21世纪研究生英语综合教程2答案.docx

21世纪研究生英语综合教程2答案.docx

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21世纪研究生英语综合教程2答案

21世纪研究生英语（综合教程2）练习题答案

UnitOne

TextAPuttinginaGoodWordforGuilt

Ⅲ.Keytotheexercises

1.Readingcomprehension

（1）Theythinkguiltisabadthingforone’spsychology,andifyouwanttolivewithtrueliberation,youshouldgetridofthesenseofguiltandtrytobelieveeverythingandeverybodyisOK,nomatterwhatyouhavedone.

（2）Underthiskindofconception,peopletrytoignorethesenseofguiltwithoutfindingoutitsrealmeaninginlife.Andit’ssomewhatlikeselfdeceivingtosayeverythingisokbecauseindeeperconscience,peoplewillstillfeeluneasyifsenseofguiltisnotdealtwithproperly.

（3）Somepeoplecangothroughtheirliveswithoutamomentofguilt,whiletheothergroupofpeoplemayfeelguiltyjustforbeingalive.

（4）Asenseofguilt,aswellasasenseofduty,canurgeustodotherightthingwhenwemaynotfeellikedoingit.Inthatway,asenseofguiltisthegreatcivilizerofourbasicconscienceandthemaintainerofourbehavior.

（5）Youcaneitherchangetheopinionofaperfectimagesothatyou’llfeellessguiltywhenfailingtoachievesomething,orchangethebehaviorinawaythatismoreinaccordwithyourrightconscience.

2.Vocabulary

（1）slaying

（2）obsessively（3）ingrained（4）hustles

（5）inflicted（6）commandment/stampede（7）infidelities

（8）qualms（9）catatonic

3.Paraphrase

（1）Butthenitcametomymindthatpeoplehavegivenupguiltfortoolongatime.Duringthatperiodoftimeofabouttenyearsormore,thosewelcomepsychologistssolvedpeople’smentalproblemsbywritingbooksinsteadofgivingclinicaltreatment.Andtheyaretryingtoadvocatetheconceptthatnobodyshouldfeelguiltyforanything.

（2）Inthepast,itwascommonlythoughtthattolovehimself,everyoneshouldfirstgiveuphisguilt.Forthemostpartofthepasttenyears,peopledeliberatelyignoredthesenseofguiltwithoutunderstandingitsmeaningandsignificance.

（3）What’smore,wewouldneverbeoneofthosewhogiveuptheirguiltwhilebecomingmoreandmoredeterioratedinexcessiveadmirationofthemselves.

（4）Therearepeoplewhoaretorturedbyunreasonableguilt.Ofcoursewearenotwillingtobeoneofthemorguideourchildrentobeoneofthem.

（5）Insuchachangeableworld,oursenseofdutyisverylikelytochangeourfeeling.Nowanoldconceptmayconflictwithanewoneonwhatweshoulddo.Thereisagreatdifferencebetweenourbeliefandtheeducationwegot,andthatdifferenceresultsinthesenseofguilt.

（6）Ifguiltrepresentsthecontradictionofourstandardsofbehavior,itisagoodthingfullofstrengthandhumanness.

（7）Insomeaspect,thesocalledbadfeelingreflectsthebestnatureofhumanbeing.Becausewedon’twanttofeelguilty,wewillnotdobadthings.

（8）Inthataspect,guiltcanmakeuscivilizedandforceusbyconsciencetobegoodpeopleinsteadofputtingourselvesinthefirstplaceurgently.

4.Cloze

（2）responsibility（3）reason（4）triggered（5）anxiety（6）committed（7）criticism（8）empathy（9）develop（10）violates（11）value（12）intended（13）fulfill（14）generally（15）failing（16）intended（17）biochemical（18）judged（19）since（20）nature5.Translation

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

究其最深层最彻底的含义，内疚感是我们心中一个渴望被捕获的罪犯。

做错了事就产生这种可怕的、发自内心的感觉。

这正如麦克白夫人满脑子想的那个别人看不到的血点一样……而且我们还不能四处张望。

没有内疚就等于没有良知。

感觉不到内疚的人给他人造成痛苦后心情照样不错，结果他们就心安理得地接着给别人制造痛苦。

我们什么不要都可以，唯独不能不要良知。

弗洛伊德曾说过：

“上帝在良知方面处理不当，有些粗心，大多数人生来良知就不算多，要么就少的不值一提。

”

这里说明一点，我并不是建议每个人报名参加寻找内疚之旅。

然而，我们必须对以下两种观点加以区分：

一种认为我们所有人都应该为诸如贫困或种族主义感到内疚；另一种则断言受压迫者是“命里注定”。

B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

（1）Peopleappealedtothegovernmenttoputinagoodwordfortherealheroafterthetruthcameout.

（2）OnthecomingoftheNewYear,itoccurredtoSamthatheshouldputasidehisworkforawhileandcallhisparents.

（3）Inatimeofchange,youngpeopleoftenputselfinterestinthefirstplaceandtuneoutsocialcommitment.

（4）Thegovernmenthasrealizedthatserioussocialproblemsmayarisefromwealthpolarization,andmeasureshavebeentakentoshortenthedistance.

（5）Asthecostofbeingfamous,starsareparticularlyvulnerabletocriticism,becausepeoplealwayshavehigherexpectationsofthem.

UnitTwo

TextAIntheBeginning:

GodandScience

Ⅲ.Keytotheexercises

1.Readingcomprehension

（1）“Immaterial”hastwosenses:

（a）Ofnoimportanceorrelevance,inconsequentialorirrelevant;（b）Havingnomaterialbodyorform.Itseemsthatpeoplehavetakentheconceptionthatreligionorspiritualactivityisofnoimportanceinhuman’slife.

（2）TheSteadyStatetheorythattheuniversejustexistsinfinitivelywithoutgenerationanddestruction.

（3）BecausetheyseemtogetsomeconfirmationfromthescienceofthecreationofworlddescribedinBible.

（4）Becauseitisoneofthebasicscientificprinciplethateveryeffecthasacause,butthecreationoftheuniverse,asthestartingpointofeverything,hasnocause,whichcontradictswiththeprinciple.

（5）Ofcourseitisnotthefinalconclusionaboutthecreationofworld.Butbothscientificandreligiousfieldsshouldtakesomeefforttoexplorewithproperawetheunknownareathatissuggestedbyit.

2.Vocabulary

（2）serenity（3）ignites（4）receding（5）subversive（6）convergence（7）provisional（8）defies（9）concur（10）becoming3.Paraphrase

（1）It’shardandevenintolerabletoimaginetheinfinitiveuniverse,liketheendlesstime,butthisideacanatleastmakepeoplefeelcalmandpeaceful.

（2）However,inrecentdecades,theSteadyStatemodelofuniversehasbeensubstitutedinscientificfieldbyamoredifficultideathattheuniverseisfullofforcefulactions.

（3）TheBigBangtheorymakessomeastronomersveryuneasy,butatthesametime,createsalittleexcitementinreligiousfieldforitseemstoconfirmtheirbeliefincreation.

（4）ScienceeducedtheBigBangtheoryfromthehardworkofassumptionandtestificationandevenunexpectedbutpleasantincidents,whichsharelittleinterestwithideology.

（5）Manytheologiansalsoagreethatthesimilarpointsofreligionandscienceontheissueofcreationisaccidentalwithoutdeepsignificance.

（6）Somescientistsrefusetoconsidertheissueofcreationwiththeattitudeofdealingwiththefact.

（7）Yet,actuallyeveryone,includingscientistsandcommonreligiouspersons,ispossessedbytheconfusingissuesofcreationandevenwhathappenedbeforeit.

（8）Peoplewhoareengagedinthehitechfieldneedsomethingfromspiritandethicstoconducttheirwork.

（9）TheBigBangtheoryofcourseisnottheperfectfinaltheoryofcreationthathumancandevelop,butwhatitshowstousisavastunknownareathatrequireseffortandappropriaterespectfrombothreligionandscience.

4.Cloze

（2）deeply（3）movements（4）longing（5）endeavor（6）present（7）religious（8）suffice（9）varying（10）experience（11）primitive（12）evokes（13）stage（14）poorly（15）creates（16）depend（17）handed（18）disposed（19）degree（20）basis5.Translation

A.TranslatethefollowingparagraphintoChinese.

硅芯片时代的不可知论可被除了造物之外的许多疑惑所动摇。

几乎具有同样神秘色彩的问题是，在几十亿年前，是什么条件产生了第一个能够复制自身的分子。

这一步使得遍布地球的所有生命形式的发展成为可能。

为什么恰在那时发生呢?

对于科学和神学在大爆炸宇宙学上表面的趋同，宗教界表现出来的热情是可以理解的。

自启蒙运动以来，《圣经》所述的创世故事或者其它“事件”，如人之堕落和耶稣基督的奇迹，屡屡遭遇科学的贬抑；它们仅仅被当作神话、迷信而已。

现在信徒们不由得要相信科学已经费力地证实了至少一个圣经“神话”：

创世说。

B.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

（1）Sincemygrandmaknowsnothingaboutelectricalappliance,shealwaysstaysclearofanyofthemwithfear.

（2）Althoughtheyhavebeensiegedforalmostaweek,thesoldiersswearnevertoyieldthegroundtotheenemy.

（3）Hefoundwithembarrassmentthathisnewbossturnedouttobehisprimaryschoolclassmate,onwhomheusedtoplaytrick.

（4）Everybodyshouldknowhowtochoosewhentheirsocialresponsibilityclasheswiththeirpersonalinterest.

（5）Touristsfromallovertheworldarereallytakenbythebeautyandintelligenceshowninthispalace.

UnitThree

TextAPrivacyandPropertyontheNet

Ⅲ.Keytotheexercises

1.Readingcomprehension

（1）Thewriterintendstoshowthereexistshypocrisyingovernment’sconfidentialityprotections.

（2）Theauthorimpliestosatirizethatcopyrightfailstofulfillitsfunctionthatitwasintendedtoperform,thatis,toprotectperformers,eithercelebritiesorunknownperformers,equally.Instead,itstatesadistinctionbetweenthem.

（3）Citizens’privacyisviolatedbygovernmentsurveillance（refertopara.7）.

（4）Scientistscanutilizedatamining.Althoughinternetbasedresearchlikedatamininghasitsdrawbackssuchaslackofreliability,impossibilityofimpartiality,thewriterstillholdstheviewthat“internetresearchcouldbenefitscience,aswellassociety.”

（5）Governmentshouldkeeppacewiththesocietaldevelopmentandtimelyupdateitspoliciesonprivacyandpropertybasedonappropriateresearch.

2.Vocabulary

（1）confidential

（2）facilitate（3）bizarre（4）innovation

（5）surveillance（6）incidentally（7）administered（8）deregulation

3.Paraphrase

（1）Althoughprivacyandpropertyarefirmlyestablishedinthehistoryofhumandevelopment,theyvaryasthesocialcriteriachange.

（2）Theytwoarebasedonexperienceandcanbescientificallytrue.However,theymaybeprovedwronginsomedomainslikesocialaspects.

（3）Courtofficialswhohavemadeasolemnpromisecouldexplorethedoubtfulcasesthenspecifythosereallyguiltyfewandreporttopunishthemaccordingtolaws.

（4）Informationtechnologycannotprovideconvincinganswerstosuchquestionsthusendingupbeingdoubtedbypublic,followingnuclearpowerandgeneticengineering.

（5）Internetbasedinvestigationsmightsucceed,buttheyareusuallylessreliablethantraditionalrandomlysampledpolls.

4.Cloze

（1）sophisticated

（2）protect（3）named（4）emplo