英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx

英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化.docx

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英语高考英语总复习阅读理解社会文化

【英语】高考英语总复习--阅读理解（社会文化）

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   Beingattractiveisn'tusuallyconsideredmuchofadisadvantageintoday'sworld.Actually,thereistheendlesspotentialbenefitaboutit,butresearchershavefoundoneareathatbeingprettymakeslifeachallengesecuringyourselfaboring,lowpayingjob.

   Thisstandsincontrasttoalargebodyofresearchthatattractiveness,ingeneral,helpscandidatesintheselectionprocess.Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing.Wetreatprettypeoplemorefavorablyingeneral,oftenvoteforthemmoreinelections,andpaythemmoreintheirprofessions.Theresearchsuggeststhatattractivepeoplemaybediscriminatedagainstinselectionforrelativelylessdesirablejobs.

   Researcherscarriedoutfourexperimentsinvolvingmorethan750participants,includinguniversitystudentsandmanagerswhomakehiringdecisionsintherealworld.Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive.Participantswerethenaskedaseriesofquestionsdesignedtomeasuretheiropinionsofthejobcandidatesandwhethertheywouldhirethesecandidatesforalessthandesirablejob.

   Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentativeandthemoredesirablejobsincludedthingslikeamanager,projectdirector,ITelite（精英）.Inallexperimentswheretheywereasked,participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejobandmorelikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthemoredesirablejob.

   MsLeesaid,"Intheselectiondecisionforanundesirablejob,decisionmakersweremorelikelytochoosetheunattractiveindividualovertheattractiveindividual.CoauthorDrMadanPillutlasaid,"Itisinterestingthatdecisionmakersconsiderothers'opinionsintheirdecisions.Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."

   Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohighleveljobs.

（1）Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkofbeingattractive?

A. Itisadisadvantage.

B. Itisablessing.

C. itisnotimportant.

D. Ithasnothingtodowithjobs.

（2）WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A. Theparticipantsoftheexperiment.

B. Theimportanceoftheexperiment.

C. Theprocessoftheexperiment.

D. Theresultoftheexperiment.

（3）Anordinarylookinggraduatemayhaveanadvantagewhenapplyingfor_______.

A. amanager              B. aprojectdirector              C. awarehouseworker              D. anITelite

（4）Whyarelessattractiveapplicantspreferredforlessdesirablejobs?

A. Becausetheyaremorehardworking.

B. Becausetheywillbemoresatisfied.

C. Becausetheyhavenorequirementsatall.

D. Becausetheywillwantbetteroutcomes.

（5）Whichofthefollowingagreeswiththeresearch?

A. Attractivepeoplearemorefitforhighleveljobs.

B. Lessattractivepeopleareeasytofindhighleveljobs.

C. Attractivepeoplecanalwaysbehiredwhenapplyingforjobs.

D. Lessattractivepeoplecaneasilygethighlypaidiftheyworkhard.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）C

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了吸引力和求职之间的关系。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Forthemostpartgoodlooksisablessing."可知,在很大程度上,美貌是一种福气,由此可知,人们普遍认为有吸引力是一种福气,故选B。

（2）考查段落大意。

根据第三段内容,特别是"Participantswereshownphotosoftwopotentialjobcandidates,oneattractiveandtheotherunattractive."可知,本段主要介绍了研究人员对吸引力和求职之间的关系的实验过程,故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的"Thelessdesirablejobsincludedawarehouseworker,housekeeper,customerservicerepresentative"及"participantsweresignificantlylesslikelytohiretheattractivecandidateforthelessdesirablejob"可知,参与者不太可能雇有吸引力的人做不那么理想的工作,而仓库管理员是不理想的工作之一,由此可知,长相一般的人在申请仓库管理员职位上有优势,故选C。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第二段中的"Theythoughtthatattractiveindividualswouldwantbetteroutcomes,andthereforewouldbelesssatisfied,sotheyfavoredunattractivecandidateswhenselectingforalessdesirablejob."可知,有吸引力的人希望更好的结果,因此不太容易满足,所以参与者在选择不那么理想的工作时更喜欢长相一般的候选人,由此可知,长相一般的人更喜欢不那么理想的工作是因为他们更容易满足,故选B。

（5）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Theresearchalsosuggeststheestablishedviewthatattractivecandidatesarefavoredwhenapplyingforjobsmightbelimitedtohighleveljobs."可知,有吸引力的求职者更受青睐的观点可能仅限于高层职位,由此可知,有吸引力的人更适合高层工作与研究结果相符合,故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和段落大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   ItiscommonlybelievedthattheearliestChinesepaper-cutsappearedduringthesixthcentury.Somescholarsbelieveitwasevenearlier.LegendhasitthatduringtheWesternHanDynasty（206BC-AD24）,EmperorWudiwasverysadafteroneofhisfavoriteconcubines,MadameLi,died.ATaoistpriest,LiShaoweng,cutapieceofhemppaperintheshapeofMadameLi.Wheneveningfell,theemperor'sservantslitcandlesinhisbedroom;thereflectionofthatpaper-cutonthewallmadetheemperorthinkabouthisbelovedconcubine.

   TheYuxianpaper-cutisdifferentfrommostpaper-cutsproducedinotherregionsofChina.Paper-cutsfromotherregionsaremostlycutwithscissorsorknivesfromsingle-coloredpaper,suchasredorblackpaper.

   TherearefourmajorprocedurestomakingtheYuxianpaper-cut:

First,sketchthepatternonthedraftpaper;second,fastenthedrafttothepapertobecut;third,useaknifetocarveoutthepattern;andfourth,dye（染色）thepaper-cutwithvariouscolors.

   PrecisecuttingskillsareneededtomakeapieceoftheYuxianpaper-cut,whichhighlightsthecraftmaker'sartistictasteanddyeingskills.Thatexplainsthefollowingsaying:

"ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills."

   ThetraditionalYuxianpaper-cuthighlightstwothemes:

flowersandcharactersinChineseoperas.Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas.InOctober2009,theartofYuxian'spaper-cutwasaddedtothelistofIntangibleCulturalHeritage（非物质文化遗产）establishedbyUNESCO（UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganization）.

（1）Thefirstparagraphisactuallyabout___________.

A. EmperorWudi'sfavoriteconcubine               

B. theoriginsofChinesepaper-cuts

C. theinventorofChinesepaper-cut                  

D. oneofthethemesofYuxianpaper-cut

（2）Whichisthemostimportantskillofmakingpaper-cut?

A. Drawingskill.                  

B. Cuttingskill.                  

C. Dyeingskill.                  

D. Carvingskill

（3）Accordingtothepassage,theYuxianpaper-cutisespeciallyfamousforits__________.

A. livelyimagesofcharactersinclassicoperas  

B. traditionalChineseoperas

C. Chineseculturalinfluenceonoperas             

D. advancedcuttingtechniques

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A. TheEarliestChineseLegend                           

B. TheYuxianPaper-cutSkills

C. EmperorWudi'sSadStory                               

D. ChineseYuxianPaper-cut

【答案】

（1）B

（2）C

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国蔚县剪纸。

（1）考查段落大意。

根据第一段可知，介绍了中国剪纸的起源。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“ThesuccessfulmakingofaYuxianpaper-cutis30percentdependentonthemaker'scuttingskills,and70percentonthemaker'sdyeingskills.”蔚县剪纸的成功制作30%取决于制作人的切割技巧，70%取决于制作人的染色技巧。

可知染色技巧对于剪纸最重要。

故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Thepaper-cutisparticularlyknownforitsvividdescriptionofcharactersinvarioustraditionalChineseoperas”剪纸以其对各种传统戏曲中人物的生动描述而闻名。

可知，选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，短文主要介绍了蔚县剪纸有四个主要步骤。

制作蔚县剪纸需要精确的切割技巧，这突出了手工艺者的艺术品味和染色技巧。

传统蔚县剪纸突出了两个主题:

中国戏曲中的花和人物。

这些都是围绕着“中国蔚县剪纸”这个主题展开的。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，段落大意和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   TheinfluenceofAmericaisincreasinginmycountry.SpanishpeopledrinkCocaCola,wearbluejeans,watchHollywoodmovies,listentoAmericanmusic,andeatfastfood,andtheydothesethingseveryday.

   IthinkthatAmericanmoviesareagoodwaytospreadAmericanculturebecausepeopleareofteninfluencedbywhattheyseeinthemovies.Mostoftheprogramsanddocumentaries（记录片）wewatchonTVarefromAmerica,andmostofthemovieswegotoseearemadeinHollywood.

   Inthelastfewyears,thegovernmenthastriedtoprotecttheSpanishmovies.Now,inourcinemas,atleasttwentypercentofthemovieswhichareshownmustbefromSpainorfromothercountriesinEurope.

   AmericancultureisapartofSpanishlifenow.It'scertainthatmanythingsfromAmericaareasmuchapartofpeople'slivesasSpanishthings.Forexample,CocaColaisasfamiliartoeverybodyasanytypicalSpanishproduct.I'veknownaboutCocaColaformywholelife.

   However,it'sdifferentwithWesternfastfood.Forexample,Idon'tthinkMcDonald'sisassuccessfulinSpainasitisinothercountries.Inmyopinion,oneofthereasonsmaybethelifestyleoftheSpanishpeople,TheSpanishpeoplenormallyeatathome.

   Ontheotherhand,maybeMcDonald'shamburgerswilleventuallyreplacethefamousSpanishtapas.It'struethatineverycityinSpainyoucanfindaMcDonald's,anditismorepopularamongtheSpanishchildrenthanamongtheadults.Inanycase,it'sobviousthatAmericancultureisbecomingmoreandmoreapartofourliveseveryday.

（1）Fromthefirstparagraphwecanknowthat      .

A. theinfluenceofAmericaonSpaincanbefoundeverywhere.         

B. mostSpanishpeopledon'tliketolistentotheirownmusic,

C. fastfoodspreadsfromSpaintotheUnitedStates.         

D. someSpanishactorsgotoAmericatoimprovetheiractingskills.

（2）WhatplaysanimportantpartinthespreadingofAme