分析海明威的象征主义手法.docx

分析海明威的象征主义手法.docx

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分析海明威的象征主义手法

分析《永别了，武器》中的象征主义

摘要

《永别了，武器》是海明威最著名的小说之一。

该小说是一部战争题材的小说，也是一部现代主义的悲剧作品。

本文通过对作者海明威以及其生活的社会背景的介绍，解读其主要作品的不同特点及相似性，简单回顾《永别了，武器》的内容，重点针对小说的主人公亨利、凯瑟琳、小说中的两组自然现象雨和高山以及隐藏在小说题目中的“武器”进行分析，研究其表现出的象征含义，进一步揭示象征主体在小说中新的暗示。

这篇论文旨在使读者更了解《永别了，武器》体现的象征主义手法，领悟小说中的永恒魅力，真正了解海明威的写作目的。

关键词：

海明威；自然现象；象征主义

TheAnalysisoftheSymbolisminAFarewellToArms

ABSTRACT

AfarewelltoArmsisoneofthemostoutstandingworkswrittenbyHemingway.Thenovelisagreatmasterpieceindoomaswellasatragedyinmodernsense.ThisthesisiswrittentostudydifferentsymbolicmeaningandrevealthenewinsinuationofsymbolicobjectsbyfirstlyintroducingHemingwayandhislivingbackgrounds,thenanalysingdifferentcharactersandsimilaritiesofhisworks,reviewingthecontentsofAFarewelltoArms,andespeciallyfocusingonanalysingHenry,Catherine,therain,themountain,andthearms.

Thethesisiswrittentoenablereaderstogetabetterunderstandingofsymbolismpresentedinthisnovelandtocomprehendtheeternalcharmofthisnovel,knowingthegenuinepurposeofHemingway'swriting.

Keywords:

Hemingway;arms;symbolism

CONTENTS

摘要I

ABSTRACTII

1INTRODUCTION1

1.1TheAuthor1

1.2IntroductionofHemingway'sWorks2

2LITERATUREREVIEW4

2.1OverseasReview4

2.2DomesticReview4

3SYMBOLISMINAFAREWELLTOARMS6

3.1DefinitionofSymbolism6

3.2SymbolismofPersons6

3.1.1Henry6

3.1.2Catherine9

3.3SymbolismofNatureEnvironment………………………………………………11

3.1.1TheRain13

3.1.2TheMountain15

3.4SymbolismofArms16

4CONCLUSION19

BIBLIOGRAPHY20

1INTRODUCTION

1.1IntroductionoftheAuthor

1920swasreallyatumultuoustimesduringwhichalotofremarkablewritersappearedliketheshootingbamboosafterthespringrain,suchasScottFitzgerald,WilliamFaulknerandErnestHemingway.ManyofopuswrittenbythemwasbasedupontheWorldWar

.Amongtheseoutstandingwriters,ErnestHemingway,insomeaspects,isthemosteminentone.

Hemingway'scareerincludesfourmarriages（andthreedivorces）;serviceasanambulancedriverfortheItaliansintheWorldWar

（withanhonorablewound）;activityasawarcorrespondentintheGreek-TurkishWar（1922）,theSpanishCivilWar（1937-1939）,theChineseJapaneseWar（1941）andtheWarAgainstHitler（1942-1945）.Addbig-gamehuntingandfishing,safaris,expatriationinFranceandCuba,bullfighting,NobelPrize,theUltimatesuicideinIdaho.Andyouhaveanabsurdlyimplausiblelife,apparentlylivedinimitationofHemingway'sownfiction.（HaroldBloom,ed.ModernCriticalViews:

ErnestHemingway.NewYork:

ChelseaHousePublishers,1987,p.5.）

AftertheWorldWar1hadbrokenout,HemingwayjoinedtheservicearmyofAmericanRedCrossSociety.HewasthenseriouslyinjuredbyanexplodingbombinanightwhenhewasthrowinghimselfintotheItalyWar.Afterthewar,Hemingwaywasgrantedasilvermedal.Alongwiththeglory,237piecesofscarsandindeliblydemonicmemoryofwarweredeeplyengravedinhisbodyandmind.

ItwassaidthatwhenHemingwayreturnedhome,neitherdidhewanttofindajob,nordidhewanttostudyinauniversity.Heconfinedhimselftoexhaustion,dissatisfactionandannoyance.ItwasthefirstWorldWar

whichtoldaboutthetruthofthegenerationwhohadfoughtforit,andwhoselife,becauseofit,hadbeenwrenchedfromtheexpectedpatternandtheoldvalue.HemingwayhimselftheninTheSunAlsoRises,1926depictedapictureofthedepravedyoungAmericansandexpatriations--the"LostGeneration",asGertrudeSteindefinedthem.

1.2IntroductionofHemingway'sWorks

Hemingway,asarepresentativeofthe"LostGeneration",wroteaseriesbooksbasedonhisownexperiences,suchasthelongnovels:

InOurTime（1925）,TheTorrentsofSpring（1926）,TheSunAlsoRises（1926）,AFarewelltoArms（1929）,ForWhomTheBellTolls（1940）,TheOldManandtheSea（1952）;theshortstories:

MenWithoutWomen（1927）,TheWinnerTakeNothing（1933）,TheFifthColumnandFirstForty-MineStories（1938）andsoon.

TheplotandsituationHemingwaywroteinhisnovelareoftenfierce,sometimesfloodingwithbrutalcharacters.InTheSunAlsoRises,thehard-drinkingandsexuallypromiscuousworldcouldbesensedineverycorner;thechaoticandunmercifulworldofwar,asinForWhomtheBellTolls,AfarewelltoArms.InhisintroductiontoMenatWar（1942）,Hemingwaywrote:

"learningtosuspendyourimaginationandlivecompletelyintheverysecondofthepresentminutewithnobeforeandnoafteristhegreatestgiftasoldiercanargue."（JamesD.Hart,TheOxfordCompaniontoAmericanLiterature.5thed.Oxford:

OxfordUniversityPress,1983,p.327.）ThatisaworldGoddiscarded,menwerehopelessbuttodragoutanignobleexistence.

AmongwhichisthemostpersuasivetotheWorldWar

isAFarewelltoArms.WorldWar1indeeddominatedmanyofthemythsoftwentiescenturyprofoundly,particularlyasreflectedinthewritingoftwentiesandthirties.AFarewelltoArmsisinmanywaysparadigmaticofthefictionoftheGreatWar.

2LITERATUREREVIEW

2.1OverseasReview

AFarewelltoArmsisanovelsetduringtheItalianCampaignofWorldWar

.Thebook,publishedin1929,isafirst-personaccountofAmericanFredericHenry,servingasalieutenant（"Tenet"）intheambulancecorpsofItalianarmy.Thetitleistakenfromapoemby16thcenturyEnglishdramatistGeorgePeele.

SomeadopttheattitudeofnegatingHenry.Forinstance,aRussiancriticthinksthatHenryisapessimisticpacifist,whoescapesnotonlyfromthefront,butalsofromthesociety.（JayGellen,ed.TwentiethCenturyInterpretationsofAFarewelltoArms;ACollectionofCriticalEssays.EnglewoodCliffs,NewJersey;Prentice-Hall,1970,p.10）MichaelS.ReynoldsholdsthatHenryisanegotist,whoseactionsareself-centered,althoughhecanbeconsiderateofCatherinewhenthereisnothingelsetodistracthim.Hesays:

"Frederic'sprogressinthenovelisfromgroupparticipationtototalisolation;thisprogressisthecentralactionofthenovelanddefinesFredericasthecentralcharactereventhoughheisnotthehero'".（MichaelS.Reynolds,Hemingway'sFirstWar;TheMakingofAfarewelltoArms.Oxford:

BasilBlackwellLtd.,1987,p.271）DelbertWylderinsiststhatHenryisanantiherowholackscourageandcompetence.（DelbertWylder,Hemingway'sHeroes.Albuquerque:

UniversityofNewMexicoPress,1970,p.32）RobertWilliamLewispointsoutthatHenryisnotanidealist,butapragmatist,whosestandardofjudgmentissuccessinachievingsomepracticalordesiredend.Heharshlyremarks,"Reactiveratherthanactive,seekingpleasureforhimselfratherthanothers,andunderhandedratherthanhonestarethenon-heroiccharacteristicsoftherogueFrederichasbeen,asEttoreimpliesandashisconductdemonstrates,aboozerandwhore-hound.（RobertWilliamLewis,AFarewelltoArms:

TheWaroftheWords.NewYork:

NewYorkTwaynePublishers,1992,p.61.）Inaddition,someothercriticsthinksthatHenryisahedonist,apessimist,anescapistandthelike.Somecriticseventhinkthattherearenoheroesatallinthenovel.（JayGellen,ed.TwentiethCenturyInterpretationofAFarewelltoArms:

ACollectionofCriticalEssays,p.47.）AlixWilberoncesaidinhisVoicesinWartime:

Hemingwaywasnotknownforeitherunbridledoptimismorhappyendings,andAFarewelltoArms,likehisothernovels（ForWhomtheBellTolls,TheSunAlsoRises,andTohaveandHaveNot）,offersneither.Whatitdoesprovideisanunblinkingportrayalofmenandwomenbehavingwithgraceunderpressure,bothphysicalandpsychological,andsomehowfindingthecouragetogooninthefaceofcertaindanger.

2.2DomesticReview

Apartfromtheremarksbyoverseasscholars,therearealsosomeviewpointscomingfromdomesticscholars.LiAng,afamousscholar,hasexploredthepredestinationconceptionreflectedinAFarewelltoArmsbyanalysingtheplots,thedescriptionofenvironment,proposingthatHemingwayhadhisownphilosophyofliving,andhencepavingawayforhissubsequentlifestyle.（李昂，《分析<永别了，武器>的宿命论》，2006）LiNanhasdemonstratedthestrongsenseoftragedyinthenovelthroughexplainingthecrueltyofthewarandtheunfortunateexperienceoftheprotagonists.（李楠，《<永别了，武器>的悲剧色彩》，2008）YangWenguangbelievesthatthestyleoficebergcanbeseeneverywhereinAFarewelltoArms,hesays:

"Hemingwayhascreatedauniquestyle,thestyleoficeberg,inwhichhefollowstheprincipleofomission,adoptsimagesexpressedinlanguageofvitality,allofwhichgivethenovelaneverlastingpositionworldliterature."（杨翁光，OntheIdeasandArtinHemingway'sAFarewelltoArms,2002.）

TakingageneralviewofstudiesofAFarewelltoarmsbyscholarshomeandabroad,Iholdmypointofviewthatthewritingofthenovel,toagreatextent,appliesthetechniqueofsymbolismandthereforereachesasuperbstate.Thisthesiswilllaterfocusondiscussingsymbolismrepresentedinthenovel.

3SYMBOLISMINAFAREWELLTOARMS

3.1DefinitionofSymbolism

Symbolismishabituallyusedtoanalysispoemandprose.Itistheuseofsymbols,oftentocommunicateextrasensorymeaningorsignificance.（Harmon,William,andC.HughHolman.HandbooktoLiterature,8thedition.N.J.:

PrenticeHall,2000.P.507.）

Togetabettercomprehensionofthefunctionofsymbolism,afullyunderstandingofartisticconceptionisindispensable.Theartisticconceptionisofastateandtonewhenliteratureandartisticworksareexpressedbyimagedescription,ofaimageblendingwithdeficiencyandexcessrepresentedbythelyricworks,andofaspaceforartisticappreciation.（www.H）Therefore,thatistosay,symbolism,percepti