiescantellthedifferencebetweenloudsoundsandvoices.Theycanevendistinguishtheirmother’svoicefromthatofafemalestranger.Butwhenitcomestoembryoniclearning（胎教），birdscouldrule_the_roost.AsrecentlyreportedinTheAuk：
OrnithologicalAdvances，somemotherbirdsmayteachtheiryoungtosingevenbeforetheyhatch（孵化）.New－bornchickscanthenimitatetheirmom’scallwithinafewdaysofenteringtheworld.
Thiseducationalmethodwasfirstobservedin2012bySoniaKleindorfer，abiologistatFlindersUniversityinSouthAustralia，andhercolleagues.FemaleAustraliansuperbfairywrenswerefoundtorepeatonesoundoverandoveragainwhilehatchingtheireggs.Whentheeggswerehatched，thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers—asoundthatservedastheirregular“feedme！
”call.
Tofindoutifthespecialqualitywasmorewidespreadinbirds，theresearcherssoughtthered－backedfairywren，anotherspeciesofAustraliansongbird.Firsttheycollectedsounddatafrom67nestsinfoursitesinQueenslandbeforeandafterhatching.Thentheyidentifiedbeggingcallsbyanalyzingtheorderandnumberofnotes.Acomputeranalysisblindlycomparedcallsproducedbymothersandchicks，rankingthembysimilarity.
Itturnsoutthatbabyred－backedfairywrensalsoemergechirpingliketheirmoms.Andthemorefrequentlymothershadcalledtotheireggs，themoresimilarwerethebabies’beggingcalls.Inaddition，theteamsetupaseparateexperimentthatsuggestedthatthebabybirdsthatmostcloselyimitatedtheirmom’svoicewererewardedwiththemostfood.
Thisobservationhintsthateffectiveembryoniclearningcouldsignalneurological（神经系统的）strengthsofchildrentoparents.Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn.“Asaparent，doyouinvestinqualitychildren，ordoyouinvestinchildrenthatareinneed？
”Kleindorferasks.“Ourresultssuggestthattheymightbegoingforquality.”
文章大意：
研究发现胎教并非人类独有，一些鸟儿在这方面做得甚至更出色。
❾ TheunderlinedphraseinParagraph1means“__B__”.
A．betheworstB．bethebest
C．betheasbadD．bejustasgood
解析：
考查词义猜测。
根据句中的转折词But与下文提到的鸟类在胎教方面做得很出色可知选择B。
WhatareKleindorfer’sfindingsbasedon？
__A__
A．Similaritiesbetweenthecallsofmomsandchicks.
B．TheobservationoffairywrensacrossAustralia.
C．ThedatacollectedfromQueensland’slocals.
D．Controlledexperimentsonwrensandotherbirds.
解析：
考查细节理解。
根据第二、三、四段的内容，尤其是第二段中的“thebabybirdsmadethesimilarchirptotheirmothers”，第三段的最后一句及第四段的第二句可知，Kleindorfer的发现是基于母鸟与幼鸟发出的叫声的相似性的，因此本题答案为A。
Embryoniclearninghelpsmotherbirdstoidentifythebabybirdswhich__C__.
A．canreceivequalitysignals B．areinneedoftraining
C．fittheenvironmentbetterD．maketheloudestcall
解析：
考查细节理解。
根据文章倒数第二段的最后一句和最后一段中的“Anevolutionaryinferencecanthenbedrawn”可知，与母鸟的叫声最相似的幼鸟可以得到最多的食物，这也能说明它符合进化论的理论：
适者生存，故本题答案为C。
D
（2016·全国Ⅲ，B）
OnoneofhertripstoNewYorkseveralyearsago，EudoraWeltydecidedtotakeacoupleofNewYorkfriendsouttodinner.TheysettledinatacomfortableEastSidecaféandwithinminutes，anothercustomerwasapproachingtheirtable.
“Hey，aren’tyoufromMississippi？
”theelegant，white－hairedwriterrememberedbeingaskedbythestranger.“I’mfromMississippitoo.”
Withoutasecondthought，thewomanjoinedtheWeltyparty.Whenherdinnerpartnershowedup，shealsopulledupachair.
“TheybegantellingmeallthenewsofMississippi，”Weltysaid.“Ididn’tknowwhatmyNewYorkfriendswerethinking.”
TaxisonarainyNewYorknightarerarerthansunshine.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave，itwaspouringoutside.Welty’snewfriendsimmediatelysentawaitertofindacab.Headingbackdowntowntowardherhotel，herbig－cityfriendswereamazedattheturnofeventsthathadchangedtheirBigAppledinnerintoaMississippi.
“Myfriendsaid：
’Nowwebelieveyou
升级会员 